2011考博翻译与写作.doc

你还为找考博资料而烦恼？快上考博通网/ 2011考博翻译与写作（一） 翻译1. 考博汉译英2010年真题 （见真题复印件）1) Last Thursday, the World Observation Research Society released annually “the Earth Health Report”. In 2005, the earth deforestation reached a new high, which is emphasized as one of the many bad signs for the environmental problems. 2) We can see many trends generated by the climate change, for instance, the food production is affected by the floods. . 3) The gist of the report is that the emission of the carbon dioxide and climate change generated by other ecological disasters as well as the unsustainable consume manners are the curses of the climate change. 2. 考博汉译英模拟试题1）据中国汽车制造协会数据，2009年1月至11月，中国汽车销售总量超过1200万辆，从1月起一直在汽车销售和生产领域处于领先地位。 Chinas total vehicle sales exceeded 12 million in the January November period, retaining its leading position in auto sales and production since January, according to statistics released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers ( CAAM). 2） 2009年1月，中国国产汽车销量达73.55万辆，超过日本成为仅次于美国的第二大世界汽车市场。 China sold 0.7355 million new vehicles in January, 2009, overtaking Japan as the second-largest auto market after the US. 3） 受政府推出的减税以及大排量汽车的以旧换新提供补贴等激励措施的影响，全年各类汽车总销售量突破1300万，巩固了中国在全球汽车市场的领先地位。 Boosted by government stimulus measures such as tax cuts and subsidies for trade-ins, sales of all automobiles for the whole year are set to break the 13 million barrier, which has consolidated Chinas top position in the global automobile market. 4）由中国方面设立的“中国文化体验中心”8日在瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学正式向公众开放，使这个北欧国家又多了一个了解中国文化的窗口。 “China Experience Centre” established by China was open to public on 8th in the University of Stockholm in Sweden, functioning as another window through which people can know Chinese culture. 这个“中国文化体验中心”是中国国家副主席习近平今年3月访问瑞典时答应提供给斯德哥尔摩大学的。体验中心安装有2套多媒体设备。人们可以通过音频、视频、图片和文字等多媒体形式体验中国博大精深的文化。 The China Experience Center is equipped with 2 sets of multi-media device, which makes sit possible for people to experience the brilliant and gorgeous Chinese culture by means of such multi-media as sounds, videos, pictures and words.在斯德哥尔摩大学举行的“中国文化体验中心”向公众开放仪式上，斯德哥尔摩大学图书馆馆长卡特里娜埃里克松罗斯说，现在瑞典学习中文的人越来越多，她相信这个体验中心必将能提高人们对中国的兴趣，增进人们对中国的了解。为配合体验中心的开放，斯德哥尔摩大学还设立了一个名为“中国的现在与过去”的展台，向人们展示它所收藏的有关中国的书籍。中国驻瑞典大使陈明明、现任北欧孔子学院院长的瑞典著名汉学家罗多弼教授以及斯德哥尔摩大学的一些人士出席了“中国文化体验中心”的开放仪式。In answer to China Experience Center open to public, the University of Stockholm set up a exhibition stand named “ Present and Past of China”, displaying the books they have collected about China. 5） 职场生生不息，老人越来越老。新人越来越新。“老人”们不容易，眼看体力和心气逐渐下降，还得硬撑着充电，锻炼与时俱进，好在资历在那儿摆着，即使没有多少建树，也会有职场新人毕恭毕敬地叫声“您好，老师”。“新人”们不容易，初进职场跌跌撞撞，做事做人都欠修炼，就算处处小心，仍被视为靠不住的愣头青，受点气，挨点批评是家常便饭，再难受也只能躲到卫生间哭鼻子。人在江湖，名头很重要。如果你是新人，在直属主管和同事面前自谦一下就好，对于合作伙伴、客户和其他部门的同事，千万别说“请多关照”。你做不好事，人家凭什么关照你？在竞争者林立的职场中乐于手把手教你学走路的“唐僧”越来越少，想活就得尽快“新人”变“老人“。The workplace is changing all the time as old hands get really old and new comers keep joining in. Old hands do have a hard time as they watch their physical and mental strength decline hopelessly so they have to prop up their eyelids to get recharged for new knowledge, and keep doing physical exercises so as to manage to keep up with the change. Fortunately old hands have their seniority as a kind of capital, and new comers will inevitably show their respect to them by saying, “ How do you do, sir?”On the other hand, the situation is by no means less hard for new comers. Most of then may stagger along or even stumble when they first join a profession. They do not have enough cultivation in either dong their jobs or handling social relations. As a result, they are usually considered hotheads not to be relied on, though they behave with utmost care. More often than not they are criticized or even bullied, but they can only seek seclusion in the washroom and weep their sad tears there, no matter how sad they might feel. Ones impression in the mind of others is very important as one makes a living in any workplace. If you are a new comer, it is all right for you to act modestly in front of your immediate boss and colleagues. But thats enough. You should never say “ Please kindly help me” to your partners in business cooperation, customers or colleagues from other departments. Why should others kindly help you if you had not done your job well? There are nowadays fewer and fewer people in the harshly competitive workplace who are ready to offer you a helping hand gladly like a loving elderly. You have to grow into an old hand from a new comer within the shortest possible time if you want to survive in the workplace. 