新世纪版英语高一课文(上海地区)

第 1 页 共 34 页 上海新世纪英语高一全部课文 高一第一学期 1 People from all walks of life When a person grows up he will take up different occupations in various work places A society is thus made up of all walks of life What kind of person do you want to be in the future The following introductions may give you some idea TEACHER Teachers are professionals They work in schools colleges universities and other educational institutions They try their best to help students gain new knowledge and become useful people in society Teachers are involved in many tasks such as explaining lessons giving homework and correcting papers At the end of every term they mark test papers and give grades to their students Actually teachers do more Often their impact on students stays all through their lives SURGEON Surgeons like teachers are also professionals As a special group of doctors surgeons operate on sick people and repair the organs that no longer work properly Hospitals are their work places After an operation a surgeon takes care of the patient s medical treatment until he gets well The skills of a surgeon sometimes mean the differences between life and death SECRETARY A secretary works in an office The job of a secretary often involves writing letters answering telephone calls and receiving people A secretary stores information on a computer and puts papers in good order in file cabinets As a link between the boss and the visitors a secretary also helps the boss work out plans and timetables Traditionally more girls than boys work as secretaries FASHION MODEL Fashion models wear the latest styles of clothes and show them to us through television newspapers and magazines Fashion show programmes usually have a large audience The clothes and hairstyles of fashion models may seem strange to the elderly but a large number of young people enjoy following trends and want to be dressed like the models They collect fashion 第 2 页 共 34 页 pictures and admire those superstars of the catwalk Would you like to be one of the people introduced here What do you want to do in the future 2 What to choose Today more and more high school graduates go on to college Most young people decide their courses of study for themselves They do not wait for their parents to tell them what career to choose For example Jack s father practices medicine Even though he wants his son also to become a doctor he doesn t insist that Jack study medicine when he finishes high school He believes that Jack must make up his own mind about his courses of study His wife on the other hand disagrees with him She thinks that Jack should become a doctor and so he can become a partner with his father Jack isn t sure what he wants to study in college One day he feels that he d like to become an engineer However the next day he thinks that perhaps he should study business management Right now he is studying chemistry biology and physics All of them will be useful if he finally chooses to study medicine in college Jack likes his father s attitude and is grateful that his father isn t forcing him to become a doctor In some countries parents often decide what careers their children will follow especially their sons Tchaikovsky 柴可夫斯基 1840 1893 俄国作曲家 the composer of Swan Lake 芭蕾舞剧 天鹅湖 was asked to study law He however didn t take an interest in it Tchaikovsky made a great decision on his own He gave up his government service later and started to study music Some people think the young are probably going to be successful because they are doing the things they most want to do in life Many people however disagree with them 3 Michelangelo 第 3 页 共 34 页 Michelangelo 米开朗琪罗 1475 1564 意大利文艺复兴时期成就卓著的科学家 艺术家 was an Italian artist about 500 years ago Today he is still remembered as a great sculptor painter and architect Michelangelo came from a poor family He was trained at an early age like any other craftsman in Italy At thirteen he started to work and learn in a workshop The workshop belonged to one of the leading masters at that time In the workshop Michelangelo was able to learn all the skills of sculpture However he wasn t satisfied and went on to study the work of the great masters of the past Michelangelo worked hard and he mastered one problem after another By the time he was 30 he was generally regarded as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age In 1508 Michelangelo was given a task to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel 位于罗马梵蒂 冈的西斯廷教堂 At first he tried to turn down this job saying that he was not really a painter but a sculptor Finally he agreed to do it He then shut himself up in the chapel let no one come near him and got ready to work alone It took him four years to complete the paintings on the ceiling Any ordinary person would find it hard to imagine what Michelangelo had gone through in those four years of hard and lonely work Michelangelo while working had to lie on his back and paint As a result he became so used to looking upward that when he received a letter during that period he had to hold it over his head to read it Finally the paintings were completed The great and huge paintings on the ceiling and walls of the chapel have ever since become a fascination to people in Italy and all over the world Michelangelo left us with a great number of sculptures and paintings Today his works are still examples for art students to study and follow Home and overseas visitors can t help but admire these masterpieces 4 Jim Corrigan 第 4 页 共 34 页 Jim Corrigan a well built man in his late 20 s works in a large hospital Jim is an X ray technician It is his job to develop the many X ray films that are taken of people s lungs stomachs and other body parts Jim works in a darkroom a room that is specially equipped for developing film First he removes the film from the lead plates 金属片 that are used to hold it Then he feeds the film into a developing machine It takes about 90 seconds for it to develop The film is then ready to be examined by a doctor Jim s