Book1Unit1Friendship知识点

精品文档 1欢迎下载 一 一 课文再现课文再现 1 Add up 增加 your score and see how many points you can get P1 2 Your friend comes to school very upset The bell rings so you need to go to class You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down 使某人平静下 来 tell your friend that you ve got to 不得不 go to class tell your friend that you are concerned about 关心 挂念 him her but you have to go to class You two will meet after class and talk then P1 3 Your friend has gone on holiday 度假 and asked you to take care of 照顾 his her dog While walking the dog 遛狗 you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car P1 4 Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at 嘲笑 you or just can t understand what you are going through 经历 P2 5 She and her family hid away 躲藏 for nearly twenty five months before they were discovered P2 6 I don t want to settle down 写下 a series of 一系列 facts in a diary as most people do but I want this diary itself to be my friend and I shall call my friend Kitty P2 7 For example when it was so warm I stayed awake on purpose 故意 until half past eleven one evening in order to 目的是 have a good look at the moon for once by myself P2 8 Another time five months ago I happened to 碰巧 be upstairs one evening when the window was open It was the first time in a year and a half that I d seen the night face to face 面对面 P2 9 He used to work 过去常做某事 outdoors even in the middle of winter P4 10 I m getting along well with 与某人相处友好 a boy in my class P6 11 Join in 加入 people s discussion Try to make friends with 与某人交朋友 one or two classmates P7 12 Mr Jones lives alone 单独 and often feels lonely 孤独 We communicate with each other 相互交流 by Internet through the Internet P42 13 A friend in need is a friend indeed 患难之交才是真正的朋友 P46 14 A friend to all is a friend to none 滥交者无友 P46 15 With clothes the new are the best with friends the old are the best 衣服是新的好 朋友是旧的好 P46 二 二 单词 单词 1 1 surveysurvey n 调查 概述 v 测量 检查 e g a A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan 最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划 b The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami 州长查看了海啸引起的破坏情况 思维拓展 思维拓展 1 make a survey of sth 调查 make a general survey of sth 纵观 2 survey sth 调查 评述 检查 survey the equipment 检查设备 精品文档 2欢迎下载 词汇派生 词汇派生 surveyor n 测量员 检察员 2 2 addadd v 增加 增添 e g a Shall I add your name to the list 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗 b A new wing was added to the building 这座大楼新添了一座边房 思维拓展 思维拓展 add up sth 把 加起来 add sth to sth 把 加到 add up to 合计 总共 指点迷津 指点迷津 1 add sth to sth 是 把 加到 上去 add to 不能分开用 意为 增加了 相当于 increase 或 raise 如 e g a He added some sugar to the coffee 他给咖啡里加了些糖 The bad weather added to our difficulty 坏天气增加了我们的困难 2 add 还可表示 补充说 后常接从句 e g He added that he was satisfied with the talk 它补充说他对会谈很满意 词汇派生 词汇派生 addition n 附加物 additional adj 附加的 adding machine 加法机 in addition to 除 之外 3 3 pointpoint n 要点 尖端 含义 v 指出 e g a The point is that you shouldn t have to wait so long to see a doctor 关键是看病不应等那么久 b He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand 他指着那所房子原来所在的地方 思维拓展 思维拓展 1 come to the point of 到了 地步 to the point of 达到 的程度 be on the point of doing 正要做 There is no point in 没必要 没意义做 