6）把信息当知识，将知识当智慧。许多人日夜在网上“泡着“，四处收集新闻热点，说起来滔滔不绝，犹如天下大事尽在心中。可是如果你仔细听听，认真想想，却发现他的嘴里没有一句是他的话。他只是一个信息的贩卖者，一个廉价的传声筒。 Modern people tend to equate information with knowledge and knowledge with wisdom. Thats why many of them are mouse potatoes, searching for hot news day and night. They would rattle on and on once such people strike a conversation with you, as if they knew everything about all major events in the world. However if you listen attentively and think carefully you will find they are nothing but parrots that only repeat what others have said without a single word of their own. They are no more than mongers of information or cheap megaphones. 7）疯狂跳槽，一事无成。总想着“天生我材必有用”，总想着“此处不留爷，自有留爷处”。不是踏踏实实做人，扎扎实实干事，而是在哪儿呆着都觉得委屈自己，看什么都不顺眼，做什么都不顺心，这山望着那山高。跳槽成了习惯，甚至成了生活方式。Many of them become frequent job-hoppers and will hardly make any achievement. They always hold that they were bestowed with genius and would sooner or later find some place to bring their genius into full play. As a result, they would take a down-to-earth attitude in doing anything but feel wronged no matter what jobs they get. To them nothing is right or satisfactory , just like the saying goes, “ Distant mountains are always greener than taller. Thus, job-hopping becomes a habit, even their way of life. 8）买房装修给人看，身背包袱日子难。见面说不了三句话，就扯到房子上。没有房的要买房，有了房的想换大的。有了大的还想买第二套。明明腰包已瘪，看见楼盘开张就热血沸腾，野心横生。装修也相互攀比，你装成皇宫模样，我就装成总统套房。但收入就那么多，无奈只好节衣缩食，沦为房奴。 They buy houses only for the purpose of showing off, even if they are heavily burdened by mortgage. Housing is the inevitable topic of conversation no matter what you may talk about with them. Those who havent bought a flat want to buy one, those who already bought one want to buy a bigger one and those who already have ones want to buy a second done. Flat as their wallets are, their blood boils with sudden urges to buy whenever some mew building opens for sale. When it comes to interior decoration, they will also strive to score off their neighbors. You make a palace of your flat? Well, I shall make a presidential suite of mine. However, their salaries are limited, they cannot but save every single penny, corrupting as houses slave. 9）有中国权威智囊团周三的报告得知，中国大中城市的住房价格超高，有些城市严重超高。社科院的年度住房报告表明，35个大中城市的普通房价超高幅度达29.5%。35个城市中，5个城市的房价超高幅度为50%，11个超高幅度为30%至50% 不等，社科院于是说。不过，社科院申明说，由于各个城市提供数据的精确程度不同，这些数据也许有所虚高或估计不足。在周二的另一个报告中，社科院报告说，中国的房价2010年预计还会再长15%，虽比2009年25%要低，但警示说如果政府放松采取措施给房产市场降温的话，2011年房价会反弹。A report by a leading think tank in China showed Wednesday that residential housing in the countrys large and medium-sized cities is overpriced and in some cities are severely overpriced.Ordinary commercial residential housing in 35 large and medium-sized cities are, on average, about 29.5 percent overpriced, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) said in its annual report on Chinas housing conditions. Among the 35 cities, five see homes more than 50 percent overcharged, and 11 see houses 30 percent to 50 percent overpriced, said the CASS.However, the projections might be exaggerated or underestimated due to the accuracy of the statistics provided by some cities, said the CASS. The CASS said, in another report Tuesday, that Chinas housing price was expected to rise by 15 percent in 2010, down from 25 percent in 2009, but warned of retaliatory price rebound in 2011 if government measures aimed at cooling the market were relaxed. 10）据信息产业部数据显示，截止今年十月底中国移动通讯的3G用户逐年增长多达3864万。大约有2538万为过去一年内新增的用户。MIIT周三的数据表明，中国电信，中国移动和中国联通这三大电信营运商的用户截止十月底已经超过1亿户。本月早些时候，MIIT说中国旨在2011年拥有1500万3G手机用户，而对3G手机的开发投资将会达到40亿元人民币。今年一到十月移动电话的用户数增加了9483万，总数高达8亿，而固定电话的用户减少了1365万，同期只有3亿。到十月底为止中国移动拥有5.75亿用户，成为世界上最大的移动电话营运商。在2010年前十个月中，中国通讯产业报告年收入达7448亿元人民币，折合1095.3亿美元，累计增长了6.6%。其中移动电话的收入占了69.84%，固定电话30.16，累计下跌3.2%，MIIT报告说。