2014中考英语：重点单词、短语用法归类.doc

/ 2014中考英语：重点单词、短语用法归类 1 . cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事 ： It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time （in）doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth . 某人花钱买某物 ： sb spend some money on sth . = sb pay some money for sth . = sth cost sb . some money . spend 和 pay 主语都是人， cost 主语是物。 spent 还可以指“度过” How did you spend your weekend ? The sweater _ me 90 yuan . = I _ 90 yuan for the sweater .=I _ 90 yuan on the sweater . He spent lots of money _ the mobile phone . It _ her 20 minutes to go home every day . = He _ 20 minutes _ home every day . 2 . thanks for为而感谢 _ inviting me to your birthday party .thanks to 多亏/由于 _ your help .I got good grades . 3 . 感叹句 ：多么 what + 名词 how + 形容词 / 副词 . _ bad weather ！ . _ hard he works ！ . _ fresh vegetables ！ . _ cute a monkey it is ！ 4 . 因为、由于 ： because( 连词 ) +从句： ( 表示原因 ) because of（介词短语） + 名词（短语 ）= thanks to I didnt go to school _ I had a headache . He was late for class _ the bad weather . He cant come _ he is ill . Many people have a cold _ the cold weather . because和 so不能同时连用 . 5 . 来自 ： be from = come from Where are you from ? = Where _ you _ _ ? He is from Tibet . = He _ _ Tibet . 6 . How often 对频率提问 （ 多久一次） 回答用表示频率的副词或短语 How long 对一段时间提问 （多久 ） 回答用表示一段时间的状语 How soon 对将来时间提问 （ 多久 ） 回答用 in+时间段 How far 询问多长距离（多长） - _ have you been collecting the kites ? -For ten years .- _ do you go shopping ? -Sometimes. - _ will your father come back ? - In two years . - _ do you exercise ? - Once a week . - _ is it from your home to school ? - About ten miles . - _ are you staying there ? - Two weeks . 7 . 乘交通工具 ： take a / the +交通工具 在句中作谓语 by+交通工具= on a 交通工具 在句中作方式状语交通工具有：train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane He takes a bus to bank .= He goes to bank by bus . = He goes to bank on a bus . I walk to school . = I go to school _ . 骑自行车、马或驴用ride ： ride ones bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey in ones car 8 . 对不起 ： Excuse me （劳驾，客套话 ） Sorry ( 表示道歉 ) _ .Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ? Would you mind cleaning your room ? - _ . Ill do it right away .- Dont eat in class . - _ . Ms Clark . _ , is this the way to the station ? 9 . 声音 ： sound ( 自然界各种声音 ) noise（噪音） voice（悦耳的声音：嗓子） Lucy has a sweet _ . That _ like a good idea . Dont make _ . The baby is sleeping . 10 . look like (外貌看起来像 ) be like （ 性格像 ） Lily _ _ Lucy . Oh , they are twins . Tony _ _ a monkey because he is cute and playful . 11 . take to 带去 bring to 带来 fetch 没有方向性（强调来回） Tony . _ the ball here .Please . My father often _ me _ concerts on Sundays . _ your homework _ school tomorrow . 12. 一些 ： some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 Id like _ milk . Would you like _ yogurt ? _ Thanks . I dont want _ . 在一般疑问句中，认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到对方肯定回答时，也用some . 13. 多少 ： How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 _ juice do you want ? _ apples do you want ? - _ is the T-shirt ? Its 30 yuan . How much 可对价钱提问：How much are the potatoes ? 14 看 ：see 强调看的结果 look ( at ) 不及物动词，强调看的动作 watch 观看：比赛、电视、表演、电影 read 读，朗读：看书、看报、看信、看杂志 Dont _ in bed . We will _ a basketball game this evening . Please _ the blackboard . Everyone . I _ a bird in the tree yesterday . On Saturday night . I saw an interesting talk show . On Saturday evening . several kids watched a movie . watch a movie =go to a movie 15. stop doing sth 停止做某事 Please stop talking . stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 The girl soon stopped _ (cry ) . He was tired and stopped _ (have ) a rest . 16. forget / remember后接不定式表示未发生的动作：forget / remember to do sth（忘记/记得去做某事） He forgot to turn off the light .(没有做关灯的动作) Remember to go to the post office after school . forget / remember 后接ving表示已发生的动作：forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得做过某事） He forgot turning off the light . (已做过关灯的动作) Dont you remember seeing the man before ?17. 到达 reach + 地点 get to + 地点 reach = get to arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 He reached London yesterday . = He _ to London yesterday . = He _ in London yesterday . She arrived _ the bus station just now . You should _ ( get ) home on time . 当get to和 arrive at /in后接地点副词时，都不加介词。如：get home get there 省略 to 18. 