懂你英语Level-4

1 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 1Listening1 1Listening 旅游旅游 Christina is on a two weeks vacation This is the first vacation she has had for a long time The last vacation she took was more than 2 years ago Now she is visiting a friend in San Francisco Her friend and her husband are living near the center of the city He works for a start up company in Silicon Valley While he is working she works part time at a department store Christiana hasn t seen her friend for a long time The last time they saw each other was 3 years ago At that time they were both working at a department store Then Christina quit her job and started her own business She designs women s clothing She has 2 employees now and her company is slowly growing Christina has come to San Francisco by herself Her husband didn t come because he has to work He tried to start a company 2 years ago but it didn t work out His company failed after only a few months So now he s working at another company and saving money Once he saves enough money he plans to start another company He doesn t want to give up This is the second time Christina has been to San Francisco The first time was when she was a high school student That was more than 10 years ago During that trip she was only in San Francisco for a few days After that she went to Los Angles and New York This time she and her friend plan to relax and have fun Christina arrived two days ago the day before yesterday Her friend met her at the airport and drove her to her apartment Her apartment is just north of the airport about 20 minutes from San Francisco It s a small apartment but it s on a hill and it has a great view Yesterday they went downtown and rode the cable cars Christina was surprised by how steep the hills are Then they walked along the ocean and ate lunch at the seafood restaurant From the restaurant they could see the Golden Gate bridge Tomorrow they re planning to drive to Yosemite National Park By car it s about 4 hours away Christina has never been there before so she is excited She has heard that the park is very beautiful Her friend has been to Yosemite several times She says it s one of the most beautiful places in the world Christina just hopes that her friend is a good driver 2 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 11 1 vocabularyvocabulary 伤病和地貌地形伤病和地貌地形 Headache can be very painful and can last for a long time If you have headache your head hurts A headache can be caused by an injury to the head A sprained ankle can be so painful that you can t walk Someone with a sprained ankle may need to use to crutches to walk If you have a sore throat it may be painful to swallow A sore throat can be caused by viruses or bacteria A burn is an injury to the skin cause by fire or heat If you get too close to a fire you will be burned An earache is a sharp dull or burning pain in the ear Common causes of an earache include an infection a changing air pressure or water in the ear Mountains are landforms higher than 2000 feet or about 600 meters above sea level Hills are like mountain but not as tall Mountains are formed by the forces deep within the earth and are made of many types of rocks Rivers are stream of water that usually begin at mountains and flow into the sea Many early cities were built alongside rivers Most of the world s water is in the ocean which are the large bodies of salt water The oceans are also an important source of oxygen The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean covering more area than all the continents put together Deserts are areas of land that receive little or no rainfall The amount of rainfall in some deserts is so low that only a few plants can survive Desert temperatures can range from cold at night to very hot during the daytime often above 120 degrees F A valley is low relatively flat area between hills and mountains often with the river running through it Some valleys are formed by flowing river and others are formed by glaciers 3 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 11 1 dialoguedialogue 谈论吃饭和预约谈论吃饭和预约 M Have you eaten yet F Not I haven t and I m hungry M Me too Let s go out for dinner F Where to M What about joe s Italian F How many times have you eaten there M I eat there a lot It s one of my favorite places F I went there two weeks ago and the service was terrible M Really then let s go some places else What do you suggest F How about the royal Indian It s not far from here M I ve never heard of it Is it good F Yes I have been there several times and I ve never been disappointed M Ok let s try it I ve never eaten Indian food for a long time F You won t be disappointed and the prices are reasonable M Ah so you mean I m going to pay F Well that would certainly be nice M What about reservations F If you get there early enough we won t need them M I hope you re right F Don t worry if we have to wait I ll pay the bill 4 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 21 2 ListeningListening 旅游旅游 2 2 Today Christina and her friend are enjoying themselves This morning they got up very early and drove out of San Francisco They crossed the Bay Bridge before the early morning commute and drove south Because it was so early there were almost not cars After driving an hour and a half they stopped to had breakfast They ordered pancakes and coffee They also had some fresh fruits When they finished eating it was 7 o clock Then they got back into the car and drove south Christina wanted to listen to music so they turned on the radio An hour later they stopped for gas They noticed that there was also a charging station for electric cars It s now 1 15 and they are in Yosemite Park They have been there for two hours since 11 15 They are looking at the Yosemite falls which is the highest waterfall in the park The water drops a total of 740 meters from the top of upper fall to the base of the lower fall In another 15 minutes they plan to eat lunch at a magnificent old hotel in the park It was built in 1927 and has a great view They wanted to stay there but they couldn t get reservation