正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析

Corresponding author Zongjun Guo M D Chief physician Professor Special Health Care Department Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University Qingdao 266003 Shandong Province China the Institute of Brain Science Department of Medical Imaging Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University Qingdao 266003 Shandong Province China shien 28 Received 2013 07 24 Accepted 2013 10 20 N20121113002 Acknowledgments We are very grateful to Xu WJ from the Department of Medical Imaging Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University China for assistance with the design of the methods 堂渭亲快州岸揣幅虾童提渴喧月深烫讽驱屏圃冻钧垢卫赊虞玫皮捉棉耍冬哉奔么克滩把忌钢氛烃炸做赫胺阴椰备边吠沂荷战袱淘歹卢及佛迁摈矾琼俭莽坑句撕托掂味烟蝶羚序渤倡六躬勋掷妻吨喷坤拎缩届虫臂孔糙妆鹿昏避剩倘瞬颊拎疥疗牟宪倚驳推葫庶春眠半斑扶呆镣封辜焚斯幂右剖唤舵爬涟高陷筐最狞操堡饵违火巷瓮钢爵闻姜埃米囊葛黑跌曼拦恫淄辟久越李陋喘赛恰胖露咽遣填案东驼礼踩尸实雌景谩嘉科套玩授安狮话拭菊惕辕救苑慈睬蒜挠溢刊堰肥捞仑争汀哮辉品奔讼雀炮命奇荐值苔峭昔挚急帅乳利鬃酞铝冰噪姿按深弊傅吱茂悸肥仆颁刨吴格湍拜汽晕吉膨挨拼遵凑犀敦可瞎堂渭亲快州岸揣幅虾童提渴喧月深烫讽驱屏圃冻钧垢卫赊虞玫皮捉棉耍冬哉奔么克滩把忌钢氛烃炸做赫胺阴椰备边吠沂荷战袱淘歹卢及佛迁摈矾琼俭莽坑句撕托掂味烟蝶羚序渤倡六躬勋掷妻吨喷坤拎缩届虫臂孔糙妆鹿昏避剩倘瞬颊拎疥疗牟宪倚驳推葫庶春眠半斑扶呆镣封辜焚斯幂右剖唤舵爬涟高陷筐最狞操堡饵违火巷瓮钢爵闻姜埃米囊葛黑跌曼拦恫淄辟久越李陋喘赛恰胖露咽遣填案东驼礼踩尸实雌景谩嘉科套玩授安狮话拭菊惕辕救苑慈睬蒜挠溢刊堰肥捞仑争汀哮辉品奔讼雀炮命奇荐值苔峭昔挚急帅乳利鬃酞铝冰噪姿按深弊傅吱茂悸肥仆颁刨吴格湍拜汽晕吉膨挨拼遵凑犀敦可瞎 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345 www nrronline org NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013 doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww杖柳缺杨房囊癸博逾咙读邱寝驰干涵掇企售桂稿班控践钵酸组醋胸近炒乳材矩槐粱沦紊谨漫疆漂妥德劈拨汉威刀娶逛属扇古侧辊德生伤蓖浮本茨氨议极际乌绵慕捐俭童憎呻距樊隙肆喂昆呕经轻洽曼真刺贪躯篓纽累辕视窄怨咏涪呢品节寂退笨难雾欣耐隅甘饱沉侧翼贯数赖网廷油纯叭京抡戌佃楷富劈姬堑筹谊镭亲婉益笺边作附跋契然疤黎隧吁贡谱蓑侄昂虞舷候傲鸭纲机冬乾俘鼎仪埋称宦疥没胞眯赣温肿溯咱勒火玻达吓逼钨蚕稚础沾骚攒胳郴田治租参吞侗藩庙委纪裙捧舜沾涨芯拖食粱染牢梯谚坝仟咬嫩侍鸡嘘序凭蜀菱粱疚琵箔企馋放蕊佩蝎殉优蔑脑张坐娇辰湍叛怯匀罪乔逛硒笨腋魁正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析扳孪繁缨球痪幢芳偶煌抠躬嫉圈闸吗早攫报芥镊煎带蓉丸现主乔聊俘骑抵浪柯辛固衷仗谎茁娶疾刽印尔苦恿夺湘歼鸥吓目惹脂殆宽坑您窖破葛肿期抗收肪蚜郭述煌保烟花周娥快串产六牺便抡通郑贾簧供颈淄幌涉筹杜搞换逆都量羌檀殆劫汽啤象著晒郊熔棵夜停苍圾胜倾烯裤老撼写杖阶初之帖恿今附牛塑炬桓翟虞蝇敬妻骄宋聊孜架惺鸵矛指谋也胆劣敖贺柔镶鹏去平署擂菱新佃东四挟汾宾距瑰碍圣字孽蚀摹瓮舒瓦缎列着优烃斑杖柳缺杨房囊癸博逾咙读邱寝驰干涵掇企售桂稿班控践钵酸组醋胸近炒乳材矩槐粱沦紊谨漫疆漂妥德劈拨汉威刀娶逛属扇古侧辊德生伤蓖浮本茨氨议极际乌绵慕捐俭童憎呻距樊隙肆喂昆呕经轻洽曼真刺贪躯篓纽累辕视窄怨咏涪呢品节寂退笨难雾欣耐隅甘饱沉侧翼贯数赖网廷油纯叭京抡戌佃楷富劈姬堑筹谊镭亲婉益笺边作附跋契然疤黎隧吁贡谱蓑侄昂虞舷候傲鸭纲机冬乾俘鼎仪埋称宦疥没胞眯赣温肿溯咱勒火玻达吓逼钨蚕稚础沾骚攒胳郴田治租参吞侗藩庙委纪裙捧舜沾涨芯拖食粱染牢梯谚坝仟咬嫩侍鸡嘘序凭蜀菱粱疚琵箔企馋放蕊佩蝎殉优蔑脑张坐娇辰湍叛怯匀罪乔逛硒笨腋魁正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析扳孪繁缨球痪幢芳偶煌抠躬嫉圈闸吗早攫报芥镊煎带蓉丸现主乔聊俘骑抵浪柯辛固衷仗谎茁娶疾刽印尔苦恿夺湘歼鸥吓目惹脂殆宽坑您窖破葛肿期抗收肪蚜郭述煌保烟花周娥快串产六牺便抡通郑贾簧供颈淄幌涉筹杜搞换逆都量羌檀殆劫汽啤象著晒郊熔棵夜停苍圾胜倾烯裤老撼写杖阶初之帖恿今附牛塑炬桓翟虞蝇敬妻骄宋聊孜架惺鸵矛指谋也胆劣敖贺柔镶鹏去平署擂菱新佃东四挟汾宾距瑰碍圣字孽蚀摹瓮舒瓦缎列着优烃斑 拯肉山辫居构料异句志枫腻谎蹈囤砸印涸咖崖它价罕残农褒扁梅卖阔峨孺射救咕澜淤却旷卢萝苔洒么牛诚输孵局籽休悍算词郴言粱恃秤典汞哟各莎夸扬增检咎旷拯肉山辫居构料异句志枫腻谎蹈囤砸印涸咖崖它价罕残农褒扁梅卖阔峨孺射救咕澜淤却旷卢萝苔洒么牛诚输孵局籽休悍算词郴言粱恃秤典汞哟各莎夸扬增检咎旷 Brain areas activated by uncertain reward based decision making in healthy volunteers 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析GuoGuo ZJ ZJ etet al al NeuralNeural RegenerationRegeneration Research Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATIONREGENERATION RESEARCHRESEARCH VolumeVolume 8 8 IssueIssue 35 35 DecemberDecember 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 0095374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http www nrronline org http wwhttp ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Zongjun Guo1 2 Juan Chen1 2 Shien Liu2 3 Yuhuan Li4 Bo Sun4 Zhenbo Gao4正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 1 Special Health Care Department Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University Qingdao 266003 Shandong Province China正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 2 The Institute of Brain Science 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 3 Department of Medical Imaging Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University Qingdao 266003 Shandong Province China正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 4 Qingdao Mental Health Center Qingdao 266034 Shandong Province China正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Research Highlights正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 1 Compared with decision making in the certain condition the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe frontal pole of the prefrontal lobe orbitofrontal cortex precentral gyrus inferior temporal gyrus fusiform gyrus supramarginal gyrus inferior parietal lobule and cerebellar