《新编英语语法教程》4-5讲ppt

Lecture4 NounandNounPhrasep p 39 52 IntroductionThenounphraseisaphrasewithanounasitshead Itisthenounheadthatdeterminesthewaythenounphraseisorganized 名词词组的结构 限定词 前置修饰语 名词 后置修饰语 amostlovelylittleboyinredatplayamostlovelylittleboylivingnextdooramostlovelylittleboywhosemotherisadoctorI Classificationofnounsandfunctionofnounphrases1 Classificationonnouns p 39 个体名词可数名词普通名词集体名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词专有名词 2 Functionofnounphrases p 40 1 主语Childrenatplayseldomrememberwhattimeitis 2 主语补足语Thatwasanattractivelittleblackchair Mygrandfatherdiedamartyrtohisrevolutionaryideal 3 宾语Theygavehimafirst rateeducation 4 宾语补足语Theyelectedhimchairmanoftheboard 5 同位语MrBrown directorofthecoalmine shouldberesponsiblefortheaccident 6 介词宾语 介词补足成分Withinthehousenothingstirs InthegardenIcanhearthesingingofbirds Icanheartherustleoftheirwings 7 状语或引导时间状语分句Hereturnedlastnight Aphotoistakeneachtime whenever thisbuttonispushed DoEx 4A 1 2 3KeytoEx 4A1 description2 arrangement3 attendance4 peculiarity5 expectation6 argument7 dependence8 originality9 exaggeration10 measurement11 purity12 persistence13 extension14 statement15 generosity16 entrance17 loneliness18 forgetfulness19 happiness20 seriousness II Numberformsofnouns1 Regularandirregularplurala Regularplural p p 42 44 b Irregularplural p p 44 45 2 Numberformsofthecollective material abstractandpropernouna Numberformsofthecollective 1 不能计数的集体名词 若要计数 须使用在语义上与之对应的个体名词 例如 p 46集体名词个体名词poetrypoemmachinerymachineclothinggarment coat etc 2 可以计数的集体名词 有单 复数形式和单复数意义 将其视为一个整体时 用作单数 强调构成集体的成员时 用作复数 例如 p 46中页 b Numberformsofthematerial例如 p 46中页 不可计数可以复数形式出现sand沙sands大面积的沙滩water水waters大面积的水域food食物foods多种食品coffee咖啡twocoffees两杯咖啡rubber橡胶rubbers胶鞋stone石头stones多块石头egg蛋渍eggs多个鸡蛋lamb羔羊肉lambs多只羔羊onion洋葱味onions多个洋葱头c Numberformsoftheabstract d Numberformsofthepropernoun p 47para 1 A 专有名词一般没有复数形式 除非词本身带有复数词缀 例如 theUnitedStates thePhilippines theNetherlandsB 专有名词以复数式出现时 普通名词化 表示某姓的一家人 如S1 p 48HaveyouinvitedtheBrowns 或表示同姓或同名的若干人 如S2p 48TherearetwoMissSmiths MissesSmithintheclass DoEx 4B 3 5 6 2 15 20 9 11 10p 48KeytoEx 4B 1 strangesounds2 foodsare3 chief tribes their salmon s 4 Therunners upweregivenpoundnotes Therunners upwereeachgivenapoundnote 5 bodies theirheroes6 mice tooth marks7 Crises occur families8 9 10 thesebusinesses11 12 fruitsare13 14 thesearticlesarewellwritten15 16 severalpersonalkindnesses17 18 sufferings19 professors20 childrenareplaying sands DoEx 4C 1 13 5 6 7 9 11 17 18 10 19 p 48 49 KeytoEx 4C 1 experience2 waters3 foradvice4 animportantpieceofinformation5 foritisfun6 werenotnumerous7 Poultry8 directorsare9 militia10 geniuses11 merchandisehas12 sympathies13 experiences14 weretimes rivalry15 clippings were16 lookers on17 foliageis18 photos19 12 pages20 Luggageis III Partitivesp 49 单位名词 表示事物个体性的词语 与单位词搭配表示 一群 一帮 等意思 它们与不可数名词组合起来 便可以 计数 了 单位名词 可分为 1 Generalpartitivesp 492 Partitivesrelatedtotheshapeofthingsp 493 Partitivesrelatedtovolumep 504 Partitivesrelatedtothestateofactionp 505 Partitivesdenotingpairs groups flocks etcp 50 DoEx 4D 1 3 8 9 11 16 20 24 25KeytoEx 4D 1 blade2 piece3 choir4 flash5 lump6 gang7 grain8 head9 staff10 collection11 fleet12 cluster13 bundle14 bunch15 team16 piece17 ear18 bar19 herd20 pack21 flock22 crowd swarm23 troupe24 bench25 grove26 collection27 suite28 squadron29 band30 libraryDoEx 