英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习5

英语四级长篇阅读段落信息匹配题练习 5 Section B Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attach ed to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corres ponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 Endangered Peoples A Today it is not distance but culture that separates the peoples of the world The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences So begins the book Endangered Peoples by Art Davidson It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world s native peoples This book tells the stories of 21 tribes cul tures and cultural areas that are struggling to survive It tells each story through the voic e of a member of the tribe Mr Davidson recorded their words Art Wolfe and John Isaa c took pictures of them The organization called the Sierra Club published the book B The native groups live far apart in North America or South America Africa or A sia Yet their situations are similar They are fighting the march of progress in an effort t o keep themselves and their cultures alive Some of them follow ancient ways most of th e time Some follow modern ways most of the time They have one foot in ancient worl d and one foot in modern world They hope to continue to balance between these two w orlds Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great C Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992 offers he r thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past They are ruins that have died She disagrees strongly She says native communities are not remains of the past They have a future and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world D Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings Mr Davidson notes that their desires are the same People want to remain themselves he says They want to raise their children the way they were raised They want their children to speak their mot her tongue their own language They want them to have their parents values and customs Mr Davidson says the people s cries are the same Does our culture have to die Do we have to disappear as a people E Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food The hunt er was an American Indian long dead Mr Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado right where he was standing And it was then he says that he first wondered Where are they Where did they go He found answers to his early q uestion Many of the native peoples had disappeared They were forced off their lands O r they were killed in battle Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers Other n ative peoples remained but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern worl d F The Gwich in are an example of the survivors They have lived in what is now A laska and Canada for 10 000 years Now about 5 000 Gwich in remain They are mainly h unters They hunt the caribou a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge sp aces of the far north For centuries they have used all parts of the caribou the meat for food the skins for clothes the bones for tools Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich in G One Gwich in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world He spoke to Mr Davidson i n these words As long as I can remember someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn His job was to look for caribou If he saw a caribou he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke Then the village woul d come to life People ran up to the hilltop The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings We were all filled with happiness and sharing H About ten years ago the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich in Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young The Gwich in feared the cari bou would disappear One Gwich in woman describes the situation in these words Oil development threatens the caribou If the caribou are threatened then the people are threat ened Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand They do not come into our homes and share our food They have never tried to understand the fe eling expressed in our songs and our prayers They have not seen the old people cry Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed They worry that our people may disappe ar forever I A scientist with a British oil company dismisses 驳回 打消 the fears of the G wich in He also says they have no choice They will have to change The Gwich in ho wever are resisting They took legal action to stop the oil companies But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve Pressures c ontinue on other native people as Art Davidson describes in his book The pressures co me from expanding populations dam projects that flood tribal lands and political and ec onomic conflicts threaten the culture lands and lives of such groups as the Quechua of P eru the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan J The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years It tri es to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world It has about 12 000 members And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay T heodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center He says the orga nization has three main jobs It does research and publishes information It works with nat ive people directly And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities K Late last year Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger The book contains reports from res earchers who work for Cultural Survival from experts on native peoples and from native peoples themselves The book describes the conditions of different native and minority gr oups It includes longer reports about several threatened societies including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American And it provides the names of organizat ions similar to Cultural Survival for activists researchers and the press L David May bury Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization Mr May bury L ewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives lands or resources About 6 000 groups are left in the world A native group is one that has its own langue It has a long term link to a homeland And it has governed itself Theodore MacDonald says Cu ltural Survival works to protect the rights of groups not just individual people He says t he organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened Mr MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue Such conflicts he says cannot be prevente d But they do not have to become violent What Cultural Survival wants is to help set u p methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences These methods he says are a lot less costly than war 46 Rigoberta Menchu the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992 writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples 47 The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words but also pictures 48 Art Davidson s initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone ar rowhead he found in his childhood which was once used by an American Indian hunter 49 The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world 50 By talking with them Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the w orld desire to remain themselves 51 Most of the Gwich in are hunters who live on hunting caribou 52 Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultur es of peoples throughout the world 53 According to Theodore MacDonald the Cultural Survival organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society s rights are to be violated 54 The book State of the Peoples a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in D anger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups 55 The Gwich in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic Nati onal Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away Section B A 现在 是文化而非距离将世界各民族分隔开 我们时代的中心问题也许是怎样对待 文化差异 让我们从 Art Davidson 的著作 濒危民族 说起 该书试图帮助人们了解影响 世界土著民族的诸多问题 