06级英语四级材料2-快读-教师版

快速阅读综述快速阅读综述 快速阅读要求考生在非常有限的时间 15 分 内迅速完成字数一千左右文章的任务 在阅读过程中 略过无关信息 筛选有关信息 利用标题 段落 主题句和关键词语 辨 认要点 迅速有效地获取重要信息 其测试目标是英语学习者的阅读技能 浏览速度和查 读能力 它要求学习者扩大阅读范围 增加词汇数量 提高阅读速度 快速阅读也是很重要 的一种阅读形式 要注意以下几点 1 不要读出声 眼睛比嘴巴快 2 留意转折词 3 总体抓结构和大意 4 根据已 有的常识是正确的 但是却不是基于文章 一切以文章为准 主要用于快速阅读的方法有两种 1 1 略读略读 skimming skimming 略读又称跳读 reading and skipping 或浏览 glancing 是一种专门的 非常实用 的快速阅读技能 所谓略读 是指以尽可能快的速读阅读 如同从飞机上鸟瞰 bird s eye view 地面上的明显标志一样 迅速获取文章大意或中心思想 换句话说 略读是要求读 者有选择地进行阅读 可跳过某些细节 以求抓住文章的大概 从而加快阅读速度 阅读时 先把文章粗略地浏览一下 看看文章中是否有自己工作和学习所需要的或自 己感兴趣的资料和信息 然后确定这篇文章是否值得细读 在查找资料时 如果没有充分 时间 而又不需要高度理解时 就可以运用略读技巧 略读可以运用下列技巧 1 要利用印刷细节 typographical details 如书或文章的标题 副标题 小标题 斜体词 黑体词 脚注 标点符号等 对书和文章进行预测略读 preview skimming 预 测略读要了解作者的思路 文章方式 模式 以便把握大意 有关的细节及其相互关系 2 以一般阅读速度 200 250wpm 阅读文章开头的一 二段 力求抓住文章大意 背景情况 作者的文章风格 口吻或语气等 3 阅读段落的主题句和结论句 抓住主题句就掌握了段落大意 然后略去细节不读 以求得略读速度 4 注意转折词和序列词 转折词如 however moreover in addition 等 序列词 firstly secondly 等 2 2 寻读寻读 Scanning Scanning 寻读又称查读 同略读一样 寻读也是一种快速阅读技巧 熟练的读者善于运用寻读 获得具体信息 以提高阅读效率 寻读是一种从大量的资料中迅速查找某一项具体事实或 某一项特定信息 如人物 事件 时间 地点 数字等 而对其它无关部分则略去不读的 快速阅读方法 运用这种方法 读者就能在最短的时间内掠过尽可能多的印刷材料 找到 所需要的信息 例如 在车站寻找某次列车或汽车的运行时刻 在机场寻找某次班机的飞 行时刻 在图书馆查找书刊的目录 在文献中查找某一日期 名字 数字或号码等 都可 以运用这种方法 作为一种快速寻找信息的阅读技巧 寻读既要求速度 又要求寻读的准 确性 题型介绍题型介绍 快速阅读有两种题型 其一 一到七题是 Y N NG 判断题 八到十题是填空题 第二种 又回归传统阅读题型 即 前七题是四选一 和传统阅读题无异 后三题还是填空题 做快速阅读要先看大题目 小标题 或者段首句 再寻找题干中的关键词 然后带着问题 快速阅读文章 Part II Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning 15 minutes Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet I For questions 1 7 mark Y for YES if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage N for NO if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage NG for NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage For questions 8 10 complete the sentences with the information given in the passage Passage 1 Hijacks In recent years a new and serious problem has arisen for international airlines and their passengers This is the relatively new crime of hijacking Once an unheard of event it has now become a common occurrence The number of hijacks is increasing and the governments of the world are becoming more concerned about them On Tuesday September eleventh 2001 many things changed forever in the United States Terrorists hijacked four civilian passenger aircraft All were flights from the eastern United States to California Two hijacked airliners crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center Soon thereafter the Pentagon was struck by the third hijacked plane The fourth hijacked plane suspected to be bound for a high profile target in Washington crashed into a field in southern Pennsylvania The attacks killed more than three thousand U S citizens and other nationals President Bush and Cabinet officials indicated that Usama Bin Laden was the prime suspect and that they considered the United States in a state of war with international terrorism In the aftermath of the attacks the United States formed the Global Coalition against Terrorism When a terrible event like this takes place in the world it is not unusual for the leaders of many countries to express sadness or to offer aid The events of September Eleventh were no different Within hours world leaders offered expressions of shock anger and sympathy These included the leaders of governments that often have political differences with the United States Who are these hijackers The first ones about 20 years ago were usually political refugees individuals who simply wanted to leave their country and fly to another For instance Cubans in America used the hijack technique to get themselves back to Cuba After the plane had taken off the hijacker would force his way into the pilot s cockpit and threaten him with a gun This technique is often successful because there is very little the pilot can do in these circumstances If he refuses to do what the hijacker wants then there is a strong chance that the plane will crash and everyone on board will be killed However more recently there have been serious developments in hijackers Present day hijackers usually have other motives for taking over a plane They do not want simply to fly to another destination they want to use the aircraft and the passengers on board as bargaining points for their political beliefs They tell the world governments that unless their demands are met the plane will be blown up and all the passengers will be killed These hijackers are often members of international terrorist organizations They may want to