人教版高中英语选修7Unit3知识点详解

Part 1 Warming up Part 2 Pre reading reading and comprehending 1 I thought at the time that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many time 我当时认为这只是个故事 但是后来我却多次亲眼目睹了这样的事情 witness vt 目睹 目击 为 作证 句型 witness to doing having done sth 证明某事 证实做了某事 Police are appealing to any driver who may have witnessed the accident 警方正呼吁曾目睹这事 故的司机出面作证 The 1980s witnessed increasing unemployment throughout Europe 20 世纪 80 年代是全欧洲失 业日益加剧的年代 Her principal was called to witness to her good character 她的校长被传唤来证明她优良的品质 The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building 司机作证说 他看到此人进入那 栋建筑物 n 证据 目击者 He has been a witness to a terrible murder 他目击了一起残忍的凶杀事件 His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment 他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的 2 One afternoon I arrived at the station as I was sorting out my accommodation I heard a loud noise coming from the bay 归纳总结 accommodation n 住处 停留处 和解 调解 pl 住宿 膳宿 1 make accommodations for 为 提供膳宿 book accommodation at a hotel 向旅馆预订房间 arrange sb s accommodation 给某人安排住处 2 accommodate vt 向 提供住宿 或膳宿 容纳 为 提供空间 考虑到 顾及 帮忙 给 提供方便 顺应 适应 新情况 accommodate to adapt to 使 适应 accommodate oneself to adapt oneself to 适应 顺应 accommodate sb with sth supply sb with sth 给某人提供 即学即用 1 客座艺术家们只好自掏腰包支付食宿费用 Guest artists have to pay for their own accommodations and meals 2 旅馆房间不足 The hotel accommodation is scarce 3 这幢房子可容纳两家人居住 The house can accommodate two families 4 银行将提供一笔贷款给你 The bank will accommodate you with a loan 5 你必须使自己适应形势 You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation 3 We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again 搭配 opposite to 在 的对面 与 相反 I sat opposite to him during the meal 吃饭的时候我坐在他的对面 The result was opposite to what we expected 结果与我们所预料的正好相反 see doing 看见 正在做 throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again 在句中作宾语补足语 与宾语 an enormous animal 存在逻辑上的主谓关系 所以用现 在分词形式 I saw the little child crossing the street 我看见那个小孩儿在过马路 1 在感官动词 see hear look at notice observe feel find 等及使役动词 have make leave keep get 等后既可以用不定式也可以用动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语 不定式 不带 to 表示过 程或动词完成 v ing 形式强调进行或当时情景 2 另外在感官动词 see hear feel 等及使役动词 make get have keep 等后也可用动词 ed 形 式作宾语补足语 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系 The boss kept the workers working the whole night 那个老板让工人整夜地工作 I have never heard him spoken ill of 我从未听说过有人说他的坏话 I have my hair cut once a month 我每月理一次发 4 Come on Clancy To the boat George said as he ran ahead of me come on 祈使句 表示劝说 激励 不耐烦 催促 来吧 赶快 得了吧 与 come 相关的短语 come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见 come out 出版 come through 经历 仍活着 安然渡过 come to 总计 come up 被提出 长出地面 come up with 提出 come about come through come out come up come to come across 1 The cost of the journey 3000 yuan 2 How did the accident 3 When will the book 4 I my teacher in the street yesterday 5 The seeds haven t yet 6 The old man the World War I comes to come about come out came across come up came through 5 This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt 这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就 要开始的号角 be about to do 表示打算或即将发生的动作 但它不与表示将来时间的副词或其他具体 将来时间状语连用 但可以与 when 连用 构成固定句型 6 Within a moment or two its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea drag vt 拖 拉 vi 拖曳 吸 drag away 用力拖 拉 drag out on 使 持续过久 拖延 drag sb down 使身体垮掉 使情绪低落 Her dress dragged on the floor 她的裙子在地板上拖曳着 Angry protesters were dragged away by the police 愤怒的抗议者被警察拖走了 They dragged out the meeting with long speeches 他们的发言长篇大论 使会议拖了很长时间 7 In the meantime Old Tom and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue 在 这段时间里 老汤姆和其他虎鲸会饱餐一顿的 鲸唇和鲸舌就是它们的美食 in the meantime 意为 在 期间 同时 其同义词是 meanwhile for the meantime 目前 眼下 8 Man overboard Turn the boat around urged George shouting loudly 归纳总结 urge vt 催促 极力主张 驱策 1 urge sth sb on 催促某物 某人前进 urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事 urge sb into doing sth 催促某人做某事 2 urge that 极力主张 强调 从句谓语形式为 should 动词原形 It is urged that 坚决要求 从句谓语形式为 should 动词原形 即学即用 1 他要求所有学生参加这次活动 He argued all the students to take part in this activity 2 我强调他要尽自己最大的努力 I urgued that he should do his best 3 有人极力主张他应受到惩罚 It was urgued that he should be punished 9 The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat 那天海面上风大浪高 很难 操纵船只 be adj to do 在 主语 系动词 形容词 不定式 结构中 不定式与主语在意义上是动 宾关系 但要用主动形式表被动意义 如果不定式的动词是不及物的 要在不定式后边加 介词 用于这种句式中的形容词常为 easy difficult heavy hard nice bitter dangerous interesting important comfortable pleasant impossible 等 此句型中还可用 it 作 形式主语 常构成以下结构 It s adj for sb to do sth 对某人来说做 某事 It s adj of sb to do sth 某人如此 而做某事 10 From James s face I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us 归纳总结 abandon vt 遗弃 放弃 n 放任 放纵 abandon oneself to 纵情 沉溺于 abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 with abandon 放纵地 放任地 abandoned adj 无约束的 无度的 放荡的 巧学助记 The child was abandoned by his parents Eventually the