英语虚拟语气的用法详解

虚拟语气的用法荟萃虚拟语气的用法荟萃 一 概念 虚拟语气是指和现实情况相反的假设 是对真实情况的主观臆想或是一种主观 愿望 二 虚拟语气涉及的情况 1 用在由用在由 if 引导的非真实条件句中引导的非真实条件句中 条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句 A 真实条件句 即条件是可实现的客观事实或者真实情况 如 If you heat ice it melts 融化 If I make a promise I keep it If we catch the early bus we will shall can may get there by lunch time If it is fine tomorrow we can play basketball 客观事实 If it rains I go to school on foot B If 引导的非真实条件句中 即虚拟条件句中 主要涉及到对三种情况的虚拟 对过去 的虚拟 对现在的虚拟 对将来的虚拟 谓语动词的时态变化符合 倒退一步法 对过去真实情况的虚拟 或者对过去事实完全相反的假设 公式 if had V ed 分词 从句 Would could might should have V ed 分词 主 句 如 If we had started earlier we should not have missed the train If she hadn t been ill she might have come If they had helped us we would have finished the task 实际上没帮 If I had made good prepatation I wouldn t have lost the job 对现在真实情况的虚拟 或者对现在真实情况相反的假设 公式 If V 过去式 be 多用 were would should could might 动词原形 If I were a bird I would fly to the top of Mount Hua If I had time I would go to the movies with you 实际上没时间 If I had enough money I would buy that new toy for you 对将来情况相反的假设 公式 If 动词过去式 should 动词原形 were to 动词原形 would should could might 动词原形 If it should were to rain tomorrow I would stay at home 下雨的可能性很小 If Kobe should come to our village I would take photos with him 注意 虚拟语气的倒装语序虚拟语气的倒装语序 上述 1 2 3 三种时态的虚拟句中 如果 if 从句里含有 should had were 或其他助动词 则可将从属连词 if 省去 将助动词 情态动词 be 或 have 放在 句首形成部分倒装 If I had time I would have done that yesterday Had I had time I would have done that yesterday If I were you I would go to the party Were I you I would go to the party If it should rain tomorrow I would stay at home Should it rain tomorrow I would stay at home 2 错综时间错综时间 if 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 通常情况下 在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的 但有时也可能指 不同的时间 这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式 如 If I were you I would have taken his advice 从句指一般情况 主句指过去 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning I would not be wet now 从句指过去 主句指现 在 If I had bought that ticket last night I would go to the theater 剧院 with you tomorrow 3 that 从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气 从句及其他特殊句型中的虚拟语气 A 在在 suggest order 命令 命令 demand 要求 要求 request 要求 要求 require 要求 要求 propose 建议 建议 move 提议 提议 command 指挥 指挥 recommend 推荐 推荐 decide insist 坚持 坚持 desire 渴望 渴望 urge 督促 等动词后的宾语从句中要用 督促 等动词后的宾语从句中要用 should 动词动词 原形原形 来表示愿望来表示愿望 建议建议 命令命令 要求等要求等 注意 由上述动词派生或转化的名词形式 如 suggestion proposal plan motion recommendation demand order desire request requirement insistence advice decision 等 的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式 如 宾语从句如下表 He ordered that all the books should be sent at once I propose that he should be chosen as the monitor 班长 The teacher demanded that all the students should hand in their notebooks after class The doctor insisted decided that he should not eat meat 表语从句及同位语从句如下表 His order was that all the books should be sent at once 表语从句 He gave the order that all the books should be sent at once 同位语从句 My propose was that he should be chosen as the monitor 表语从句 The teacher s demand was that all the students should hand in their notebooks after class 表语 从句 The doctor s decision that he should not eat meat was reasonable 合理的 B 在在 It is was 某些形容词某些形容词 that 从句的句型中从句的句型中 that 从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气 即即 should 动词原形动词原形 这些形容词有 important necessary 必要的 essential 关键的 及其重要的 imperative 必需的 natural strange advisable 可取的 明智的 desirable 可取的 possible probable 很可 能的 astonishing 令人震惊的 surprising desired suggested 被建议的 requested 被要求的 recommended 被推荐的 ordered proposed decided obligatory 义不容辞的 必须的 moved 被提议的 等 如 It is necessary essential imperative important that he should be given the chance It s ordered that he should come back without delay 他被命令不许回来迟了 It s very essential that we should learn to speak English under the background of economic globalization It s advisable that he should take part in the party 注意 注意 should 动词原形动词原形 或完成形式或完成形式 可表示惊奇可表示惊奇 遗憾遗憾 怀疑怀疑 不满等 不满等 I 用于 expect believe think suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中 如 I never expected that the new apartment should be so small II 用于 It is a pity it is a shame it is no wonder 等 that 等结构后的主语从句中 如 It is a pity that he should be so careless III 在由 for fear that in case lest 以防 等引导的状语从句中 用 should 动词原形 表 示 惟恐 防备 推测 的意思 should 可以省略 Eg He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged He walked out of the room quietly lest his mother should notice him 4 用在用在 wish 之后的宾语从句中 之后的宾语从句中 表示现在的愿望 从句谓语用一般过去时 be 换成 were I wish I were not at the party 我希望现在自己没在这个晚会上 表示过去的愿望 从句谓语用过去完成时或 could have V ed I wish I had studied harder last term 我希望上学期我学习更努力就好了 表示将来不大可能实现的愿望 从句谓语用 would V I wish he would invite me to the party this weekend 5 用在用在 It is about high time that 从句中 表示应该做 但还没做 从句中 表示应该做 但还没做 That 从句从句 的谓语用一般过去时 的谓语用一般过去时 that 可省略可省略 如 It s high time we went to bed 6 在在 would rather would sooner 宁愿宁愿 would just as soon 宁愿宁愿 的宾语从句中 的宾语从句中 从句谓语动词有两种情况 从句谓语动词有两种情况 表示现在或将来虚拟时 谓语一般都用一般过去时 如 I would rather you came next week instead of today 表示过去虚拟用过去完成时 如 I would rather that I hadn t finished the task 7 在在 as if as though 引导的状语从句中引导的状语从句中 谓语动词与谓语动词与 wish 的宾语从句的虚拟的宾语从句的虚拟 形式相同形式相同 如 He works with such enthusiasm 热情 as if he never knew fatigue 疲劳 He speaks English as though he were an American 注意 若 as if 从句表示的是真实情况 则不用虚拟语气 照常用陈述语气 如 It seems as if they know each other 真实情况 It seems as though it were already spring 虚拟语气 8 用在用在 if only 要是 要是 就好了 引起的感叹句中 就好了 引起的感叹句中 Eg If only the driver did