The number of third generation (3G) mobile telecommunication users in China tripled year-on-year with the figure reaching 38.64 million by the end of October, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT). Approximately 25.38 million users were new subscribers in the past year. The number of 3G users of each of Chinas top three telecommunication operators, China Telecom, China Mobile and China Unicom, exceeded 10 million by the end of October, the MIIT data showed Wednesday. Earlier this month, the ministry said that China aimed to have 150 million 3G mobile users by 2011, while investment in 3G development would hit 400 billion yuan. The number of mobile phone users were up by 94.83 million to reach 842 million during the January-October period, while fixed-line subscribers decreased by 13.65 million to about 300 million during the same period, the MIIT said.China Mobile, with 575 million subscribers as of the end of October, now is the worlds largest mobile carrier.Chinas telecommunication industry reported 744.8 billion yuan ($109.53 billion) in revenues during the first ten months of 2010, up 6.6 percent year on year. Business revenue of mobile telecommunications made up 69.84 percent of the total, while fixed-line revenues accounted for 30.16 percent, dropping 3.2 percentage points year on year, the MIIT said.3. 考博英译汉模拟试题1) 考博英译汉2010年真题（见真题复印件）l 但是有些评论家，包括一些网络服务供应商警告说因特网由于成千上万的人同时下载文件而会坍塌的。l 宽带公司声称网络服务会引起“交通阻塞”，解决这个问题要花费成百上万的资金。l “三十年间，网络的使用量涨了一百万倍有余。 我们还远没有耗尽它的容量”，他说。当他们看见大量的信息上传到网上是，他们会有种担忧，这是可以理解的。2）模拟l Now, this rescue and recovery effort will be complex and challenging. As we move resources into Haiti , we will be working closely with partners on the ground. 此次救灾和灾后重建工作经非常复杂，极具挑战性。在我们向海地运输救灾人员和物资的过程中，我们将和地面人员紧密配合。l Finally, let me just say that this is a time when we are reminded of the common humanity that we all share. With just a few hundred miles of ocean between us and a long history that binds us together, Haitians are neighbors of the Americans and here at home. 最后我想说明一点，这次灾难提醒了我们共同拥有的人性。美国和海地相隔只有几百公里的海洋，悠久的历史将我们两国联系在一起。海地人民是美国人民的邻居，这里就一如他们的家乡，所以在他们需要帮助的紧急关头，我们要伸出援手。l We must be prepared for difficult hours and days ahead as we learn about the scope of the tragedy. We will keep the victims and their families in our prayers. We will be resolute in our response, and I pledge to the people of Haiti that you will have a friend and partner in the United States of America today and going forward. 我们必须提前为今后救灾的种种困难做好准备.我们将为遇难者和他们的家人祈祷。我们将以坚决果敢的姿态实施援救工作。我向海地人民保证，无论是今天还是明天，美国都是你们的朋友和伙伴。 3）The United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP-16) opened in Cancun, a resort city of Mexico on Monday. The talks, from November 29 to December 10, are held to continue to search solutions to the climate problem. About 25,000 participants from governments, businesses, non- governmental organizations and research institutions from 194 countries gathered in Cancun.The parties will try to reach a legally binding treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol at Cancun Conference, although the chance is slim. They will also pay attention to the issues including green technology transfer and additional financial support to developing countries.A nearly 70-strong delegation of the Chinese government, headed by Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, has arrived in Cancun.In an interview with Xinhua, Su Wei, head of the climate change department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said China takes a positive attitude over Cancun conference. Cancun is an important station in the international progress of facing climate changes. We continue to stick to UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and Bali Road Map. We hope Cancun conference can reach positive progress in all the areas with the political agreements made at Copenhagen summit. he said.According to Su, four key issues are concerned by the parties including mitigation, adaptation, finance and technology, which have always been the hot-spot topics in past climate negotiations.The Cancun conference is another important step for the international community to advance the Bali Road Map negotiations after the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen last year, which failed to reach a legally binding treaty for the years beyond 2012.l 他们还会关注一些重大问题，比如环保技术的转让以及追加对发展中国家经济援助。l 坎昆会议是世界各国应对气候变化行进中的重要里程碑。l 我们会继续坚持联合国气候变化框架公约哥本哈根协议京都议定书巴厘路线图l Su认为此次会议中各国代表团都关注了涉及减缓、适应、资金和技术这四大问题，它们是以往气候问题谈判的热门话题。