abandoned boy was found wandering in the street abandoning himself to despair 那个孩子被他的父母遗弃了 后来有人发现那个被 抛弃的孩子在大街上游荡 他已陷入了绝望 11 It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James and when we approached him I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom 归纳总结 1 在 It takes sb some time sth to do sth 句型中 take 意为 花费 需要 take 前也可用具体名词作主语 It takes took will take sb some time to do sth 是一固定句型 也可用于 It takes took will take sb some money to do sth 2 it 作形式主语时 还可构成以下句型 强调句型 It is 被强调部分 who that It is the first second time that 某人第几次做某事 It is high time that sb did should do sth 是某人该做 的时候了 It s said reported thought that 据说 报道 认为 It s a pity a shame a wonder that 可惜 奇怪的是 It happens appears seems that 恰巧 好像 It seems looks as if 看起来好像 It s up to sb to do sth 该某人做某事 hold up 举起 抬起 承受住 支撑 维持 保持良好 阻挡 使停顿 耽误 The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question 那个学生举手要问老师一个问题 The chair was too weak to hold him up 那把椅子承受不住他的重量 I hope the fine weather will hold up 我希望这么好的天气会持续下去 提示 hold up 作 阻挡 使停顿 耽误 解时 常用被动语态 We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam 我们赶上了交通阻塞 被耽误了 5 分钟 hold 相关短语 hold down 压制 抑制 缩减 垂下 The rate of inflation must be held down 通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上 Hold it down will you I m trying to sleep 小点声行吗 我要睡觉 hold back 踌躇 阻止 抑制 感情等 隐瞒 She held back not knowing how to break the terrible news 她踌躇着 不知如何说出这一可怕 的消息 She just managed to hold back her anger 她勉强压住了自己的怒火 hold on 等着 停住 坚持住 不挂断 抓住 不放 Hold on this isn t the right road 等一下 这条路不对 They managed to hold on until help arrived 他们坚持到救援来 Hold on and don t let go until I say so 握紧 等我让你松手时再松开 hold out 伸出 提供 维持 阻止 制止 They all held out their hands to welcome me Such a situation held out for another half a month up 相关短语 keep up 继续 坚持 take up 开始从事于 占据 拿起 bring up 抚养 培养 make up 组成 编造 化妆 pick up 拾起 学会 得到 用车 去接 搭载 put up 搭建起 张贴 投宿 set up 建立 建造 show up 露面 出席 throw up 呕吐 turn up 出现 出席 调高 音量 12 What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out 归纳总结 help out 意为 帮助 摆脱困境或危难 help sb to do sth 帮某人做某事 help to do sth 帮忙做某事 cannot help doing sth 禁不住做某事 cannot help but do sth 不能不 不得不做某事 help oneself to sth 自用 自取所需 食物等 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 with the help of 在 帮助下 with one s help 13 It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner 看起来好像每个角落里都 有惊喜在等着我 It seemed 意为 看来 其中 seem 为动词 意为 看起来像 似乎 好 像 Part 3 Learning about Language Part 4 Using Language 1 I m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day 归纳总结 reflect vt 映射 反射 vi 当主语是不定式时 表语也用不定式 反之 当主语 是 V ing 形式时 表语也用 V ing 形式 To see is to believe Seeing is believing 3 It s no use good doing sth It s a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语 只用 V ing 不用不定式 It is adj for sb to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收 It is a waste of time talking talk to him It is important for me to learn learn English 3 作宾语 V ing 形式既可作动词的宾语 也可作介词的宾语 We would appreciate hearing from you 我们会珍惜你的来信 The bird escaped being caught catch I feel like joining join the army He was afraid of being abandoned abandon by us 注意 在 avoid admit appreciate consider delay enjoy escape excuse finish forgive imagine mind miss practise risk suggest give up put off feel like insist on instead of look forward to object to keep on 等后只接 V ing 形式作宾语 注意 在 want need require deserve 等动词之后作宾语时 常用动名词的主动式表示被动意 义 Your car needs filling 你这车要充气了 This city deserves visiting 这座城市值得光顾一下 The problem requires studying carefully 这个问题需要认真研究 The trees want watering 这些树需要浇水了 在 be worth 后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义 His suggestion is worth considering The book is worth reading The problem is worthy of being discussed The problem is worthy to be discussed 在 allow advise forbid permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语 如果后面有名词或 代词作宾语 其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语 如 We don t allow smoking here We don t allow students to smoke 4 作定语 The girl standing there is my sister This is a piece of surprising surprise news The problem being discussed discuss now is very important The farmers working work in the fields are tired 5 作状语 Hearing the good news he jumped with joy He sat at the table reading read China Daily Being asked ask to answer the question she couldn t refuse Working work hard you will succeed 6 作宾语补足语 I saw people coming and going in the street I heard her singing sing a song in her room You ll find the topic being discussed discuss everywhere now 7 Ving 一般时和一般时的被动形式 1 He hurried home looking behind from time to time 2 The building being repaired is our dormitory Ving 的完成时和完成时的被动形式 1 Having lit a candle she went out 2 Having been asked to stay I couldn t leave 3 Having heard this our teacher expressed her satisfaction 8 在绝大数情况下 的逻辑主语是句子的主语 但有时前可有一个名词或代词表示视神经 逻辑上的主语 这种带逻辑主语的称为独立结构 The meeting being over we all left the room and drove home 会议结束后 我们都离开房间开 车走了 