work is important and both doctors and patients eagerly often worriedly wait for the results of his work Jim doesn t keep them waiting too long He is quick and orderly at his job This would not be unusual except for the fact that Jim Corrigan is blind In the beginning it was tricky Jim explains The film comes in five different sizes And sometimes I would get them mixed up But I have never let a mistake get out of the darkroom After some time Jim learned to measure the film by running his fingers over the edges I have a system explains Jim so that I can find things easily in the darkroom It s a simple system I just keep my materials in order and put them back in the same place after I use them I don t have to search for anything Jim is quite capable and can be trusted says his boss I wouldn t have him working here if he weren t And that brings me to the question of handicapped people You can t let yourself get upset about them They want to be treated just like anybody else and they should be They don t want you to fell sorry for them No one has to feel sorry for Jim Corrigan 5 Starting a conversation with a foreigner in English As you rode on the bus one day a foreigner sat down beside you Finally here was a perfect 第 5 页 共 34 页 opportunity for you to practice speaking English with a foreigner you thought to yourself But no words came into your head You were tongue tied After 15 minutes the foreigner got off the bus and you didn t utter a word What a shame you said to yourself If you have had such an experience don t feel bad You re not alone What you need is a lesson in small talk Here are some tips that will show you how to get started HELLO A STARTER First exchange a Hello or Hi with the foreigner but at the same time pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting Watch his facial expression and body language for cues Having said his Hello or Hi in return does he just stare out of the window or keep reading the book in his hand That s the cue for you to stop moving on Don t force a conversation on someone who wants to be left alone But what if the person stops whatever he is doing and looks back or smiles at you These are positive cues indicating you can keep talking and start a conversation SMALL TALK THE MAIN COURSE To start a conversation you should choose a suitable topic Then what are the rules for choosing a suitable topic Perhaps the most universal topic of any conversation is the weather Everyone has an opinion to share about the weather Don t immediately launch into serious topics like politics or religion And don t talk about personal matters either Stick to familiar subjects of a casual nature such as movies music sports favourite things or one s likes and dislikes Small talk flows naturally Raise open ended questions rather than yes no questions to keep the conversation going Try to find points of connection between you and the person you are chatting with Offer short comments on what the other person says and listen attentively when what you say is being commented on If you get such comments as That s interesting I agree or Me too then you know you re on the right track 第 6 页 共 34 页 You can have a lot of fun chatting in English with foreigners They will too Try it Making small talk can be one of life s pleasures 6 Never too busy for social manners So you forgot to answer that party invitation you received Now the day has come and gone and you re feeling guilty because you never told the host you couldn t attend Don t allow this oversight 疏忽 to ruin your relationship says R Thomas Boone a US social psychologist I would show up with a bottle of wine and say I owe 感激 亏欠 you one I m really sorry Boone says Send an e mail make a phone call or reach out to the host another way Whatever the method do it as soon as possible If guests don t answer the invitations on time the host cannot possibly plan for the correct amount of food and drink This may lead to hundreds or even thousands of dollars of waste Everybody has a busy schedule now Boone says If you know you are forgetful when it comes to making phone calls try emailing your RSVPs as soon as the invitation arrives RSVP is the short form of the French phrase r pondez s il vous pla t meaning Reply if you please The following are some commonly used terms in invitation letters and their meanings Be sure to know these and answer invitations properly RSVP REGRETS ONLY Only guests who can t attend need reply You need to give a proper reason why you can t attend RSVP BY Guests should respond with yes or no by the date indicated on the invitation Setting a date gives guests a deadline It is also a deadline for the host to connect guests who haven t reply RSVP BY E MAIL Guests can respond by e mail Unlike phone calls e mails can be sent without regard to time of day or location 第 7 页 共 34 页 7 Holidays and festivals in the United Kingdom There are many national holidays in the United Kingdom Among them Easter and Christmas are two of the most famous EASTER The date of Easter varies each year It usually falls in March or April During the Easter holiday people give each other chocolate Easter eggs The eggs are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday On Good Friday the day before Easter when Christians observe the day on which Christ died hot cross buns 复活节前一个星期五吃的十字面包 are sold They are toasted and eaten with butter Easter Monday the day after Easter is a Bank Holiday On that day banks and other major businesses are closed people may enjoy a trip to the seaside or watch an exciting sports game such as football or horse racing CHRISTMAS For most British families Christmas is certainly the most important holiday of the year Families decorate their houses in bright colours Usually a Christmas tree is placed in the front room shining with coloured lights and interesting decorations On the morning of Christmas Day December 25 many people go to church to celebrate the birth of Christ 耶稣基督 In the afternoon they stay at home and open the