change the system of government in their own country by using violence or they may have hijacked a plane in order to try and force a government to release members of their organization from prison There is not very much anyone can do once a hijacker is on board an airplane He may be carrying a gun or hand grenades which if used would cause a disaster The only thing to do is try to ensure that these people never get on the plane in the first instance So airlines all over the world have security procedures Before any passenger can get on an airplane at the airport he must go through a series of security checks to make sure he isn t carrying anything that is potentially dangerous or could be used as a weapon on board The security measures vary from airport to airport At some airports there is very little security At other airports the security checks are very strict and it can take up to half an hour to get through them all Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong China has a good security system No aircraft starting its journey from Hong Kong has ever been hijacked At Kai Tak when a passenger first checks in his or her name is matched with the computer list of passengers booked on that particular flight If the name is not recognized the passenger will be taken aside and questioned by security guards and may not be allowed on the plane Next every suitcase is x ray checked before it goes into the plane Any suitcase that seems to have something dangerous in it is not put on the plane Then the hand baggage which the passengers will carry on to the plane is checked Each passenger has to open his or her bag and the security clerk examines the contents Cameras may be opened even babies taken out of their prams and carry cots If there is anything that could be used as a weapon a penknife for example the security staffs take it away and keep it in a safe place on the plane until the flight is over The passenger can then collect it Finally there is a body check of all passengers They must pass through a door where X rays will show if they are carrying anything made of metal like a gun If anything suspicious is found they will be asked to explain At some other airports a security guard will frisk every passenger as well by running his hands over the passenger s body to feel for guns and other weapons It is only after all these checks that a passenger is allowed to board the plane Researchers are divided in their opinions on whether terrorism should be considered a criminal act or a political military act Some researchers think that if one looks at terrorism as a crime there will be a need to gather evidence arrest perpetrators and put them on trial This approach provokes problems of international cooperation and is not a suitable response for acts of terrorism perpetrated by a distant organization or a country involved in terrorism Approaching terrorism as warfare however one can be less concerned with the aspect of individual guilt and an approximate assessment of guilt and intelligence are sufficient The focus is not on a single perpetrator but rather on proper identification of the enemy It s argued that terrorists are in effect criminals and if terrorism related crimes are treated differently than ordinary crimes municipal authorities may employ tougher more stringent tools to gain illegitimate political advantage 1034 words 注意 此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答 8 10 题在答题卡 1 上 1 Hijacking was non existent in the past and is considered to be a new form of crime 2 Bush government considered the United States in a state of war with international terrorism 3 The Cuban hijackers mentioned in the passage hijacked planes in order to get out of Cuba 4 One of the reasons recent hijackers hijack a plane is that they want to exchange the plane for money to meet their financial needs 5 At Kai Tak airport a passenger s name must be consistent with the computer list of passengers booked on that particular flight 6 If a passenger is found carrying anything that could be used as a weapon before boarding the plane it is taken away and kept in a safe place at the airport 7 To frisk a passenger means to search a passenger s body by hand to check for anything suspicious Part II Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning 15 minutes 1 Y N NG 2 Y N NG 3 Y N NG 4 Y N NG 5 Y N NG 6 Y N NG 7 Y N NG 8 Airlines all over the world have to ensure that a hijacker never gets on board a plane 9 At Kai Tak