高一英语下学期16单元重难点解释.doc

Unit 16 一、重难点讲解1Why should students be careful smelling from bottles? 为什么学生在闻瓶中气味时要当心？ be careful doing的意思是“做某事仔细或小心”，be careful后面常跟with，in，about等介词短语，也可跟to do或从句。例如：People should be more careful about the things they say.大家对自己说的话应该很谨慎。Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.要小心把药放在安全的地方，不要让小孩拿到。Please be very careful with those plates! 那些盘子，要十分小心。2What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes? 如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？“be+ to do”结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能性、命中注定等。例如：We are to meet at the school gate. 我们约定在校门口碰头。（安排）You are to be back by 10 oclock. 你得在10点钟前回来。（命令）A knife is to cut with. 刀是用来切割的。（用途）They were never to meet again.他们注定以后永远不再见面。（命中注定）不定式的被动式用于当逻辑主语是不定式动作的接受者。再如：Do you want to be taught German？ 你想让人教你德语吗？3More roads and trains mean more pollution.更多的路和火车意味着更多的污染。试比较：mean to do sth. 打算干某事 mean doing sth. 意味着I dont mean to argue with you. 我不打算跟你吵架。Passing the entrance exam means being admitted into college.通过了高考意味着被大学录取。4It is fast and clean and it doesnt make any noise as planes do. 它既快又清洁而不像飞机那样制造噪音。make a noise 吵闹、喧哗、制造噪音。例如：Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.Dont make so much noise. 不要大声喧哗。as在这里作连词用，意思为“像一样”，如：She is a fine singer，as her mother used to.像她妈妈过去一样，她是个很好的歌手。5We should make more use of this new technology. 我们应该更好地利用这种新技术。make use of利用，use前不用冠词，但可以加上某些形容词。如：make good use of好好利用make full use of充分利用make the best use of充分利用make little use of 不充分利用6It is good for the economy、那对经济（发展）有好处。be good for作“对有好处”；“对有益”。例如：Milk is good for you. 牛奶对你健康有益。It is not good for children to give them everything they want.孩子要什么就给什么，这对他们并无益处。比较：be good to sb.（对友善）。例如：This boss is good to his employees, especially when they are ill.这位老板对他的雇员很好，尤其是当他们生病时。be good at（擅长于）。例如：The children is good at language study.这孩子擅长语言学习。7In the 18th century，Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.十八世纪，本杰明弗兰克林做了一系列实验，以证明电是什么。In June 1752，I wanted to show that lighting and electricity are the same.1752年6月，我要证明闪电和电是一回事。一般来说，从句的动词时态与主句的动词时态保持一致，也就是说，如果主句中用过去时，从句一般也用过去范畴的时态。但是如果从句表达的是一种真理或客观事实，使用一般现在时。“做实验”的各种说法：do an experimentmake an experimentperform an experimentconduct an experimentcarry out an experimentconduct作为及物动词，作“指导，引导；指挥（乐团、乐曲）；经营，管理”。如He conducted me around the museum. 他领我参观了博物馆。He conducted the orchestra. 他指挥管弦乐团。The manager conducted his business carefully.这个经理谨慎地管理着他的业务。a number of表示“很多的，大量的”，后接可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数形式。而the number of则表示“的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。如：A number of children play games online. 很多孩子在网上玩游戏。The number of cars is increasing year by year.骄车的数量在逐年增长。8Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning，I decided to do an experiment.意识到我能用风筝来吸引闪电，我决定做一个实验。having realised是现在分词的完成式，在句中作状语，表示其动作发生在主句的谓语动作之前，相当于when I had realized that，再如：Having answered the letter，she went on to listen to the radio.回完了信，她开始接着听收音机。Having been praised at the meeting，the girl felt very happy.在会上受到了表扬，这个女孩感到非常高兴。9The string was getting charged. 细线开始带电！charge作及物动词，作“使充满，饱含”。如：Hes charging a battery. 他正在为蓄电池充电。“get+过去分词”表示“被（受）”。get用在表示动作的动词过去分词之前表被动语态，它强调该动作和其所造成主语状态的变化。如：He got lost in the forest. 他在森林里迷路了。The audience got confused. 观众被搞糊涂了。10I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.当时我开始认为这项实验行不通。work的意思是“起作用；产生影响；行得通；奏效”。例如：The medicine seems to be working. 药好像起作用了。Will your method work? 你的方法行吗？比较begin to do与begin doing：1）begin后跟to do或doing，含义上没有多少差异。如果谈论一个长期的习惯动作开始养成时，更加常用begin doing。例如：How old were you when you first began playing the piano?2）当begin后面跟的是understand，realize，see，know，think等动词时，用begin to do。例如：She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.经过重新考虑后，她开始认为她错了。3）当begin用于进行时态时，其后跟to do。如：Mary is beginning to do her homework.4）当主语是物或用于描述天气变化时，其后跟to do如：The water began to boil. 水开始开了。It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不觉地天黑下来了。11This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same. 这个实验证明闪电与电相同的。prove作为及物动词，当“证明，证实”讲，如：The facts prove that he is a brave fighter.（prove + that从句）事实证明他是一个勇敢的战士。He has proved his courage in the battle.（prove + n）在战斗中已经证明了他的勇气。He proved himself to be a capable general.（prove+宾语+宾补）他证明自己是一位有能力的将军。prove还可作系动词，后接形容词或名词作表语，意为“证明是”。如：The method proved（to be）effective. 这种办法证明是有效的。He proved a successful manager. 他证明是一位成功的经理。12Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.给风筝框上加上条尾巴并在中心架上系一条细线这样就能控制风筝了。add作为及物动词，意为“加，增加”如：The fire is out，will you please add some wood?火要灭了，请你添些木柴好吗？addto意为“在放（加）”如：If you add some salt to the soup，it will taste better.如果你在汤里放些盐，汤的味道会更好些。add to = increase增加，增添。如：This visit will greatly add to our understanding of our country.这次访问将大大增加我们对贵国的了解。add up to合计，总计。如：His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.他所受的学校教育加起来不到一年。tieto解释“把绑在（系到）上”。如：The farmer tied the horse to a tree. 这个农夫把马拴在一棵树上。13Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.注意不要让长线碰到墙壁或门。take care常用于以下结构：take care of（爱护；照顾）。例如：She urged me to take care of myself. 她力劝我保重自己。She stayed at home to take care of the baby. 她留在家里照顾婴儿。take care that（小心；注意）。例如：Take care that you dont spoil your clothes.当心不要把衣服弄脏。二、词语辨析1electric，electrical这两个词都是“电的”意思。不同的是：electric指“由电产生的”或“带电的装置”；而“electrical”指“有关电学方面的”。an electric clock/light/iron/wire电子钟/电灯/电熨斗/电线electrical engineering电工学an electrical engineer 电力工程师2pull，draw，dragpull是个普通用语，意为“用力拉”，指使物体朝着发出力的方向移动，不强调移动的方式。Mother pulled me by the hand. 妈妈拉着我的手。Pull the door open. Dont push it. 把门拉开，别推。draw与pull意思接近，通常指“拖、拉”的动作比pull更均匀、平稳，从容Out of the package he drew a paper and gave it to my father.他从小包里抽出一份文件递给我父亲。After some time，he began to draw the net in.过了一些时候，他开始收网。dra