擅长，在方面做得好 ： be good at = do well in . She is good at chemistry . = She _ _ _ chemistry . Niuniu is good at _ the violin . = Niuniu _ well in _ the violin . Lucy and Lily are twin girls .Lucy is better _ dancing than Lily .but Lily _ _ in singing than Lucy . 19. win （ 赢得 ）接a game、 war 、a match、 a prize beat( 打败、战胜 )接运动员、球队、对手等。 Which team _ the football match ? Wang Hao _ Ma Lin and _ the champion of the Mens Singles . 20. 借 borrow sth . from sb = borrow sb . sth 向某人借某物 borrow借入 lend sth . to sb = lend sb . sth把某物借给某人 lend 借出keep延续性动词 ，与一段时间连用。 Can you lend me your bike ? = Can you _ your bike _ me ? You can borrow some money _ your brother . = You can borrow your brother _ _. - How long can I _ the book ? - You can _ it for two weeks . 类似用法的还有：buy have put on wear become be leave be away from open be open begin be on die be dead return be back become He has _ a doctor . He has _ a doctor for 10 years . begin The film has _ . The film has _ for ten minutes .21. 能，会。be able to can 情态动词后面都接动词原形。 We should _ able to finish the work tomorrow . I can _ (play) the guitar . He _ able to play chess . 22. too many 太多 修饰可数名词复数 I have too many rules in my house .too much 太多 修饰不可数名词 Maybe you have too much yin . much too 太 后跟形容词或副词原级 This coat is much too expensive . Eating _ _ is bad for your health . Its _ _cold today . Youd better not go out . There are _ _ students in the hallways . Its dangerous . 23. have / has been to 去过某地 He has been to Beijing . (现在不在北京) have / has gone to 去了某地 He has gone to Beijing . (现在可能在北京，或在去北京的途中) have / has been in / at 在某地 I have ever _ _ America twice . He has _ _ Beijing for ten years . Where is your brother ? - He _ _ to Hainan . _ you ever _ _ Disneyland ? 24. used to do sth .过去常做某事 This river used to be very clean . be（get）used to doing sth .习惯于做某事 Im not used to getting up early .be used to do sth = be used for doing sth . 被用于做某事 Pens are used for writing . Xiao Gang _ _ _ afraid of the dark . The broom is _ _ clean the room . = The broom is _ _ cleaning the room . He _ _ _ living countryside .There is fresh air and sweet well . Wood _ _ _ making paper . 25. belong to + 名词 / 人称代词宾格 （属于） be + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词 （是） It must _ Nings .= It must _ Ning . The pencil must be _ (my) . = The pencil must belong to _ (my) . This ball _ to me .= This ball is _ .26. cant 不可能 0 表示推测、判断 could/might 也许、可能 50 80must 肯定、一定 100 The CD _ belong to Tony . because he likes listening to music . The notebook _ be mine .It has my name on it . The toy _ be my grandpa . After all .He is an old man .27. be made from （由制成）看不出原材料 be made of （由制成）看得出原材料 The table _ _ _ wood . Paper _ _ _ wood . 28. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事 prefer sth . to sth . 喜欢而不喜欢 prefer doing sth . to doing sth . 喜欢做而不喜欢做 I prefer _ (swim) to _ (play) balls . He _ fish to beef . I prefer to _ (walk) to work . 29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ： ed 修饰人ing 修饰物 I want to go somewhere _ (relaxing/relaxed) . She is _ in this _ history story . (interesting/interested ) interesting (有趣的) interested（感兴趣的） tiring(累人的) tired（累的，疲倦的） boring （令人无聊的） bored（无聊的）exciting（令人兴奋的） excited（激动的） surprising（令人惊讶的） surprised（惊讶的）relaxing(令人放松的) relaxed（放松的） embarrassing (令人尴尬的；令人为难的) embarrassed (尴尬的；为难的)30. the number of + 名词复数（的数量）作主语， 谓语用单数。 a number of + 名词复数 （许多、一些）= many The number of students in our class_ 80 . _ number of students are in Helin Middle School . 31. for + 一段时间since + 时间点/过去时的句子 We have been studying English _ three years . He has been staying here _ he was five years old . . We havent seen each other _ ten years ago . for和 since 可以相互转换。如：Jenny has been collecting coins for several years .= Jenny has been collecting coins since several years _ . 32. 除之外 except （不包括在内） Everyone could answer this question except Jim .besides （包括在内）There are three girls besides me . We all passed the exam _ Li Yang . Many other students like basketball _ Guo Xiaojun .33. already 用于肯定句中（已经）yet 用于疑问句末（已经）用于否定句末（还） Have you seen the film _ ? I havent locked the door _ . Mom has _ watered the flowers . 34. 否定祈使句 Dont + v. No + v.ing / n. Dont smoke here . = _ _ here . Dont take photos. = _ _ .35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末Do you play soccer every day , too ? either 放否定句末 also 放肯定句中 also放在实意动词前，be之后。 