介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1 介词介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 一 关系代词引导的定语从句 一 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式 这类定 语从句的关系代词主要有 which whom whose 它们既可以引导限定性定语 从句 也可以引导非限定性定语从句 关系代词前该选用什么样的介词 要根 据不同的语境 习语 惯用法等来决定 1 1 介词选择的主要标准介词选择的主要标准 1 1 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose 人类的面部表情和动物的面部 表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的 to a degree The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief 你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷 tell sb about sb sth The English play in which my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success 那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成 功 in the play The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained 学校本身承 认 并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功 be trained for the job 2 2 介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands 我们的老师 与之握手的那个男士是谁 shake hands with sb 2 Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods from whose effects the people are still suffering 上个月 东南亚的部分 地区发生洪水 人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响 suffer from sth 3 3 介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country of which we are greatly proud 我们 的国家是一个美丽的国家 我们为之感到很自豪 be proud of The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress 同斯皮尔伯格 结婚的女人是一位演员 be married to The West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous is a beautiful place 西湖很美 杭州以西湖而闻名 be famous for The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor 他与之订婚的那个女 士是位医生 be engaged to 4 4 有时关系代词前用什么介词 要根据句子的意思来决定 此时不但要注意其有时关系代词前用什么介词 要根据句子的意思来决定 此时不但要注意其 前的搭配 也要注意其后的搭配前的搭配 也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woman running toward me in the dark Before I could recognize who she was she had run back in the dark Before I could recognize who she was she had ran back in the direction from which she had come 看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来 我还没来得及认清她 是谁 她已经从她来的方向跑回去了 如果仅注意先行词 很容易受习惯心 里的影响而使用 in this direction 的搭配 但考虑到语境后的 come 则应 该使用 from He was educated at the local high school after which he went on to 3 Beijing University 他在当地一所高中上学 之后他上了北京大学 after which 的意思就是 在当地一所高中接受完教育之后 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5 30 pm by which time many have got home 在办公室我好像总是没时间 只有等到下 午五点半 而那个时候大家都已经回家了 此句不能受 at 5 30 pm 的通常表 达的影响而选用介词 at 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词 5 5 表示表示 所有格所有格 或或 整体与部分关系整体与部分关系 时 用介词时 用介词 ofof The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months of which the sailing time was 226 days 这次环球旅行老水手用了 9 个月 其中航行的时间是 226 天 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 of which are sold abroad 这个工厂每年生产 50 万双鞋 其中的 指 50 万 双鞋 80 销往海外 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school most of whom were from Germany 我被告知这个 学校有大约 50 个外国学生在学习中文 其中大多数来自德国 I have many friends of whom some are businessmen 我有很多朋友 其 中有些是生意人 二 介词不能提前的情况二 介词不能提前的情况 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时 介词可以提前放在 which 指 事物不能用 that 或者 whom 指人不能用 who 之前 也可放于原来的位置 但 在含有介词的动词固定短语中 由于动词和介词的关系比较紧密 一般不能将 介词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前 这类短语动词有 listen to look 4 at depend on take care of look into break into get rid of look forward to 等 This is the room which that Lu Xun used to live in This is the room in which Lu Xun used to live 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间 The man 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句 二 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句 二 例句 1 Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music 2 They may start as a group of high school students for whom practising their music in someone s house is the first step to fame 3 Later they may give performances in pubs or clubs for which they are paid in cash 4 The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music most of which was based loosely on the Beatles 5 However after a year or so in which they became more serious about their work the Monkees started to play and sing their own songs like a real band 6 They produced a new record in 1996 with which they celebrated their former time as a real band 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句 是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句 型 介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词 5 宾语时 把介词置于关系代词前 即演变出 介词 关系代词 句型 例如 The man who whom that you spoke to is a teacher The man to whom you spoke is a teacher 一 基本构成一 基本构成 1 介词 关系代词 结构引导的定语从句中 关系代词只能用 which 指物 或 whom 指人 即 介词 which whom 1 The man to whom you spoke is a teacher 2 The city in which she lives is far away 3 The little girl is reading a book in which there are many cartoons 注意 当介词放在关系代词的前面时 用在介词后的关系代词不能省略 2 关系副词 when where why 可用 介词 which 来代替 关系副词实际上 是介词 先行词 其中 when 表时间的介词 如 in at on during 等 which Where 表地点的介词 如 in at on under 等 which Why 表原因的介词 如 for which 1 当先行词表示时间 定语从句中缺少时间状语时 通常用关系副词 when 引导 此时也可选用表示时间的介词 which 来代替关系副词 when I still remember the day when I came here on the day when 2 当先行词表示地点 定语从句中缺少地点状语时 通常用关系副词 where 引导 此时也可选用表示地点的介词 which 来代替关系副词 where This is the house where I lived last year in 6 the house where 3 当先行词为 reason 定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时 通常用关系副词 why 引导 此时也可以用 for which 来代替关系副词 why There are many reasons why people like traveling for the reasons why 注意 注意 1 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开 介词仍放在短语动词的后面 如 look for look after take care of pay attention to look forward to 等 This is the watch which that I am looking for 2 介词 关系代词 前还可有 some any none all both neither many most each few 等代词或者数词 表示先行词的一部分或全部 He loves his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad 二 介词的选择二 介词的选择 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 Eg Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles The school which that he once studied in is very famous The school in which he once studied is very famous 他曾经就读过的 学校很出名 2 根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配 The student to whom I want to be grateful is Tom 7 3 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 请体会 Eg 1949 was the year in which the P R C was founded 4 根据从句的意义来确定介词 My computer without which I can t play computer games broke down yesterday 昨天我的电脑坏了 没有它我不能玩电脑游戏 5 whose 可转换为 of 关系代词 型 They live in a house whose door opens to the south They lived in a house of which the door opens to the south They lived in a house the door of which open to the south 三 填空练习 1 This is the gun the hunter shot the antelope 2 The athletes he will compete come from Greece and Czech Republic 3 He ll never forget the day he was admitted to the Olympic Games for the first time 4 Th