boiling point 沸点 2 point to at 指向 point out sth to sb 向某人指出某事 point out that 指出 point sth to at sb 把 对着某人 指点迷津 指点迷津 1 当非善意地用手指某人时 只能用 point at 2 当表示指针指向 证据表明 建筑物的朝向时 用 point to 如 e g The house points to the sea 那所房子面向大海 词汇派生 词汇派生 pointed adj 尖锐的 尖的 pointless adj 无意义的 无益的 4 4 upsetupset v 使不安 打乱 adj 心烦意乱的 e g a His strange behavior upset his father 他的奇怪行径困扰着他父亲 b I understand how upset you must be feeling 我理解你心里有多难受 思维拓展 思维拓展 精品文档 3欢迎下载 1 upset sb 使某人不安 upset the plan 搅乱了计划 upset the cup 打翻了杯子 It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是 It upsets sb to do sth 做 使某人不快 2 be upset about 对 赶到心烦 指点迷津 指点迷津 1 upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱 2 nervous 在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉 3 anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安 词汇派生 词汇派生 upset upset upset upsetting 5 5 concernconcern n 担心 关心 关系 v 涉及 有关 e g a There is growing concern about violence on TV 人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧 b Don t be involved in what doesn t concern you 不要管那些与你无关的事 思维拓展 思维拓展 1 show express concern about for 对 表示关心 担心 have concern with 和 有关系 with concern 关切地 2 concern oneself about for 担忧 关心 concern oneself with 从事 参与 concern sb sth 与 有关 词汇派生 词汇派生 concerned adj 有关的 担心的 be concerned about over for 关心 挂念 be concerned with in 牵扯进 参与 all parties concerned 有关各方 as so far as be concerned 就 而言 e g As far as I m concerned the sooner the better 就我而言 越快越好 6 6 cheatcheat v 欺骗 作弊 n 骗子 作弊者 eg He is accused of cheating the taxman 他被控欺骗税务员 eg The two cheats set up tow looms 这两个骗子支起两架织布机 思维拓展 思维拓展 cheat sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 cheat sb into doing sth 骗某人做 cheat sb into the belief that 骗某人相信 catch sb cheating in an exam 作弊被抓 7 7 feelingfeeling n 感觉 情绪 eg have no feeling in my foot 没有知觉 eg can understand his feelings 解他的心情 思维拓展 思维拓展 a feeling of hunger 饥饿感 精品文档 4欢迎下载 a feeling of danger 危险感 a feeling of gratitude 感激的心情 have a feeling that 有 的预感 lose feeling in one s legs 双脚失去知觉 hurt one s feelings 伤害某人的感情 hide mask one s feelings 隐瞒感情 express feelings 表达感情 构词法构词法 feel v 感觉出 feelingly adv 充满感情地 8 8 seriesseries n 一系列 连续 e g There has been a series of accidents at the crossing 在那个十字路口曾经发生过一连串的事故 思维拓展 思维拓展 a seires of 一连串的 一系列的 a seroes of accidents 一连串事故 a series of articles 一系列文章 a TV series 一部电视连续剧 in series 连续 一系列地 构词法构词法 serial n 连续剧 连载小说 9 9 naturenature n 1 大自然 自然界 the law of nature 自然法则 the balance of nature 生态平衡 the beauty of nature 大自然之美 2 本性 性情 human nature 人性 a man of gentle nature 性情温和的人 3 性质 种类 be different in nature 性质不同 思维拓展 思维拓展 be nature to nature 逼真 by nature 天生地 against nature 违反自然地 常用搭配常用搭配 it s natural that it s natural for sb to do sth 做 是当然的 e g It s natural that we should carry out the plan it s natural for us to carry out the plan 这个计划是当然的 1010 powderpowder n 能量 力量 权力 eg Carry this luggage requires a lot of powder 搬运这件行李需要很大的力气 思维拓展 思维拓展 be in powder 执政 掌权 精品文档 5欢迎下载 come into powder take power 上台 执政 under one s own power 凭借自身的力量 beyond out of one s powder 力所不能及的 构词法构词法 powerful adj 强有力的 powerless adj 无力的 无权的 1111 suffersuffer v 遭受 忍受 eg The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake 城市因地震遭受严重破坏 练习练习 