初中现在完成时讲解和练习-

精品文档 first欢迎下载 现在完成时现在完成时 I I 定义 定义 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2 也可以表示过去已经开始 一直延续到现在的动作或状态 II II 现在完成时的结构现在完成时的结构 have has done 过去分词 注意 表示短暂时间动作的词 如 come go die marry buy 等的完成时不能与 for since 等表示一段时间的词连用 用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作 如 live study be wait 等 常和 since 自从 或 for 经历 引导的词语连用 如 I have lived here for more than thirty years 我已在此住了 30 多年 III III 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语 1 ever never twice once so far 到目前为止 already 肯定句 yet 否定 疑问句 just 刚刚 before 以前 recently 近来 等词连用 2 Since 2 Since 时间点 时间点 for for 时间段时间段 in the past last few years 表示短暂时间动作的词 如 come go die marry buy 等的完成时不能与 for since 等 表示一段时间的词连用 用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作 如 live study be wait 等 常和 since 自从 或 for 经历 引导的词语连用 说明 说明 alreadyalready 与与 yetyet 都有都有 已经已经 的意思 但的意思 但 alreadyalready 常用于肯定句 并用于句中 常用于肯定句 并用于句中 yetyet 常用常用 于否定句和疑问句 并用于句末 于否定句和疑问句 并用于句末 例如 I have already finished my homework I haven t finished my homework yet Have you finished your homework yet They have left 他们已经离开了 也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch 我已经吃过午饭了 也就是说我现在不饿 I can t find my watch now I think I have already lost it 注意 1 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用 如 yesterday last week three years ago 等 2 不能与 when 连用 IV IV 现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法 A A 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调对现在造成的影想或结果 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 强调对现在造成的影想或结果 例如 例如 The car has arrived 车子来了 结果 车子已在门口 Someone has broken the window 有人把窗户打破了 结果 窗户仍破着 B B 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在 包括 包括 现在现在 在内 的一段时间的状语连用在内 的一段时间的状语连用 如如 for for 时间段 时间段 since since 过去的时间点 疑问词过去的时间点 疑问词 howhow longlong 等 等 例如 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年 了 Mr Black has lived in China since 2002 自从 2002 年 Mr Black 一直住在中国 How long have you been here 你来这里多久了 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词 句中谓语动词用现在完成时 时间状语为 for 时间 段 或 since 时间点 如 He has been in the Green China for three years He has been a member of the Green China for three years 他加入 绿色中国 已经三年了 The old man died 4 years ago The old man has been dead for 4 years He joined the Party 2 years ago He has been in the Party for 2 years I bought the book 5 days ago I have had the book for 5 days 表示时间段的短语有 for 一段时间 for 2 years since 从句 since he came here since 时间点名词 since last year since 5 days ago how long for a long time 等 V V 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 1 1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情 强调动作 现在完成时为过一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情 强调动作 现在完成时为过 去发生的 强调过去的事情对现在的影响 强调的是影响 去发生的 强调过去的事情对现在的影响 强调的是影响 I saw this film yesterday 强调动作发生的时间是 yesterday I have seen this film 强调对现在的影响 电影的内容已经知道了 2 2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用 如 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用 如 ago ago lastlast week week in 2008 in the past just now the day before yesterday yesterday then 那时 that day one day once 从前 现在完成时常和现在完成时常和 recentlyrecently 近来 近来 e ev ve er r n ne ev ve er r t tw wi ic ce e soso farfar 到目前为止 到目前为止 sincesince forfor inin thethe past lastpast last fewfew yearsyears a al lr re ea ad dy y 肯肯定定句句 y ye et t 否否定定 疑疑问问 句句 j ju us st t 刚刚刚刚 b be ef fo or re e 以以前前 连连用用 现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用 现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态 动词一般是延续性的 如 live teach learn work study know VI VI 比较比较 have hashave has beenbeen toto have hashave has gonegone toto 和和 havehave beenbeen inin have has been to 表示 曾去过某地 已经从那里回来了 可以和 ever never twice 等连用 have has gone to 表示 已经去了某地 在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来 have has been in 表示 在某地呆多长时间 常与表示一段时间的状语连用 如 since for how long 等 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海 He has been to Shanghai 他 曾经 到 去过上海 但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了 He has gone to Shanghai 他已经去上海了 也许刚动身出发 也许已经到了 也许还在路上 反正 他人不在这里 Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了 六 过去分词 1 规则动词 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同 四点变化规则 1 一般动词 在词尾直接加 ed work worked worked visit visited visited 精品文档 second欢迎下载 2 以 e 结尾的动词 只在词尾加 d live lived lived 3 以 辅音字母 y 结尾的动词 将 y 变为 i 再加 ed study studied studied cry cried cried 4 重读闭音节结尾 末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写该辅音字母 