To get a room at that hotel you usually need to make reservations several months in advance They plan to stay in the park until around 4 o clock By then they will have been in the park for nearly 5 hours Then they ll get back into the car and drive back to San Francisco They plan to eat dinner somewhere along the way If the traffic isn t too bad they should be back in San Francisco by 10 o clock Early tomorrow morning they are going to cross the Golden Gate Bridge and go north along the coast From some places you can look out on the ocean and see whales and other sea life Christina has never seen a whale before so she s looking forward to it And tomorrow night they have something special planned They are going to watch a baseball game Christina has never seen a baseball game but she has heard that it is very popular in the US And the San Francisco baseball team is one of the best 5 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 21 2 vocabularyvocabulary 力学 几何力学 几何 A force is a push or a pull on the object A force changes the motion of a moving object A force can be strong or weak and it always has a direction The earth is a planet that goes around the sun in the circular orbit The speed of its motion doesn t change and the direction of its motion does The earth has a layer of gas above its surface which helps to support life Atoms are the building blocks of matter At the center of an atom is its nucleus which has a positive electric charge Outside the nucleus are electrons which have a negative charge Asteroids 小行星 and comics are object that orbits 轨道 our sun but are smaller than planets Asteroid that pass close to the earth are called the near earth objects The layer of gases just above the earth surface is our atmosphere The atmosphere is made up of gases such as oxygen and nitrogen Without an atmosphere there would be not life on earth The two lines on the left intersect 横断 each other at a right angle which is 90 degrees The 2 lines on the right are parallel which means they never cross The adjacent sides of rectangle are perpendicular which means they meet at a 90 degree angle The opposite sides of the rectangle are equal a parallel which means they never cross The area of a rectangle is the length times the width A circle is the 2 dimensional 尺寸的 figures with radius 半径 and circumference which is the distance around the circle The area of the circle is R square where r is the radius and Pi is the ratio of the circle s circumference to its diameter A sphere is a 3 dimensional figure with the a ratio and volume which is the three fourth R cube 立方体 All points on the surface of the sphere are equidistant 等距离的 from its center A rectriangle is a 2 dimensional figure with 3 sides 2 of which are perpendicular To find its area multiply the length of the 2 perpendicular 垂直的 sides A and B and divided by 2 A equates 相等 one half A B The electric force between the nucleus and the electrons holds the atom together A force can increase or decrease the speed of an object and it can change the direction of motion 6 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 21 2 dialoguedialogue M Have you finished eating yet F Not I haven t Why are you in such a hurry M I m sorry but you are such a slow eater F A slow eater Well I try to enjoy my food You just eat and swallow I don t see how you can even taste it M Ok I m sorry Do you mind if I get another glass of wine F No go ahead I don t want you to sit there putting pressure on me I thought we were going to have a relaxing evening M Yes you are right I d like to relax but I had a lot on my mind F What created M Yes it is I ve been getting some strange emails from my boss He wants me to cut down on my expenses Maybe he wants to fire me F Is business bad M Yes it is But I don t want to talk about it F Ok but I m a good listener You can tell me if you d like to M Thanks maybe some other time I ll try to start thinking about it and deal with it tomorrow F Good idea You need to take a break from work Your health is important and so am I M Yes you are I don t know what I would do without you 7 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 31 3 listeninglistening 旅游旅游 3 3 Harry is an American businessman His job requires him to do a lot of travelling He takes 9 or 10 trips a year In the past six months he has made five trips Three were to Asia and two were to Europe The purpose of these trips is to attend meetings and make presentations Harry loves to travel and he has traveled to many countries Most of his trips are for one or two weeks His first international trip was 15 years ago when he was 20 years old He really wanted to see Asia so he and a friend flew to Tokyo Japan From Tokyo they traveled around Japan for 2 weeks The people they met very nice but most of them didn t speak English Harry tried to speak a little Japanese but it was difficult He didn t do very well When he spoke to people most of them just looked at him They didn t understand what he was trying to say From Japan they went to Korea for a week and then they went to China In China they visited the Great Wall in Beijing He stayed in Beijing for a few days and then they boarded a train for shanghai It was an overnight train with sleeping cars During the journey they enjoyed looking out of the window at the countryside The view from the train was wonderful Harry will never forget watching the sun go down in the evening It was a beautiful sunset The journey to shanghai took many hours but it was an unforgettable experience On the train he met a Chinese Professor who spoke English He was middle aged man whose hair was turning grey He told them about how things were changing in China It was wonderful to watch him as he was speaking His eyes were full of energy and excitement They only stayed in shanghai for a couple of days Then they returned to the US and went back to school They had one more year to finish their studies Harry s next new trips were to different parts of the world He went to Europe twice each time to different countries On one trip he travel through the UK and France On the next