suffer pain loss defeat punishment hardship 遭受痛苦 损失 失败 惩罚 艰难 思维拓展 思维拓展 suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒 构词法构词法 suffering n 痛苦 苦难 sufferer n 受难者 患者 1212 purposepurpose n 目的 意图 eg For what purpose did he go to Africa 他去非洲的目的何在 思维拓展 思维拓展 on purpose by accident 故意地 for the purpose of 为了 的目的 with the purpose of 抱着 的目的 one s purpose in doing sth 某人做 的目的 构词法构词法 purposeful adj 有目的的 故意的 purposeless adj 无目的的 purposely adv 特意地 故意地 1313 adviceadvice n 劝告 建议 eg He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language 他就如何学习外语给我们提了一些建议 思维拓展 思维拓展 give offer sb some advice on 就 给某人提建议 ask sb for adcice 征求某人的意见 follow take one s advice 接受某人的建议 do sth by one s advice 按某人的建议做 on upon one s adcice 听某人的劝告 构词法构词法 adviser advisor n 建议者 顾问 advisory adj 劝告的 顾问的 advise v 建议 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做 advise sb not to do sth adcise sb against doing sth 建议某人不要做 advise doing sth 建议做 advise that 建议 advise sb on 向某人提 建议 精品文档 6欢迎下载 1414 efforteffort n 努力 eg You should put more effort into your work 你应该更加努力地工作 思维拓展 思维拓展 make an effort to do 努力做 make every effort to do make grat efforts to do spare no effort to do without effort 毫不费力地 注注 全力做 的表达 do all out to do do try one s best to do do all everything what one can to do 构词法构词法 effortless adj 不费力的 1515 habithabit n 习惯 习性 eg You need to change your eating habits 你需要改变饮食习惯 思维拓展 思维拓展 develop form the habit of build up the habit of 养成 的习惯 fall get into the habit of 染上 的习惯 be in the habit of have the habit of 有 的习惯 get sb into the habit of 使某人养成 的习惯 get out of the habit of give up the habit of kick break drop the habit of 戒除 的习惯 do sth out of habit 处于习惯做某事 IV IV 课文短语课文短语 1 1 gogo throughthrough 通过 经受 仔细检查 完成 练习 练习 go through too many wars 经过太多的战争 go through with one s promise 实践诺言 The new law has gone through 新的法律已经通过了 The teacher went through all the students homework 老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍 思维拓展思维拓展 break through 冲破 get through 完成 通过 look through 浏览 2 2 hidehide awayaway 躲避 隐蔽 eg a The thief hid away in the woods for a week 小偷在树林里隐藏了一周 b They hid away the solider from the enemy 他们藏起了这个战士以躲避敌人 思维拓展思维拓展 常用被动语态形式的结构 精品文档 7欢迎下载 be devoted to education 献身教育 be stationed in the village 驻扎在村里 be buried in reading 专心阅读 be seated beside me 坐在我身边 3 3 setset downdown 记下 放下 认为 归因于 eg a Set down his name and address 记下他的名字和地址 b He set down the book on the bable 他把书放在桌上 c I set the man down as a solier 我以为那人是个士兵 d I set down his bad temper to his health 我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因 思维拓展思维拓展 set down doing sth 着手 做 某事 set out to do sth 着手做做某事 set off 动身 引爆 set up 竖起 创设 开办 注注 表示 记下 写下 时 set down put down write down get down 4 4 dodo withwith 处理 与 有关 eg He didn t knkow what to do with his camel 他不知如何处置他的骆驼 思维拓展思维拓展 have sth to do with 与 有关 have nothing to do with 与 无关 have much a lot of to do with 与 有很大关系 指点迷津指点迷津 1 do with 表示 处置 时常与 what 搭配 而 deal with 常与 how 搭配 e g What to do with his camel how to deal with his camel 2 what 与 how 的其他搭配 What do you think of How do you like find What to do it next 3 do without 没有 也行 eg If there s none left we ll have to do without 如果没有剩余的我们就只得将就了 5 5 forfor onceonce 就这 那一次 