再加 ed stop stopped stopped drop dropped dropped 2 不规则动词 AAA 型 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put put shut shut shut spread spread spread set set set read read read read 原形发音为 ri d 过去式和过去分词发音为 red AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型 become became become run ran run come came come 特殊情况 ABB 型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build built built burn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lost make made made meet met met sell sold sold shoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stood sweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC 型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawn drive drove driven drink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given grow grew grown know knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shaken sing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written 七 瞬间动词 buy die join come go leave join 不能直接与 for since 连用 要改变动词 buy have borrow keep go out be out begin be on come arrive reach get to be in leave be away finish be over open be open close be closed die be dead 1 have 代替 buy My brother has had 不能用 has bought this bike for almost four years 2 用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept 不能用 have borrowed the book for quite a few days 3 用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher 4 用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday 5 用 wear 代替 put on b 用 be 形容词 代终止性动词 1 be married 代 marry 2 be ill 代 fall get ill 3 be dead 代 die 4 be asleep 代 fall get asleep 5 be awake 代 wake wake up 6 be gone 代 lose die sell leave 7 be open 代 open 8 be closed 代 close shut 9 be missing gone lost 代 lose c 用 be 副词 代终止性动词 1 be on 代 start begin 2 be up 代 get up 3 be back to 代 return to come back to go back to 4 be here there 代 come arrive reach get here 或 go arrive reach get there 等等 d 用 be 介词短语 代终止性动词 1 be in at 地点 代替 go to come to 2 用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3 be in at 地点 代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表 1 have arrived at in sw got to reached sw come gone moved to sw have been in sw at 相应的介词 2 have come gone back returned have been back 3 have come gone out have been out 4 have become have been 5 have closed opened have been close open 6 have got up have been up 7 have died have been dead 8 have left sw have been away from sw 9 have fallen asleep got to sleep have been asleep 10 have finished ended completed have been over 11 have married have been married 12 have started begun to do sth have done sth 13 have begun have been on 14 have borrowed bought have kept had 15 have lost haven t had 16 have put on have worn 17 have caught get a cold have had a cold 18 have got to know have known 精品文档 third欢迎下载 19 have has gone to have been in 20 have joined have taken part in the league the Party the army have been a member of have been in have been the Party s member 精品文档 fourth欢迎下载 现在完成时练习 一 现在完成时练习 一 一 用过去时或现在完成时填空 1 you have lunch Yes When you have it I have it at 12 00 2 you write a letter to your aunt yet Yes I I write one last week 3 he finish his homework Not yet 4 they ever be abroad Yes just once 5 Your father just finish his work 6 Your father finish his work just now 7 Last term I learn many English words 8 They not read the interesting books yet 9 He never go to the science museum 10 you ever drink coke 11 Have you buy a dictionary Yes I Where you buy it I buy it in a bookstore When you buy it Yesterday 二 单项选择 1 The famous writer one new book in the past two year is writing was writing wrote has written 2 Have you met Mr Li Just ago before a moment ago 3 How long have you here About two months been gone come arrived 4 Our country a lot so far Yes I hope it will be even has changed well changed good has changed better changed better 5 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago Did do finished Have done finished Have done have finished will do finish 6 We Xiao Li since she was a little girl know had known have known knew 7 Harry Potter is a very nice film I twice will see have seen saw see 8 These farmers have been to the United States Really When there will they go did they go do they go have they gone 9 Zhou Lang already in this school for two years was studying will study has studied are studying 10 His father the Party since 1998 joined has joined was in has been in 