动词不定式用法小结

动词不定式动词不定式 1 动词不定式用法小结动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式 其结构为 to 动词原形 其中 to 不是介词 而是动词不定式的符号 称为小品词 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化 动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语 在句子中可以用作 主语 表语 宾语 补足语 定语 状语等 一一 作主语作主语 例如 To be a doctor is hard 做医生很难 To learn English well is not easy 学好英语不容易 动词不定式 短语 作主语时 为了避免句子的头重脚轻 可以用 it 作形式主语 而把真正的主语 动 词不定式 短语 放在句子的后部 例如上面的句子可以表示为 It is hard to be a doctor It is not easy to learn English well 再如 It s important to plant trees in spring 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的 可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词 for 引导的短语 称为不定式的复合结 构 例 It s good for us to read English aloud in the morning 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的 It is important for students to use English every day 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的 二二 作表语作表语 动词不定式 短语 作表语常用于系词 be 的后面 例 His work is to drive a car 他的工作是开车 My job is to feed animals 我的工作是饲养动物 Her ambition is to be a doctor 她的理想是当医生 三三 作宾语作宾语 动词不定式 短语 可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语 能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有 begin start want forget remember show learn like hate love ask 等 例 I want to tell you a story 我想给你讲个故事 They begin to work at eight every morning 他们每天早晨 8 点开始工作 Don t forget to lock the door 别忘了锁门 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗 如果 and 连接两个动词不定式 第二个动词不定式一般省 to 例 1 He wants to go and have a swim with us 动词不定式动词不定式 2 他想和我们一起去游泳 2 若作宾语的动词不定式 短语 很长 可用 it 作形式宾语 I find it interesting to learn English with you 我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣 He found it hard to catch up with others 他觉得赶上别人很困难 四四 作宾语补足语 作宾语补足语 例如 The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语 The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games 老师常告诉 Jim 不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏 Please let me help you 让我来帮助你 动词不定式作宾语补足语 表示宾语所做的动作 可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 tell ask want like invite encourage help 等 但在 let make see watch hear feel notice have 等感官听 觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号 to 可以归纳为以下三种句式 1 不可以省 to 的不定式作宾语补足语 tell ask want would like wish like invite encourage teach sb to do sth 例 The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow I want you to go now 我想让你现在就走 Her parents wish her to be a teacher 她父母亲希望她当老师 2 省 to 的不定式作宾语补足语 Let make have sb do sth Let the boy go out now 让那个男孩出去 The boy made the baby cry 男孩弄哭了这个小孩 see watch hear notice feel sb do sth I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球 I often hear the girl sing in the next room 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌 3 可省可不省的 help sb to do sth I often help my mother to do housework 我经常帮妈妈做家务 动词不定式的否定式是直接在 to 之前加 not 例 1 Tell them not to play football in the street 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球 2 省 to 的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加 not 例 Let the boy not go 动词不定式动词不定式 3 让那个男孩别走 3 如果将主动语态变为被动语态时 作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语 动词不定式则不省 to 即原来省的再加上 例 The boy made the baby cry The baby was made to cry by the boy 那个孩子被男孩弄哭了 五五 动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词 放于所修饰的词后 为后置定语 例 Who was the first one to arrive 谁第一个到的 She has no paper to write on 她没有纸写字 The best way to learn English is to use it 学英语最好的方法是使用它 When is the best time to plant vegetables 什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间 Do you have something to drink 你这有喝的吗 动词不定式 短语 作定语修饰名词时 与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系 如果不定式中的动词为不及物 动词时 其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词 例 I have no chair to sit on 我没有椅子坐 He has no house to live in 他没有房子住 六六 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语常用在 go come hurry 等不及物动词后 表目的 He went to see his sister yesterday 他昨天去看妹妹了 They got up early to catch the early bus 他们早起去赶早班车 有时可以把不定式 短语 提前 放于句首 表示强调目的 例 To early English quickly and well he went to England 为了更快更好地学英语 他去了英国 七 不定式和疑问词连用 可以作句子的主语 宾语 表语等 例 The problem is where to get a computer 表语 No one knows how to do it 没有人知道如何做这件事 宾 I really don t know which one to choose 宾 我真的不知道选哪一个 When and where to have the party is not known 主语 动词不定式动词不定式 4 何时何地举行联欢还不知道 不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句 例 I don t know what to do next 我不知下一步该做什么 I don t know what I should do next 模拟试题 答题时间 30 分钟 一 选择填空 1 He asked me here earlier A come B to come C coming D came 2 Please tell him on the wall A don t draw B to not draw C not to draw D not draw 3 He wanted a cup of tea A to have B having C have D had 4 I d like a word with you A had B having C to have D have 5 I came here my uncle A saw B to see C seeing D to be seen 6 The man refused 拒绝 back his words A to take B taking C took D takes 7 I can let you one ticket A to have B have C having D had 8 We often heard him in his room A to sing B sings C sang D sing 9 He was made day and night A work B working C to work D worked 10 He stopped a look but saw nothing A having B to have C have D had 11 My father was too angry a word A to say B not to say C to saying D didn t say 12 My brother was old enough to school A went B goes C going D to go 13 It is time him supper A of to have B for to have C of having D for to has 14 It s very kind you me A of to help B for to help C of help D of helping 15 It s important our classroom clean every day A kept B to keep C to give D keep 动词不定式动词不定式 5 16 Before liberation 解放 they had no chance to school A went B go C to go D to be gone 17 He said he had an important meeting A attend B would attend C attending D to attend 18 Please give me a piece of paper A to write B to write on C writing D to write it 19 I don t know A what do B what will do C what to do D do what 20 Your radio needs A to be repaired B to repair C repaired D to repairing 21 My wish is a teacher A becoming B to become C become D became 22 I want him a letter now A to write B not write C write D wrote 23 It took us three days the trees A plant B planted C to plant D plants 24 Why not here me A to come to see B come to see C came seeing D come see 25 He wishes me my best hard at English A to do to work B doing working C to do working D do work 26 Please tell me her I have something her A where to find telling B where to find to tell C where can find to tell D where finding telling 27 How happy they are each other again A to see B see C saw D being seen 28 They decided 决心 a letter their thanks A to write expressing 表达 B writing express C write expressed D to write to express 29 The officer ordered 命令 him down a rest A lying have B to lie to have C to lie having D lie had 30 The headmaster called on 号召 us hard for our country A to work B worked C work D to working 二 根据上句意思完成下句 使两句意思相近或相同 每空一词 1 He was so angry that he couldn t say anything He was too angry anything 2 I don t know when we will have the meeting I don t know when the meeting 3 He said he would write a letter 动词不定式动词不定式 6 He said he would have a letter 4 That you read English in the morning is very important It is very important you English in the morning 5 He was so strong that he could lift the stone 石头 He was strong the stone 6 His father went to Beijing for his holiday His father went to Beijing his holiday 7 They got up early so that they could get there in time They got up early there in time 8 His brother decided that he would buy the book His brother decided the book 9 He hopes that he can visit the Great Wal