She is a girl . I am a girl ._ . He _ likes collecting things . Lily doesnt like junk food . Her good friend doesnt like it . _ . - I like soap operas . I do , _ . - I cant watch TV on school nights . I cant , _ . 36. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格be strict in sth . 对某事要求严格 Miss Zhang _ _ _ her work and she _ _ _ her students .37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人need doing sth 主语是物 The classroom _ cleaning . Its too dirty . Children _ to sleep a lot . Its very hot and dry . You need _（wear）cool clothes and the flowers need _ (water) .38. through 介词: 从内部穿过 (park) across 介词：从表面穿过 cross 动词（road. street. bridge） Be careful when you _ the street . The man went _ the forest . The train goes _ the tunnel (隧道) . He swam _ the river . We drove _ the desert (沙漠) . Take a walk _ the park on Center Avenue .39. Why dont you do sth = Why not do sth . 提建议的方式 How /what about doing sth . Lets do sth . Why dont you have a cup of tea ? = _ _ have a cup of tea ? Lets _ (go) out for a walk . How about _ (practice) conversations ? 40. So + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示肯定意义（也是如此）Neither + 助/系/情态 + 主语 表示否定意义（也不） 它们都属于倒装句。 My mother didnt go to school ._ _ my father . James comes from the USA ._ _ Tom . My pen pal can speak Japanese . _ _ I . = Me _ . My sister isnt outgoing . _ _ I .= Me _ .41. both 两者都all三者或三者以上都 The twins _ are good students . There are lots of colorful flowers on _ sides of the streets . There are five people in my family . We _ like playing sports . My parents _ love us . We are very happy .42. alone 单独，独自一人 He is alone at home .lonely 孤独的，寂寞的。有一定的感情色彩 He lives a lonely life in the country . Sometimes he feels quite _ because he has no friends . She lives _ in that large house .43 in the tree 外来的I saw a cat in the tree .on the tree 长在树上的There are many apples on the tree . How many monkeys can you see _ the tree ? There are a lot of bananas_ the tree . 44. in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面 There is a map _ the wall . There is a door _ the wall .45. on the bed 指物品在床上My bag is on the bed . in bed 指人躺在床上Lily is ill in bed . There is a jacket _ . I have to be _ by ten oclock .46. 引导结果状语从句：so和such（如此以至于）so是副词，后接adj和adv .句型：so+adj/adv+that从句 He worked so hard that he got the first prize .so+adj+a(n)+n.+that从句 = such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句That was so interesting a story that I read it twice .= That was such an interesting story that I read it twice .such是形容词，后接n.句型：such+a(n)+adj+n.+that从句He is such a hard-working student that all the teachers love him .such+pl./不可数n+that从句It is such good weather that we can go swimming . He runs _fast _ we can catch him . Lili is _a kind girl _we all love her . Tom is _ a clever boy that he can answer the question .= Tom is _ clever a boy that he can answer the question . The box is _ heavy _ I cant carry it . 在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时，要用sothat 。sothat句型的否定形式可用简单句tooto或notenough to代替。如：He is so young that he cant go to school .= He is too young to go to school . = He is not old enough to go to school .47. 引导时间状语从句 ： when + 延续性/短暂性动词When I was watching TV , he came in . = When he came in , I was watching TV .while+延续性动词（多用进行时）While I was in Shanghai , I visited him . _ he was sleeping . Someone knocked at the door .= He was sleeping _ someone knocked at the door . _ the boy heard his mothers voice , he stopped crying . My mother was cooking _ I was doing my homework . 48. at the age of 和 when 引导的时间状语可以互换。I began to play football when I was five years old . = I began to play football _ _ _ five . 49. instead 放句首、句末instead of + n/pron/ving = rather than . I will go to see her _ you . He doesnt like beer .give him coke _ . We often sing English song _ reading aloud .50. be famous as (作为而知名) as + 职业/身份/地位 Yi Yuchun is famous as a super girl .be famous for (以而著名) for + 出名的原因 Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake . Li Bai is famous _ a poet . Jackie Chan ia famous _ his action movies . France ia famous _its fine food and wine .51. 看起来像是似乎/好像 (sb/sth) seems to do sth It seems that +从句 It _ _ he feels very sad . = He _ _ _ very sad . She seems to want to have a drink .= _ _ that she _ to have a drink . 52. “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 。 I will show you where you should go .= I will show you _