It being a holiday all the shops were shut 由于今天是假日 所有商店都关门了 9 有少数并不表示句子主语的动作 而是表示说话人的态度 Generally speaking the novel is not very inspiring 总的来说 这部小说并不感人 Judging from what you say he ought to succeed 从你说的情况看 他应能成功 Practice 1 What made Bill so angry His girl friend promised to come at 8 30 but she hasn t come yet A Having kept waiting B Being kept waiting C To be kept waiting D Being kept waited 2 The building in our school is for us teachers Though there s noise most of the day we still feel happy about it A built B having been built C to be built D being built 3 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed A catching B to be caught C being caught D to catch 4 While shopping people sometimes can t help into buying something they don t really need A to persuaded B persuading C being persuaded D be persuaded 5 many times the boy still didn t know how to do the exercises A Having taught B Having been taught C taught D Teaching 6 the whole story Jane decided not to see the film A Having been told B Having told C Been told D Telling 7 He has always insisted on his Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner A been called B called C having called D being called 8 Do you mind alone at home A Jane leaving B Jane having left C Jane s being left D Jane to be left 9 When I called Mrs Smith to ask how things were she told me that four fifths of the houses A have been selling out B are selling out C had been sold out D have sold out 10 The book which deals with the cultures and customs of Canada well in China A is sold B is selling C was sold D had sold 11 Let s hurry The film is beginning Oh I was afraid that the beginning A is already missed B will be missed C has already been missed D had already been missed 12 She didn t speak to me yesterday She was unhappy Well she seemed to about it A have been told B be told C having been told D being told BDCCB ADCCB DA Fill in the blanks 1 turn to the right you will find the place you want 2 ask to put on performance she refused 3 finish his work Henry went home 4 learn new words is useful 5 He disliked interrupt in his experiment 6 I apologize for not wait for you 7 not receive an answer I wrote to him again 8 give such a good chance you should catch it 9 I didn t mind leave at home 10 The house wants clean 11 He came in without ask 12 show around the library we were taken to see the lab Turning Being asked Having finished Learning being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given being left cleaning being asked Having been shown Transforming 句型转换 改成带 ing 形式被动结构的简单句 Example I has always insisted that I should be called Dr Tuner instead of Mr Tuner I has always insisted on my being called Dr Tuner instead of Mr Tuner 1 The bridge which is being built will be completed next month The bridge being built will be completed next month 2 The little girl was eventually aware 意识 that her parents abandoned her in the mountainous village The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned in the mountainous village by her parents 3 He wouldn t come if we don t invite him without He wouldn t come without being invited 4 I noticed that some people were taken to the police station I noticed some people being taken to the police station 5 After he had been examined several times he was told that he was healthy Having been examined several times he was told that he was healthy Combination 运用 ing form 的被动式合并句子 Example The building is being built now It is our library The building being built now is our library 1 He had been interviewed by the reporter He never talked about it He never talked about having been interviewed by the reporter 2 He gave up smoking He had been criticized by the teacher Having been criticized by the teacher he gave up smoking 3 The hamburgers are very delicious They are being eaten by the children The hamburgers being eaten by the children are very delicious 4 He turned around and found it He was being aimed at by the policeman He turned around and found himself being aimed at by the policeman 5 He was being attacked by other three boys I saw the little boy I saw a little boy being attacked by other three boys I 单词拼写 1 He 逃跑 to London after an argument with his family 2 Hotel 住宿 is included in the price of your holiday 3 She has a very close 关系 with her sister 4 The old man lived on a 退休金 5 We 拖 the fallen tree clear of the road 6 The captain gave orders to 舍弃 the ship 7 She stressed the importance of good t 8 Her face was r in the mirror 9 The fence marks the b between my property and hers 10 There was only a n gap between the bed and the wall 11 You must be very careful to cut meat with this 锋利的 knife 12 The doctor will be here soon In the 同时 try and relax 13 The witness gave a very 生动的 description of the accident this morning 14 The citizens of the city 催促 the government to build a new ho