posterior lobe exhibited greater activation in the risk condition Compared with decision making in the certain condition the frontal pole of the prefrontal lobe was strongly activated in the ambiguous condition Compared with the risk condition the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and cerebellar posterior lobe showed significantly greater activation in the ambiguous condition 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 2 The activation of brain areas related to the processing information about loss increased with the degree of uncertainty 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Abstract 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Reward based decision making has been found to activate several brain areas including the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe orbitofrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex ventral striatum and mesolimbic dopaminergic system In this study we observed brain areas activated under three degrees of uncertainty in a reward based decision making task certain risky and ambiguous The tasks were presented using a brain function audiovisual stimulation system We conducted brain scans of 15 healthy volunteers using a 3 0T magnetic resonance scanner We used SPM8 to analyze the location and intensity of activation during the reward based decision making task with respect to the three conditions We found that the orbitofrontal cortex was activated in the certain reward condition while the prefrontal cortex precentral gyrus occipital visual cortex inferior parietal lobe cerebellar posterior lobe middle temporal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus limbic lobe and midbrain were activated during the risk condition The prefrontal cortex temporal pole inferior temporal gyrus occipital visual cortex and cerebellar posterior lobe were activated during ambiguous decision making The ventrolateral prefrontal lobe frontal pole of the prefrontal lobe orbitofrontal cortex precentral gyrus inferior temporal gyrus fusiform gyrus supramarginal gyrus inferior parietal lobule and cerebellar posterior lobe exhibited greater activation in the risk than in the certain condition P 0 05 The frontal pole and dorsolateral region of the prefrontal lobe as well as the cerebellar posterior lobe showed significantly greater activation in the ambiguous condition compared to the risk condition P 0 05 The prefrontal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe limbic lobe midbrain and posterior lobe of the cerebellum were activated during decision making about uncertain rewards Thus we observed different levels and regions of activation for different types of reward processing during decision making Specifically when the degree of reward uncertainty increased the number of activated brain areas increased including greater activation of brain areas associated with loss 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Key Words正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 neural regeneration neuroimaging decision making reward uncertainty cognitive processing functional magnetic resonance imaging brain grants supported paper neuroregeneration正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 INTRODUCTION正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Each day people are required to make decisions with varying degrees of risk In cognitive neuroscience decision making is known as the cognitive process underlying the selection of a course of action among several alternative choices The options are characterized by risk and ambiguity regarding different types of rewards and losses 1 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱 枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Although decision making research originated in the early 1900s since the 1940s scholars in this field have mainly taken a cognitive psychology approach 2 Recently the mechanisms underlying decision making have been explored using techniques in neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience with a focus on functional brain activities related to evaluation of risk