4E 1 5 6 10 11 16 15 7KeytoEx 4E 1 5 BCADC6 10 CBDAB11 15 ADBBC16 20 BDCAB Lecture5GenitiveNounp p 53 59 IntroductionCasedenotesthechangesintheformofanounorapronounshowingitsrelationshipwithotherwordsinasentence Thegenitivecase possessivecaseshowsthepossessiverelationshipbetweenthenounanditssequentialnoun I Formation meaningsandusesofgenitive1 Formationofgenitivenounsp 531 名词 s 格Rulesofformationareasfollows a b c d e f 2 of 名词 格 2 Meaningsofgenitivenounsp 54a b c d e f 3 Usesofgenitivenounsp 541 名词 s 格 用于有生命的名词和表示国家 城市 星球 海洋 江河 季节等地理名称 以及表示时间 距离 量度 数量等名词 置于被限定或被修饰的名词前 作其定语 参见a 2 of 名词 格 用于无生命的名词之后 作该名词的后置定语 参见b p 55 注 当有生命的名词带有较长的后置定语时 也需用 of 名词 格 例如 p 55WP4 theopinionofthechairmanappointedamonthagoWP3 thesuggestionsofthosepresentatthemeeting 若名词词组由 定冠词 形容词 构成 或of 词组表示 同位关系 也须用 of 名词 格 例如 p 55WP2 theincomeoftherichthestruggleoftheexploitedWP1 thecityofRomethetownofBremen DoEx 5A 1 2 3 4 14 7 16KeytoEx 5A 1 myfatherhasacar2 thebullhashorns3 theprisonerescaped4 herparentsconsented5 somebodyreleasedtheprisoner6 somebodyassassinatedthePresident7 aletterfromthegeneral thegeneralsentaletter8 thecrowdfeltsympathy9 acollegeforwomen10 asummerday adayinthesummer11 theearthhasa rough surface12 theabsencelastedtendays13 adoctoraldegree adoctorate14 thebirdmadethenest15 thecommitteemadeareport16 astorytoldbythegirl thegirltoldastory17 thevolcanoerupted18 thevictimhadcourage thevictimwascourageous19 somebodypunishedtheboy20 thecriticsreceivedtheplayinahostilemanner DoEx 5B 1 2 7 10 3 5 6 8 4KeytoEx 5B 1 Thecomedianperformed andhewaswellreceivedbyahugeaudience 这位喜剧演员的演出很受广大观众的欢迎 2 Shewasthankful forherlittlegirlhadquicklyrecovered 她的小女孩很快康复 为此她非常感谢 3 Howtoeducatechildrenpresentsabigproblem 教育孩子成了大问题 4 Hewashappythathiswifelovedhim 他陶醉于妻子对他的爱情 5 Hedidthatbecausehelovedhiswife 他干这个是出于对妻子的爱 6 Theenemywasdefeated andthewarwasbroughttoanend 战争以敌人的失败而告终 7 Johnwaspleasedbecausehisteacherpraisedhim 约翰因受到老师的嘉勉而感到高兴 8 Shewaspunishedforstealing andthepunishmentwasayearinprison 她因偷窃被判刑一年 9 Ashehadservedunfailingly theservantwasrememberedinhismaster swillasareward 由于仆人忠实可靠地服务 主人在遗嘱中提出遗赠作为报酬 10 William shomeworkistheonlyexamplethatisneverbablydone 只有威廉的家庭作业一贯做得好 II independentgenitiveanddoublegenitive1 Independentgenitivep 57独立属格 独立充当句子成分的名词属格叫做独立属格 独立属格的使用场合 a Ex 5C3 4 5b Ex 5C15 16 18 19c Ex 5Cd Ex 5C14 DoEx 5C 3 4 5 15 16 18 19 14KeytoEx 5B 1 Dick sdecisiontoemigratetoAustralia 2 theexpansionofthePhysicsDepartment ThePhysicsDepartment sexpansion 3 anovelofJaneAusten s ThatlongreportofMrAllen s 5 Thosenewshoesofyours 6 thearticleofthestudent 7 Shakespeare stragedies thetragediesofShakespeare aship scarpenter 9 Thepunishmentoftheoffenders 10 thepastdecade sevents theeventsofthepastdecade11 theenemy sunconditionalsurrender theunconditionalsurrenderoftheenemy 12 otherpeople scriticismofhim 13 theyoungergeneration seducation theeducationoftheyoungergeneration 14 atJohnWiley s thebookseller s 15 anarticleofT Johns 16 thispolicyofthegovernment s 17 anidiot stale 18 ThatdogofFrank s 19 ThisbookofJoeHill s 20 Jane sletter 2 Doublegenitivep 57双重属格 of 独立属格 叫做双重属格 S1 Heisafriendofmyfather s WP apaintingofmycolleague sAbusinessclientofmygrandfather s 注 被双重属格修饰的名词可以和this that等指示 代词 限定词连用 也可以带which等疑问限定词或数词等 例如 p 58WPthisbrilliantideaofDavid sthatcleverremarkofyoursister s of 词组和双重属格有时可以交替使用 但含义略有区别 比较 Heisaf