本书讲述了为了生存而苦苦挣扎的 21 个部落 不同的文化和文 化区的故事 每个故事都以部落成员的口吻叙述 47 Davidson 先生记录了他们的述说 Art Wolfe 和 Jonhn Isaac 拍摄照片 一个名为塞拉俱乐部的组织出版了这本书 B 土著民族分布在北美或南美 非洲或亚洲 相距甚远 然而 他们所处的情况却相 差无几 为了生存 为了文化的传承 他们奋力反抗前进的步伐 很多时候 他们中有些 人遵循古老的生活方式 也有些人接受现代方式 49 他们处在古代世界和现代世界之 间 他们希望继续保持这两个世界的平衡 但是 抛弃传统 融入现代世界的压力非常大 C 46 危地马拉的 Rigoberta Menchu 女士是 1992 年诺贝尔和平奖的得主 她在 濒危民族 这本书的序言中提出了自己的观点 她指出 很多人认为土著民族就像是过去 的故事 已遭破坏并消亡 她强烈反对这种观点 她认为土著民族并非过去岁月的残留 他们有未来 他们能为世界其他民族贡献自己很多的智慧和财富 D Art Davidson 撰写 濒危民族 时 行走了数千英里路 游览了世界各地 他和各 种人交谈 了解他们的思想和情感 50 Davidson 先生发现他们有着共同的愿望 他说 人们希望他们的民族可以延续 他们希望按照父母养育自己的方式养育孩子 他们希望 孩子会讲母语 他们本民族的语言 他们希望孩子可以继承父辈们的价值观和习俗 Da vidson 先生指出 各民族的呼声是相同的 我们的文化必须消亡吗 我们的民族必须消失 吗 E 48 Are Davidson 在美国阿拉斯加州的土著民族中生活了 25 年多 他说小时候他 发现过一个非常古老的石制箭头 从那时起 就激起了他对土著民族的兴趣 这个石箭头 是被用作武器来猎食的 猎人是一位早已作古的美洲印第安人 接着 Davidson 先生意识 到当时的印第安人就生活在科罗拉多州 他正站着的那片地方 他说 那时他第一次想知 道 他们在哪里 他们又去了何方 他找到了这些问题的答案 许多土著民族已经消失 他们被迫远走他乡 或者 他们已经战亡 又或者他们死于新来的移民携带的疾病 其他 土著民族虽然存活下来了 但是他们为了生存必须与现代世界的压力作斗争 F 哥威迅人就是存活下来的一个例证 他们在现在的阿拉斯加和加拿大居住已有 1000 0 年 l511 现在 哥威迅族的人口大概有 5000 主要以狩猎为生 他们捕猎驯鹿 这种鹿 体型较大 长着一对巨大的角 出没于最北边的广阔地区 数百年来 他们对驯鹿身上的 各部分都加以利用 肉用作食物 皮用来做衣服 骨头用来制作工具 狩猎驯鹿就是哥威 迅人的生活方式 G 一个哥威迅人向 Art Davidson 诉说了他童年以来的记忆 当时 部落还默默地生活 在世界上属于他们自己的角落 他这样对 Davidson 先生说 在我的记忆中 每个春秋都 有人坐在山顶的火堆旁 他的工作就是寻找驯鹿 如果他看到了驯鹿 就挥舞手臂 或者 生火 用烟作信号 然后 村民们就会活跃起来 他们跑向山顶 这时候 部落里的人是 最高兴的 我们都沉浸在幸福和分享的喜悦中 H 大约十年前 现代世界打破了哥威迅人的平静生活 55 石油企业想在北极国家 野生动物保护区勘探 石油 这片区域是驯鹿繁殖下一代的她方 哥威迅人担心驯鹿会消 失 一位哥威迅妇女这样描述这种 情形 石油勘探对驯鹿造成威胁 如果驯鹿受到威胁 那么人也将受到威胁 石油企业的管理者和美 国的立法者似乎并不理解这点 他们不 来我们的家里 不和我们分享食物 他们从未试图了解我们的 民谣和祈祷中所要传达的 感情 他们看不到祖辈们的眼泪 我们的父辈见证了我们的某些文化被摧毁 他们担心 我们的民族也许会永远消失 I 英国石油公司的一位科学家打消了哥威迅人的担忧 他还指出他们没有选择 他们 必须得改变 然而 哥威迅人拒绝这种改变 他们借助法律手段 阻止石油公司的开采 但是 国家只是禁止在北极国家野生动物保护区钻探石油 他们的胜利只是短暂性的 其 他土著民族仍旧面临着这种压力 就像 Art Davidson 在书中描写的那样 这种压力来自日 益增多的人口 淹没族地的水坝工程和政治经济冲突 秘鲁的盖丘亚族 马达加斯加的马 达加斯加人和日本的阿伊努人 他们的文化 领土和生活都面临着政治经济冲突的威胁 J 52 文化拯救协会这一组织成立 22 年了 它试图保护世界各民族的权利和文化 拥有大约 l2 000 名成员 很多学生都是它的义工 Theodore MacDonald 是文化拯救研究 中心的董事 他指出该组织有三项主要工作 开展调研 披露信息 直接与土著民族接触 为土著民族的产品开拓市场 K 去年年底 文化拯救协会出版了一本书 名为 民族现状 世界濒危民族的人权报 告 本书内容包括文化拯救协会调研人员和该领域其他专家的报告 也包括土著人自己 的述说 54 该书描写了不同土著民族和少数民族的生存现状 其中 对几个濒危民族 包括马来西亚的本南族和北美的安尼施纳比族做了详尽的介绍 并为对这方面有浓厚兴 趣的人 研究人员和新闻媒体介绍了几大组织机构 其性质类似于文化拯救协会 L David May bury Lewis 创办了文化拯救协会 May bury Lewis 先生认为 其他更强 大的民族威胁土著居民的生命 掠夺他们的土地和资源 世界上大约有 6 000 个民族 土 著民族拥有自己的语言 长期居于某地 自我管辖 1531 Theodore MacDonaM 指出文化 拯裁协会旨在保护各民族的权利 并不是只保护个人权利 他说 该组织欲建立一个早期 预警系统 当这些农权利遭到威胁对向人们提砖警告 MacDonald 先生认为 国家内部各 民族之间的冲突由来已久 并还将继续 这种冲突无法阻止 但并不一定要演变成暴力 文化拯救协会正致力于寻找方法 以和平协商方对待传统文化差异 他说 研究这些方法 的代价比战争要低得多 46 Rigoberta Menchu the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992 writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples 1992 年诺贝尔和平奖的得主 Rigoberta Menchu 女士为 濒危民 族 这本书作序 解析 C 细节题 根据句中关键词 Rgoberta Menchu 可定位至 c 段首句 危地马 拉的 Rigoberta Menchu 女士是 1992 年诺贝尔和平奖的得主 她在 濒危民族 这本书的 序言中提出了自己的观点 由此可见 Rigoberta Menchu 女士为 濒危民族 这本书作序 47 The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words but also pictures 濒危民族 这本书不仅包括文字 还包括图片 解析 A 细节题 本题着眼点在 The book Endangered Peoples 因此锁定有关 这本书的介绍信息 可定位至首段 该段末句是 Davidson 先生记录了他们的述说 Art Wolfe 和 John Isaac 拍摄照片 一个名为塞拉俱乐部的组织出版了这本书 由此可知 这 本书不仅有文字而且还有图片 48 Art Davidson s initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone ar rowhead he found in his child hood which was once used by an American Indian hunt er Art Davidson 最初开始对土著民族感兴趣 源自小时候见到的一个美洲印第安猎人用过 的石制箭头 解析 E 细节题 根据句中关键词 in the interesting native people 和 an ancient st one arrowhead 可定位至 E 段 他说小时候他发现过一个非常古老的石制箭头 从那时起 就激起了他对土著民族的兴趣 这 个石箭头是被用作武器来猎食的 猎人是一位早已 作古的美洲印第安人 49 The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modem world 土著民族艰难地尝试在古今世界之间寻求平衡 解析 B 细节题 根据句中关键词 the native groups 和 balance between the anci ent world and the mod em world 可定位至 B 段后三句 他们处在古代世界和现代世界之 间 他们希望继续保持这两个世界的平衡 但是 抛弃传统 融入现代世界的压力非常大 50 By talking with them Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the w orld desire to remain themselves 通过交谈 Art Davidson 得知所有的土著居民都希望自己的民族得以存续 解析 D 细节题 根据句中关键词 the native people desire 和 remain themselves 可定位至 D 段 Davidson 先生发现他们有着共同的愿望 他说 人们希望他们的民族可 以延续 51 Most of the Gwich in are hu