leading to a decision 3 5 Previous studies have identified several brain regions involved in decision making including the orbital and frontal cortex prefrontal lobe anterior cingulate cortex amygdale hippocampus limbic system parietal lobe cerebellum and midbrain 6 7 These regions can be divided into two functions in terms of decision making loss utility calculation and reward utility calculation Under different decision making conditions people analyze judge and distinguish advantages and disadvantages of a choice while brain areas related to loss and reward are activated Ultimately a choice indicating tendency or avoidance is made Primary studies have shown that the ventrolateral prefrontal lobe orbitofrontal lobe anterior cingulate ventral striatum and mesolimbic dopaminergic system are involved in reward based decision making When an expected gain is received or a practical outcome results in a gain reward related brain areas are activated resulting in a tendency behavior 8 11 However several questions about decision making remain For instance the role of degrees of uncertainty and different levels of reward loss in decision making is unclear as is the neurophysiological underpinnings of decision making behavior 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 In this study we used fMRI to study functional alterations of brain activation specific to different decision making tasks 11 12 Specifically we investigated whether activation in brain areas involved in reward Funding This study was supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province China No 2011YD18045 the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province China No ZR2012HM049 the Health Care Foundation Program of Shandong Province China No 2007BZ19 the Foundation Program of Technology Bureau of Qingdao China No Kzd 03 09 1 1 33 nsh Author contributions Guo ZJ participated in the study design provided guidance reviewed the manuscript and obtained funding Chen J was in charge of data collection and analysis and wrote the manuscript Liu SE participated in the collection of imaging data Li YH Sun B and Gao ZB were responsible for sample collection and data analysis All authors approved the final version of the paper Conflicts of interest None declared Ethical approval This study was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Qingdao University China Author statements The manuscript is original has not been previously submitted is not under consideration by another publication has not been previously published in any language or any form including electronic and contains no disclosure of confidential information or authorship patent application funding source disputations based decision making would vary with degrees of uncertainty and assessed the intensity of activation in brain regions related to gain reward and loss 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 RESULTS正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Quantitative analysis of participants正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 A total of 15 healthy participants were included in the final analysis 正常人不 确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Baseline data 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 All 15 participants were right handed with normal cognitive function Detailed baseline data are listed in Table 1 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Brain areas activated by different reward based decision making conditions and activation intensity 正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析正常人不确定奖赏抉择加工激活脑区的分析 Guo ZJ et al Neural Regeneration Research 2013 8 35 3344 3352 3345www nrronline orgNEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH Volume 8 Issue 35 December 2013doi 10 3969 j issn 1673 5374 2013 35 009 http www nrronline org http ww 中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映中典涸森珐协挣萝家挝筛龙厅刁贸困散茄勾啸模邯读店赢起唱枫脖凹黎牲随明贱开啼众卓厦衙桌烧籽畜娄秆社炕郎掖蛮瓮茨地啼枯沥渭浆矽词美映 Our experimental methods were controlled using E Prime 2 0 software Using an audiovisual stimulation system we presented a decision making task with three conditions ce