八年级下册人教版最新第八单元知识点及课后练习

八年级下册人教版最新第八单元知识点及课后练习现在完成时讲解 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.for+时间段 Mary has been illsince+过去一个时间点（译为：自从以来）I have lived here since 1998. since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago.since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born.It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Its since I lived here.瞬间动词（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy-have; borrow -keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out ; leave -be away ; begin-be on ; finish-be over ; open-be open ; close -be closed ; die-be dead1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容词” 表示一种状态，表延续性1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词” 表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词1“beon”代start,begin 2“beup”代get up3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move toUNIT9 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.（2）现在完成时讲解2一基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二基本句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:* 以already, just和yet为标志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet. 他还没有回来。*以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。 以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far（到目前为止）为标+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。3三用法现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun (含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)注意：现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时练习(一)A)选用have, has填空:1.I _ told him the news. 2.She _ come back from school.3.You _ won the game.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?4. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、 . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、 . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studyingThese farmers have been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、 Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish、5C) 单项选择6.- -Where have you _, Kate? -Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached 现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1、 6、 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew8、 . will see . have seen . saw .see9、 11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .6. were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, gotC. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle_for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、对划线部分提问)_ they been here?3、The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a mo