新版新目标英语八年级下册unit1知识点总结

Unit 1 what s the matter Section A 1 What s the matter 怎么啦 出什么事情了 1 matter n 问题 事情 What s the matter with you What s the trouble with you What s wrong with you 你怎么了 matter 和 trouble 为名词 其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词 wrong 是 adj 不能加 the 用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦 问题其后跟询问对象时 与介词 with 连用 What s the matter with sb What s your trouble What s up What happens to sb 2 matter v 要紧 有关系 用于否定句或疑问句中 It doesn t matter 没关系 用来回答别人道歉时的用语 Does it matter if I m a little late 3 as a matter of fact in fact 事实上 实际上 2 foot feet 脚 tooth teeth 牙齿 3 have a an 疾病名词 患 病 cold fever cough have a cold catch a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧 have a sore throat 喉咙疼 have a sore back 背疼 have a stomachache 胃痛 have a toothache 牙痛 have a headache 头痛 have a backache 背痛 have a earache 耳朵痛 4 back n 背 背部 at the back of 在 的后面 adv 回原处 往回去 go come back 返回 give back 归还 5 hand n 手 hand in hand 手拉手 v 交给 传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发 6 too much 不可数名词 太多的 修饰动词 放在动词之后 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes much too 形 副 实在太 极其 非常 too many 可数名词复数 太多的 7 enough 1 adj 足够的 充分的 修饰名词时 可放在名词之前或之后 enough time 2 adv 足够地 十分 相当 修饰 adj adv 放在 adj adv 后 expensive enough 3 be adj enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box 8 with prep 1 具有 带有 表示某物带有或具有某种特征 反 without hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶 tea with sugar 加糖的茶 coffee with sugar 加糖的咖啡 China is a country with a long history She is a girl with long hair 2 prep 和 一起 talk with sb I like to talk freely with my friends 3 prep 用 使用某种工具 Cut it with a knife Write with a pen 4 状语 He came in with a big smile 9 What should she do 她该怎么办呢 Should I take my temperature 我应该量一下体温吗 should 应该 情态动词 后跟动词原形 表示责任和义务 should not shouldn t 不应该 主语 should shouldn t 动词原形 take one s temperature 量体温 10 need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词 need 情态动词 仅用于否定结构和疑问句或 if whether 引导的宾语从句态动词 1 need sth 需要某物 I need your help 2 人做主语 sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water 3 物做主语 sth need doing sth sth need to be done 表被动 4 needn t don t have to 没有必要 must need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用 Must I hand it in today No you You can do it tomorrow A mustn t B can t C needn t Must I finish my homework now No you You can go home now A needn t B mustn t C shouldn t D can t Must I start now No you A mustn t B can t C needn t Need I go to school Yes you must No you needn t 11 I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了 without doing sth 没有做某事 没做某事 I let the day away without doing anything at all 我一点事也没干就让一天过去了 The storm passed off without doing much damage 暴风雨过去了 没有造成多大灾害 12 lie lai v lay lei 躺 平躺 lie lay lain v 躺 卧 现在分词 lying lie lied lied v 撒谎 现在分词 lying lay laid laid v 下蛋 产卵 现在分词 laying lie down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息 13 neck n 颈 脖子 neck and neck 不分上下 势均力敌 hurt v 使痛 受伤 表示肉体感到疼痛或不适 使用时应用疼痛的具体部位作主语 My leg hurts 14 see saw seen v 看见 see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生 强调整个过程 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 强调动作正在发生 15 along down 相同点 prep 顺着 沿着 不同点 along 强调顺着水平方向 down 指 沿着 下坡或者往南走 16 get on get off 上下大型交通工具 bus train plane get into get out of 进入 出来 小型交通工具 car taxi lift get up 起床 get back 回来 取回 get over 克服 度过 get on along well with 与 相处融洽 get in a word 插话 get to 到达 17 have to 客观需要 don