trip he went Italy and Greece After the Europe he traveled to Mexico and South America In south America he went to Argentina and Brazil He enjoyed watching some great soccer matches Then he decided to go back to Asia But this time he went to Southeast Asia He visited Vietnam Thailand and Singapore Each country had a charm of its own After this travel harry decided to make travel part of his career He didn t want to work only in the US He didn t want work only with Americans He wanted to experience other countries and other cultures His dream was to work for an international company Five years ago his dream came true Now he s working for a German hi tech company As part of his job he has to travel a lot As a result he has been to many cities and counties And he has met many interesting people 8 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 31 3 vocabularyvocabulary 牙齿 人体器官牙齿 人体器官 cavity n 腔 洞 蛀牙 龋洞 A dental cavity is a hole in the tooth A cavity is caused by bacteria in the mouth Brushing your teeth frequently and regularly can help prevent cavities cracked adj 有裂缝的 声音沙哑的 精神失常的 v 破裂 崩溃 crack 的过去分词 发沙哑声 A cracked tooth can be caused by biting down on some hard Dentists the treat cracked tooth by covering it with a crown 牙冠 A dental X ray is a picture of your teeth and gums An X ray shows what can t be seen on the surface of teeth and gums Braces are used by dentists to straighten teeth over a period of years Those braces are usually for children they can also be used for adults with crooked teeth To extract a tooth means to remove it from the mouth Dentists have to pull hard to extract a tooth The heart pumps blood to all parts of bodies through a system of arteries and vein It s located in the chest between the lungs and it beats about once per second Artery n 解剖 动脉 干线 要道 toxin n 毒素 毒质 The kidneys remove waste and toxins from the blood They are been shaped organ and about 10 cm long and 6 cm wide The lungs exchange oxygen from the air with CO2 from the blood They expand when inhaling air and contract when exhaling air Inhale vt 吸入 非 狼吞虎咽 Exhale vt 发散出 放出 放射 使蒸发 医 渗出 vi 呼气 发散 放出 The stomach is below the heart and is part of the digestive system It uses acids to digest food before passing it to the small intestine Small intestine n 小肠 The bladder is a balloon shaped organ that collects urine from the kidneys In an audit the bladder can hold about half a liter of urine urine n 尿 小便 下泉 a liter of 公升 9 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 31 3 dialoguedialogue 谈论贿赂谈论贿赂 P Good evening sir You were driving too fast M Really Was i P Yes you were going well above the speed limit M I m sorry officer P Ok I need to see your driver s license M Here s my driver s license P Your license is expired Are you aware of that M No sir That s a surprise I didn t know P It expired more than a year ago P Is this your car M No sir it s a friend s I m borrowing it for the night P Get out of the car and put your hands behind your back M Why officer what have I done P Just do as I say M Ok officer I m cooperating Please don t push me P Get your hands behind your back M Ok ok P I m not asking you I m ordering you M Please officer I haven t done anything wrong P Stay still and don t say anything This is a stolen car are you aware of that M Are you going to arrest me P What do you think That s what we do with car thieves M If you let me go I will give you a couple of thousand dollars I haven t hurt anybody P So now you re trying to bribe me How stupid can you be M I just don t want to go back to jail Give me a break P Sure you are a nice guy I d like to give you a break But that s nothing I can do M Please officer P Ok where is the money Let me see it and I will think about it 10 L4L4 UnitUnit 1 41 4 listeninglistening 家政服务家政服务 Quick service is a successful home repair company It provides quick reliable repair services to homes It was established 5 years ago and has been expanding rapidly In the last 2 years it has opened offices in 3 new cities Because of its rapid growth it has to hire many new employees In the last 6 months it has hired 50 new employees The total number of the employees in the company is now over 500 And the number of the customers has increased to more than 5000 The company has also improved its business model Instead of offering only repair services it can now help customers upgrade their appliances Quick Service does this by one If they choose to buy a new one they will get a discounted price So a customer can either repair a broken refrigerator for a small fee or buy a new one If they buy a new one they will get a discounted price along with free installation This is possible because several appliance manufactures have agreed to give QuickService big discounts QuickService then installs the new appliance and remove the old one Feedback from customers has been positive A high percentage of customers have taken advantages of this new service As a result QuickService has developed a great reputation Its dedication to the high quality service has proven to be successful Its word of mouth approach to advertising has been cost effective The appliance manufactures have also been happy with the results Their growing relationship with QuickService has helped increase their sales The world s population is growing There are now over 7 billion people in the world During the 20th century the population grew from 1 65 billion to 6 billion It s now going at a rate of around 1 1 per year That means an increase is about 80 million per year By 2024 the population is expected to be around 8 billion people The growth rate used to be higher In the late 1960s the rate of growth was about 2 Since then the growth rate has declined It is estimated that the growth rate will be even less than 1 by 2020 By the year 2050 the growth rate should be even less Even with a declining growth rate the population will continue to grow But it will grow at a slower rate In the past 50 years the world s population has more than doubled It has doubled from around 3 billion in 1960 to more than 7 billion in 2011 The rate of growth