11 Do you know him well Sure We friends since ten years ago were have been have become have made 12 He has been to Shanghai has he already never ever still 13 Hurry up The play for ten minutes has begun had begun has been on began 14 It ten years since he left the army Is has will was 15 Miss Green isn t in the office She to the library has gone went will go has been 16 My parents Shandong for ten years have been in have been to have gone to have been 17 The students have cleaned the classroom A so they B don t they C have they D haven t they 18 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China A How soon comes B How often got C How long came D How far arrived 19 His uncle for more than 9 years A has come here B has started to work C has lived there D has left the university 20 you your homework yet Yes I it a moment ago A Did do finished B Have done finished C Have done have finished D will do finish 21 His father the Party since 1978 A joined B has joined C was in D has been in 22 Do you know him well Sure We friends since ten years ago A were B have been C have become D have made 23When he arrived at the bus stop the bus for 20 minutes A has left B had left C has been away D had been away 精品文档 fifth欢迎下载 24 I the League for 5 years so far A joined B have joined C have been in 24 The factory since the February of 1988 A has been open B has opened C was open D opened 25 Mary and Rose friends since they met in 2000 A have made B have been C made 26 The meeting for a week now A has finished B has ended C has been over 27 Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years A has been in B has come to C has taught 30 How long he A died B has died C has been dead 31 He at eight yesterday afternoon A slept B was sleeping C has sleep D had slept 32 He the car for a week A bought B has bought C has had 33 How long you ill Two weeks A did fall B have fell C have been 35 I ll lend you the book but you can only it for 2 days A borrow B keep C take 40 How long can I the book Two weeks A borrow B lend C get D keep 四 用 have has been to in have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空 1 Where is Jack He his country 2 David the park just now 3 John England since he came back 4 How long you this village 5 The Smiths Beijing for years 6 you ever America Yes I there many times 7 I this school since three years ago 8 Where is Jim He the farm 9 When he He an hour ago 10 Would you like to the zoo with me Yes but I there before 五 延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化 1 He died 10 years ago He for 10 years since 10 years ago 2 He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago He the book for 2 weeks 3 He bought the motorbike a month ago He the motorbike for a month 4 He arrived here three days ago He here since three days ago 5 They turned off the light 2 hours ago The light for 2 hours 6 He left here 2 years ago He from here for 2 years 7 The film began 30 minutes ago The film for 30 minutes 8 They opened the door an hour ago The door for an hour 9 They closed the door an hour ago The door for an hour 10 He joined the army last year He a for a year He the army for a year It a year he joined the army 现在完成时练习 二 现在完成时练习 二 单项选择 单项选择 1 1 BothBoth hishis parentsparents looklook sadsad MaybeMaybe theythey what s what s happenedhappened toto himhim 20142014 呼和浩特 呼和浩特 knewknew havehave knownknown mustmust knowknow will will knowknow 2 2 HeHe hashas beenbeen toto ShanghaiShanghai hashas hehe alreadyalready never never ever ever stillstill 3 3 HaveHave youyou metmet MrMr LiLi justjust agoago before before a a momentmoment agoago 4 4 TheThe famousfamous writerwriter oneone newnew bookbook inin thethe pastpast twotwo yearsyears isis writingwriting was was writingwriting wrote wrote has has writtenwritten 5 5 OurOur countrycountry a a lotlot soso farfar YesYes I I hopehope itit willwill bebe eveneven hashas changedchanged wellwell changedchanged goodgood hashas changedchanged betterbetter changedchanged betterbetter 6 6 ZhaoZhao LanLan already already in in thisthis schoolschool forfor twotwo yearsyears waswas studyingstudying willwill studystudy hashas studiedstudied areare studyingstudying 7 7 WeWe XiaoXiao LiLi sincesince sheshe waswas a a littlelittle girlgirl knowknow hadhad knownknown havehave knownknown knewknew 8 8 HarryHarry PotterPotter isis a a veryvery nicenice filmfilm I I it