t have to 不需要 must 主观必要 mustn t 不准 禁止 have to 多种时态 有单三 18 surprise 1 v 使吃惊 surprising adj 令人吃惊的 surprised adj 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me be surprised at 对 感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised that 从句 因 而惊讶 2 n 惊讶 to one s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 to one s joy disappointment satisfacation 19 agree v 反 disagree agreement n 同意 1 agree with sb 同意某人 I agree with you 2 agree to do sth 同意做某事 3 agree on sth 20 thanks to 多亏 由于 1 thanks to 习语介词 thanks 不可改为 thank you to 后也不接动词原形 to 表示感谢的对象 2 thanks for 因 而感谢 for 强调为何而感谢 其后可接名词或 v ing 3 Thanks thank you 21 on time 准时 in time 及时 on time at exactly the right time 准时 在规定的时间之内 强调与某个时刻一致 in time with enough time to spare not late 及时 恰在时间点上 表示动作在规定时间内或比规定时间 提前发生 at times sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到 时候 for the first time 第一次 It s time to do sth It s time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间 s at once 立刻 马上 on time 按时 by accident 偶然 at present 目前 现在 22 trouble tr bl n 问题 苦恼 get into trouble 造成麻烦 或烦恼 be in trouble 处于困境中 have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难 That is a monkey on his back Let s help him C 沉重负担 A He has a monkey B He likes playing with the monky C He is in trouble D He is good at studying 23 反身代词 1 反身代词的构成 第一 二人称的反身代词构成 形容词性物主代词 self selves 构成 单数myselfyourself 复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成 第三人称宾格 self selves 单数 himselfherselfitself 复数 themselves 2 反身代词的常见搭配 enjoy oneself have fun have a good time 玩得高兴 teach oneself learn by oneself 自学 by oneself alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍 3 反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致 24 fall fell fallen v 落下 跌落 fall down 摔倒 强调滑倒 摔倒 指失去平衡而摔倒 后接宾语时 应加上介词 from She fell down from her bike fall off 指从某物上跌落下来 The girl fell off the bike The girl fell down from the b ike fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb 爱上某人 fall asleep 入睡 Section B 1 feel sick 生病 不舒服 sick ill adj 生病的 1 sick adj 生病的 既可放 be 系动词 后作表语 也可放 n 前作定语 be sick of 讨厌 厌恶 sick person patient 病人 2 ill adj 生病的 只能放 be 系动词 后作表语 be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n 病 疾病 2 be interested in interest 1 n 兴趣 interesting adj 令人有兴趣的 表语 定语 interested adj 对 感兴趣 只做表语 2 interest v 引起 关注 使 感兴趣 be interested in sth doing sth 对 变得感兴趣 show great interest in sth doing sth 表现出对 的极大兴趣 3 take have an interest in be interested in 对 感兴趣 4 places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣 3 as prep 作为 以 身份 4 be used to doing 习惯于 做 适应于 做 1 use v 使用 useful adj 有用的 use up 用完 2 use sth to do sth 用某物做某事 3 used to do sth 过去常常做某事 表示过去做过的事现在已经不做 只用于过去时态 4 be get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 5 be used to do sth 被用来做某事 be used for doing sth 5 one of 之一 one of the adj 最高级 n 复数 做主语 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 One of the most popular colors is red in China 6 hit hit v hit hit 用手或器具击 打 hit sb 击中 撞到某人 The ball hit him in the face 7 almost nearly adv 差不多 几乎 将近 都是程度副词 可以用来修饰形容词 副词 动词和名词 有时它们可以相互取代 8 lose lost lost v 失去 lose one s life 失去生命 9 because of 由于 因为 跟句子时用 because 加名词短语时用 because of 词性 用法 because 连词后接句子 because of 介词短语后接名词或 ving 1 because of n ving 代词宾格 用于句中 She s worried because of her son 2 because conj 从句 引导原因状语从句 3 because 还可以回答 why 引导的句子 4 because 和 so 不能一起连用 二者只能用其一 10 on 修饰具体的某一天 on a Sunday morning on Friday 11 find found found v 寻找 1 find sb do