eg a For once your re right 只有这一次你是对的 b I think we might relax orselves for this once 我想我们就这么一次可以放松一下 思维拓展思维拓展 all at once 突然 同时 once in a while 偶尔 once more again 再一次 once upon a time 从前 用于开始讲故事 at once 立刻 同时 精品文档 8欢迎下载 指点迷津指点迷津 for once this once just for once for this once 6 6 faceface toto faceface 面对面地 eg They stood face to face with each other 他们面对面地站着 思维拓展思维拓展 heart to heart 心贴心地 坦诚地 shoulder to shouldedr 肩并肩地 hand in hand 手拉手地 arm in arm 臂挽臂地 side by side 并排地 back to back 背靠背地 指点迷津指点迷津 1 face to face 是合成形容词 在句中作定语 eg We ll have a face to face interview 我们要进行一次面对面的采访 2 face to face 中不用任何冠词 类似短语如 from door to door 挨门挨户地 from generation to generation 一代一代地 from head to foot 从头到脚 from time to tme 不时地 3 face to face 常与 with 连用 表示 与 面对面 在句中作状语 如 eg He came face to face with death 他面临死亡 7 7 getget alongalong withwith 进展 相处 eg a How are you getting along with your classmates 你与同学相处怎样 b He s getting along well with his business 他生意做得很顺利 思维拓展思维拓展 get along well nicely with 与 相处得很好 get along badly with 与 相处得不好 指点迷津指点迷津 1 get along with 中的 along 也可以用 on 替换 2 get along with sb 是 与某人相处得如何 get along with sth 是 某事进展得如何 在 He didn t know that we were getting along with them 中 不能用 how 代替 that 当句中 没有 well nicely 或 badly 等词时 才用 how e g I want to know how they are getting along with the work 我想知道他们的工作进展得怎么样 V V 词义辨析 词义辨析 1 1 pay pay salarysalary 与与 wagewage 1 pay 工资 薪金 是不可数名词 常指按时支付的固定薪酬 也指海陆军人以及在政府部门工作的 人的新酬 可用来代替 salary 或 wages 如 eg a How much tax do they take out of your pay 他们从你的工资中抽多少税 b I get my pay every Friday 我每星期五领薪水 精品文档 9欢迎下载 salary 薪水 可用作可数或不可数名词 通常指非体力劳动者 如 白领阶层的工作者或掌管 业务的行政人员等 所得的报酬 一般按月发回半年 一年发放一次 如 eg a He is paid for his work at a high salary 他的工作薪水很高 b I draw my salary at the end of every month 我每个月底领工资 wage 工资 工钱 通常指付给体力劳动者 如 蓝领工资 也可指按记时工资 常用复数形式 其谓语动词也用复数 有时工资多或少时 常说 much little wage 而不说 many few wages 如 eg a Wages are high in this country 这个国家的工资待遇高 b She has a rise in her wages 她涨了工资 2 2 ignoreignore 与与 bebe ignorantignorant 1 ignore 装作不知 故意不理睬 be ignorant 不知道 没意识到 eg a He ignores the doctor s adcice and goes on smoking 他不顾 忽视 医生的忠告而继续抽烟 b I was ignorant of the fact that the boss could be so strict 我不知道老板居然那样严 格 calm calm quiet quiet stillstill 与与 silentsilent 1 calm 平静的 沉重着的 指无风浪或人的心情不激动 quiet 宁静的 安静的 指没有声音 不吵闹或心里没有烦恼 焦虑 still 静止的 不动的 指没有运动或动作的状态 silent 寂静的 沉默的 不发音的 指没有声音或不讲话 如 eg a He kept calm in face of great danger 面临巨大危险他还是保持镇静 b He leads a quiet life 他过着平淡的生活 c Ask the children to keep silent 让孩子们保持安静 d Please keep stay still while I take your photo 我给你拍照时请别动 concern concern anxiety anxiety carecare 与与 worryworry 1 concern 语气较轻 指对非常下的人或物的担忧 anxiety 担忧 挂念 焦急 指对未来的事或不能确定的的不安 主要是怕发生不辛的事 但 并非消极的悲观失望 而是积极地希望避免不辛 另外还有渴望做某事或获得某事的含义 3 care 担心 挂念 操心 不仅指感情上的担忧 也包括在理智上对某事的挂念和操心 4 worry 担心 烦恼 操心 是日常用语 指过分的担心或无济于事的忧虑等 如 eg a His child s future was his greatest concern 孩子的前途是他最关心的问题 b As his confidence in work increased his anxieties about it disappeared 因为对工作的信心曾加了 他对工作的担忧消失了 c Care had made him look ten years older 操心使他看起来老了 岁 d Too much worry had made him look like an old man 过分忧虑使他看起来像位老人 inin orderorder to to soso asas toto 与与 soso as as toto 1 in order to 引导的不定式作目的状语 可置于句首或句末 so as to 引导的不定式作目的状语 起位置一般在句末 eg