Airport every suitcase is before it goes into the plane 10 If terrorism is regarded as warfare an approximate and intelligence are enough 题解 1 Y 出题点在第一段 In recent years a new and serious problem has arisen for international airlines and their passengers This is the relatively new crime of hijacking Once an unheard of event it has now become a common occurrence 2 Y 出题点在第二段 they considered the United States in a state of war with international terrorism 3 N 出题点在第四段 For instance Cubans in America used the hijack technique to get themselves back to Cuba 4 NG 出题点在第五段 they want to use the aircraft and the passengers on board as bargaining points for their political beliefs They tell the world governments that unless their demands are met the plane will be blown up and all the passengers will be killed These hijackers are often members of international terrorist organizations 而题干 they want to exchange the plane for money to meet their financial needs 文中无此信息 5 Y 出题点在倒数第三段 At Kai Tak when a passenger first checks in his or her name is matched with the computer list of passengers booked on that particular flight 6 N 出题点在倒数第 3 段 If there is anything that could be used as a weapon a penknife for example the security staffs take it away and keep it in a safe place on the plane until the flight is over The passenger can then collect it 7 Y 出题点在倒数第 2 段 At some other airports a security guard will frisk every passenger as well by running his hands over the passenger s body to feel for guns and other weapons 8 security procedures 出题点在第 6 段 The only thing to do is try to ensure that these people never get on the plane in the first instance So airlines all over the world have security procedures 9 X ray checked 出题点在倒数第 3 段 Next every suitcase is x ray checked before it goes into the plane 10 assessment of guilt 出题点在倒数第一段 Approaching terrorism as warfare however one can be less concerned with the aspect of individual guilt and an approximate assessment of guilt and intelligence are sufficient Key 1 Y 2 Y 3 N 4 NG 5 Y 6 N 7 Y 8 security procedures 9 X ray checked 10 assessment of guilt Passage 2 Jobs A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market Affecting the economy are changes in the size age and distribution of the population as well as developments in technology These changes also affect employment opportunities For example an aging population has increased the need for medical care and other health services Computer technology has not only eliminated or changed the nature of many jobs but also created new occupations By analyzing the changing economy and the factors causing these changes a person can forecast or predict future trends in employment A New Labor Force The United States labor force the total number of people over the age of 16 who are employed or are actively seeking work totaled 127 million in 1992 By the year 2005 the labor force is expected to reach 151 million an increase of 19 This increase represents a slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force compared with growth during the previous 13 year period 1979 1992 The slowdown is largely due to slower population growth in the United States The U S labor force will become more diverse by 2005 Non Hispanic men will make up a slightly smaller proportion of the labor force than in 1992 while women and minority group members will make up a larger share Between 1992 and 2005 blacks Hispanics Asians and other ethnic 种族的 groups will account for roughly 35 of all people entering the work force In addition women will continue to join the labor force in growing numbers In 1979 women made up 42 of the labor force By 2005 their share is expected to be 48 The age make up of the U S population will change from 1992 to 2005 There will be a smaller proportion of children and teenagers and a larger proportion of middle aged and older people The decline in the proportion of children and teenagers reflects the lower birth rates of the 1980s and 1990s The large increase in the middle aged population reflects the aging of the baby boom generation people born between 1946 and 1964 The rapid growth of the older population reflects both the high birth rates before the 1930s and improvements in medical technology that are allowing Americans to live longer The changing age make up of the U S population will directly affect tomorrow s work force Young people aged 16 to 24 are expected to make up roughly the same percentage of the labor force in 2005 as they did in 