此次会议迈出了继去年哥本哈根会议之后国际社会最终推进落实“巴厘路线图”的谈判的重要一步、当时没有达成一个对2012年之后有法律约束力的协定。4) Building roads before building wealth, a widely known slogan in China, was cited by Lao Deputy Prime Minister Somsavat Lengsavad.Lengsavad was referring to a planned high speed railway for his country. As an inland country, Laos wants to counter its disadvantages of being land-locked by improving its transportation systems, Lengsavad said at the ongoing seventh World Congress on High Speed Rail in Beijing.In April, Laos reached an agreement with China to establish a joint venture that will construct a railway linking Chinas southwestern Yunnan Province and the Lao capital of Vientiane. The project will be launched in 2011, with an estimated construction time of four years, Lengsavad said.Thailand, another country in Southeast Asia, is also partnering with China to improve its rail network. In October, Thailand approved a negotiation framework for a project for Thailand-China cooperation on high-speed rail. Under the framework, the two countries will cooperate to build five railways designed for speeds of 250 km per hour at a cost of $22.5 billionto $25.5 billion.Regional traffic networks promote trade, investment as well as economic and social development, Thai Deputy Prime Minister Suthep Thuagsuban said at the conference.Chinas high-speed rail is welcomed by its neighboring developing countries, not only for its competitive cost performance ratio, but for the great impetus it gives to economic and social development.Some media even used high-speed rail diplomacy to describe the prosperity of Chinas construction of the rail network.l 要想富，先修路。l 作为一个内陆国家，老挝想通过建立交通系统来克服其被大陆封闭的劣势。l 在这种前提下，两国将合作建造5条铁路线，时速高达每小时250公里，造价在2250亿和2550亿美元之间。l 中国的高速铁路受到周边邻国的青睐，不仅是因为其具竞争力的性价能比，还是因为它能推动社会和经济的发展。l 一些媒体用“高铁外交“的字眼来描述中国铁路建设的意义和前景。 （二） 写 作Sample Writing 1Being the Only Child in the Family When I was little, my father used to talk to me about his five siblings. He used to say that I was unfortunate with none of mine. Surely I used to envy him and wonder how nice it would be to have a family full of brothers and sisters. I also used to wonder what would happen to me if I were to lose my parents. Frankly speaking, I do not have to share anything with anybody at my age in the family, for I am the only child of my parents. I can ask for anything I want. I can wear my favorite brands and eat my favorite food. I can choose to study at the best university of the country, since my parents only have to support me in the family. Lucky as I am, now and then I still feel very lonely even with nobody to complain about my loneliness. How I long for a quarrelwithmy brothers or sisters! Yes, true enough, Ihave classmates and friends, but they are different in that we have no blood relationship, just as the saying goes, “Blood is always thicker than water. Sometimes I feel so pessimistic thinking that after my parents leave the world, for I will have no blood relatives left to share with me the beautiful memories with my parents. Whats worse, I am likely to have developed selfishness in the family with nobody to share with anything when suddenly I realize the world is for sharing with others when I am big enough. So, know what, I am happy but lonely; I am fortunate but piteous; I am loved but spoiled; I am well-bred but selfish, because I am the only child of my parents.Sample Writing 2 Competition and Cooperation As is all known, competition is a common phenomenon in society. We compete when playing games, we compete when hunting for jobs, seeking for fame, wealth and so forth. Therefore, in a sense, competition is one of the motive forces for the development of our modern society. However, it is often believed, that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, holding that, without it there is no responsibility, no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation no matter what they do. They are of the opinion that dependence of people on one another has increased in the modern society. As a matter of fact, we find that in many cases competition goes hand in hand with cooperation. Lets take a football game for example. During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates. Otherwise, they would lose th