gifts that were gathered around the tree Later they may watch the Queen appear on television to deliver her traditional Christmas message to the whole country In the evening the families sit down to a big goose sometimes turkey dinner They round off the meal with pudding a Christmas specialty Many traditions are connected with Christmas For children the most important one is that of receiving gifts On Christmas Eve December 24 they usually leave a long stocking hanging by the bed or by the fireplace They hope that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them small presents They are usually not disappointed December 26 Boxing Day is also a public holiday This is the time to visit friends or watch 第 8 页 共 34 页 football Students have several weeks off school for Christmas 8 How do different cultures around the world celebrate the New Year Get ready to say good bye to the old hello to the new What s the occasion The coming of the New Year Many Western cultures measure their days with the solar calendar Therefore they observe the coming of New Year on January 1 Cultures in Asia and Middle East use other calendars such as the more ancient lunar calendar They celebrate the New Year at other times Events and ceremonies vary from country to country But in each places New Year celebrations are a big meal Most world cultures have been celebrating the New Year for centuries The earliest New Year celebrations took place during spring or harvest time With better weather ahead or plenty of food to eat in winter people naturally felt like having a party As the days became longer and as nature renewed itself people also felt like they could have a new start Past disappointments could be forgotten The New Year could bring better fortune more opportunities and new challenges Such universal themes remain the same today Some cultures have unusual New Year traditions Italians throw old things out of their windows at midnight symbolizing the departure of the old Mexicans fire guns into the air to keep away misfortunes New Year celebrations also involve having fun Some cultures view the New Year as an opportunity to let off fireworks In New York City s Times Square thousands gather on December 31 to count down the last seconds of the year A giant silver ball is lowered at the stroke of midnight London England hosts an annual New Year s Day parade that draws nearly a million spectators The largest parade in Europe it features bands and enormous balloons These balloons are so huge 第 9 页 共 34 页 that they tower over nearby buildings How will you celebrate the New Year Think about the themes you find meaningful during this season Do you hope for a new start or a chance to turn over a new leaf whatever the case we wish you well Happy New Year 9 Man s four legged friend The sun was shining and it was warm Robin a shepherd was lying on the grass enjoying the beautiful sunshine His guard a sheepdog was standing next to him looking at the flock of sheep This is only a scene in a movie but it does give us a real picture showing man s relationship with dogs For a long time in history dogs were not only being raised to work as man s guards but they were also being trained to do many other jobs Some were made to pull carts others were bred to smell out enemies or track the scent of big animals In addition to these hunting and working dogs other breeds came to be used in sports police work and as pets as well In a way dogs have become man s friends and working partners If you have a dog you love as a pet you share some of your life with it The dog lives in your home keeps you company and goes on trips with you Dogs rely on their excellent sense of smell to tell things apart This sharp sense helps man and dogs themselves get over a lot of difficulties A detective once trained a dog Sauer In 1925 while he was thinking hard about how to catch a thief Sauer worked alone and tracked the thief after covering a distance of 160 kilometres Sauer did this by scent alone In 1923 a couple lost their dog Bobbie while they were travelling Six months later Bobbie turned up at the family house He had covered a distance of some 3 200 kilometres The dog had travelled back through the Rocky Mountains in the depths of winter Dogs are indeed man s best friends Yet sometimes even the friendliest dog can bring death with its bite This is not because it has changed in character but because it has been infected with a 第 10 页 共 34 页 terrible disease rabies 狂犬病 The disease is passed on by a bite from an infected dog at any stage When an infected person shows symptoms death is certain to follow shortly after So in order to prevent the disease a person should go to a doctor at once if he has been bitten by a dog Dogs remain man s best friends but we should also try our best to guard against the horrible disease that can be carried by these friends 10 Well done Spotty We were walking alone when we saw the Wilkins children playing in their yard The three girls were taking turns pushing a cart Their one year old twin brothers and a big doll were in it Just as we walked by them a wheel came off Freckles my friend fixed it for them Then they all went upstairs to play some games After a while Mrs Wilkins went out and left the twins with the girls Well it wasn t much fun for me and soon I went to sleep I must have slept pretty hard and pretty long All of a sudden I woke up and could hardly breathe Everybody was gone The room was full of smoke The house was on fire I started down the stairs and stumbled over a gray bunch That belongs to Freckles I thought It s the gray sweater that he likes so much I might as well take it down to him I took the sweater in my mouth and started down again It weighed so much So I dropped it on one of the stairs Then I went back up to look out of a window I wanted to see why there was so much noise The whole town was in the front yard and in the street In the middle of the crowd was Mrs Wilkins who was carrying on like a mad woman Mr Wil