1992 However the percentage of workers aged 25 to 34 will decline dramatically from 28 to 21 The baby boom generation will continue to add members to the work force but their share will decline slightly The most striking change will be a large increase in the percentage of workers between the ages of 45 and 54 These workers will account for 24 of the labor force in 2005 up from 18 in 1992 Workers in this age group usually have more employment experience than younger workers Thus employers will be able to choose from a larger pool of experienced applicants people seeking jobs in coming years Education A Prerequisite 先决条件先决条件 for Employment The education level of the labor force has risen dramatically in recent years In 1980 for example 19 of all workers aged 25 and older had completed four years of college In 1992 27 had a bachelor s degree or higher The trend toward higher educational achievement is expected to continue From 1992 to 2005 employment growth will be faster for occupations requiring higher levels of education or training than for those requiring less Managerial professional and technical positions will make up an increasing proportion of new jobs that become available Office and factory automation changes in consumer demand and the movement of factories overseas will continue to affect job opportunities Employment in jobs requiring little formal education may decline They may also stagnate or stay the same making job opportunities for people who have not finished high school increasingly limited In addition those workers will be more likely to have low paying jobs with little opportunity for advancement Goods Vs Services Today industries providing services employ more people than those providing goods Currently about 21 of the labor force is employed in goods producing industries such as mining manufacturing and construction About 79 of the United States workers are employed in service producing industries such as health care education transportation communications and banking Economists forecast a continued increase in the number of jobs in service producing industries By 2005 service jobs are expected to make up 82 of the job market Employment Trends in Goods Producing Industries Overall employment in goods producing industries is expected to show little change between 1992 and 2005 However growth will vary among industries with some industries experiencing an increase in jobs and others experiencing a decrease Employment in the construction industry for example is expected to increase 26 from 4 5 million in 1992 to 5 6 million in 2005 The need to improve the nation s roads bridges and tunnels will offset 补偿 the declining demand for new homes and office buildings Also after declining for many years overall employment in farming forestry and fishing is projected to grow by 14 from 1 7 million to 2 million jobs Jobs in other goods producing industries will continue to decline For example employment in manufacturing is expected to decrease by 3 from its 1992 level of 18 million jobs Most of the jobs that will disappear will be production jobs as machines continue to replace people However the number of professional and technical positions in manufacturing will increase Mining employment which includes the petroleum industry is expected to decline 11 by 2005 from 631 000 to 562 000 jobs 972 words 1 The article deals with the future employment trends in the US 2 Slower population increase is largely responsible for the slight slowdown in the growth of the labor force 3 Women and minority group members will make up a smaller proportion of the labor force by 2005 4 The large increase in the middle aged population reflects that the baby boom generation is becoming old 5 The most obvious change will be a large decrease in the percentage of middle aged workers 6 In occupations requiring higher levels of education people will have more prospects of getting employment 7 People with a doctor s degree will earn much more than before Part II Reading Comprehension Skimming and Scanning 15 minutes 1 Y N NG 2 Y N NG 3 Y N NG 4 Y N NG 5 Y N NG 6 Y N NG 7 Y N NG 8 Baby boom generation refers to people who were born 9 Now more people are employed in than in those providing goods 10 As machines continue to many production jobs will disappear 题解 1 Y 本题考文章的中心思想 主要出题点在第一段 A person planning for a career today must look carefully at the expected occupational trends and changes in the job market By analyzing the changing econo