2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Under the sea 4 Section Ⅳ Grammar教案 新人教版选修7

section grammarving形式的被动式的用法1(教材p20)i had already heard that george didnt like being kept(keep) waiting, so even though i didnt have the right clothes on, i raced after him.2(教材p20)as we drew closer, i could see a whale being attacked(attack) by a pack of about six other killers.3(教材p20)being badly wounded(wound), the whale soon died.4(教材p21)from jamess face, i could see he was terrified of being abandoned(abandon) by us.5(教材p21).when we approached him, i saw james being firmly held(hold) up in the water by old tom.ving形式的被动式的形式形式构成意义一般式being及物动词的过去分词与谓语动词表示的动作同时或在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生的动作完成式having been及物动词的过去分词先于谓语动词表示的动作发生的动作the problem being discussed at present is of great importance to us.目前正在讨论的这个问题对我们来说很重要。i appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.我非常感激两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。(1)系动词、不及物动词不能用于被动语态，其主动形式有时可以表达被动意义。the flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to enjoy the beauty of nature.植物园里的鲜花散发着馨香，吸引着游客去欣赏大自然的美。(2)need, want, require, be worth等后跟v.ing形式表达被动意义。as far as im concerned, the book is well worth reading.就我个人而言，这本书很值得读。ving形式的被动式的用法ving形式的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。其中，作主语、宾语、表语的v.ing形式的被动式为动名词的被动式，作定语、补足语和状语的v.ing形式的被动式为现在分词的被动式。she insisted on being given the hardest work.(作宾语)她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。i heard an english song being sung by a little girl when i passed by her room yesterday.(作宾语补足语)昨天经过她房间时，我听见一个小女孩正在唱英文歌。not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语)不让他出去使他非常生气。having been told many times, the naughty boy disobeyed the school rules again.(作状语)被告知多次了， 这个淘气的男孩还是又一次违背了学校规章制度。the museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)正在维修的博物馆将从明年重新对游客开放。ving形式的被动式的复合结构当v.ing形式的被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在v.ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)。i am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal.很高兴你能获得一枚奖牌。the decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。过去分词与现在分词被动式的区别过去分词和现在分词都可表示被动：过去分词在表示被动的同时通常还表示完成，而现在分词的被动式分为完成式和进行式。需要根据具体情况来判断。i saw him taken away by the police.我看见他被警察带走了。when i got off the bus, i saw him being taken away by the police.当我下车的时候，我看到他正被警察带走。the stone bridge built about 200 years ago will be pulled down.那座约200年前建造的石桥将要被拆除。the problem being discussed is how to make children take part in some activities independently.正在讨论的问题是如何使孩子们独立地参与一些活动。 单句语法填空1i appreciated being given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.2i often cant help being attracted(attract) by some news while looking through the website.3the foreign friends you mentioned are looking forward to being shown(show) around our newly built language lab.4every student should have homework examined(examine) once a day, which is the rule that every student shall obey in our class.5having been explained(explain) many times, he still couldnt understand the theory.6to avoid being affected(affect), the girl insists that she should be separated from her deskmate, who is very naughty.7tasting(taste) good and sweet, this kind of apple was soon sold out in the market.8written(write) in a hurry, this article was not so good.9our neighbor came close to being killed(kill) in a traffic accident the other day.10susan, together with her parents, was invited(invite) to the palace party last night.11injured(injure), he was sent to hospital at once by his classmates.12shirley was tired of the party and slipped away without being noticed(notice)13little alice didnt tell the truth to her mother, because she was afraid of being blamed(blame)14i, as well as you, couldnt stand being kept(keep) waiting for so long, because i was also very busy at that time.15i heard of his being chosen(choose) to be the sales manager of the company. 单句改错1when i passed by the classroom, i heard a chinese song sung.在song后加being2this problem is very important and needs studied with great care.studiedstudying3the boy was frightened of left alone at home, so he firmly caught his mothers hand.在of后加being4having asked to work overtime that evening, i missed the exciting basketball match.在asked前加been5to my knowledge, exposed to the wind and rain for a long time must do harm to the machine.在exposed前加being 语法与写作1这些天学校正在开展很多艺术活动，大部分同学都积极参与其中。there are many art activities being carried out at school these days, and most students are actively involved in them.2在那个公园散步的时候，我们看见工人们正在河上建一座桥。while we were walking in the park, we saw a bridge being bulit by workers over the river.3每个人都有受教育的权利，所以作为一名家长，你应该让你儿子继续他的学业。everyone has the right of being educated, so as a parent you should let your son continue his studies.4没有得到老师的表扬，我感到很不高兴。not having been praised by the teacher, i felt very unhappy.5被校体操队录取后，贝蒂非常兴奋。after being admitted into the school gymnastic team, betty felt very excited.6工人们无法忍受被这样对待，于是他们计划为改善工作条件而举行罢工。the workers couldnt stand being treated like that. as a consequence, they planned to go on strike for better working conditions. 单句语法填空1in order to avoid being_seen(see) by the english teacher, william walked into the classroom by the back door.2my brother is good at playing football and he dreams of being_admitted(admit) to the national football team one day.3being_made(make) fun of by his classmates for his disabilities when he was a kid made henry unwilling to speak to others.4only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and convenience of online shopping without the concern of being_cheated(cheat)5in recent years the government has taken many measures to stop the environment being_polluted(pollute) and therefore, the air quality improves a lot.6having_been_told(tell) many times about the harm of smoking, my husband decided to quit it.7having_been_praised(praise) for his performance in the english class, zhang hua felt more confident.8in the past, all members were_allowed(allow) to bring three guests per month at no charge.9my daughter tidied her desk tonight without being_asked(ask) to do it again and again.10the highspeed railway being_constructed(construct) at present will be completed at the end of 2021.11robert was frightened of being_fired(fire) by his boss, because he made a big mistake.12seeing my deskmate being_awarded(award) a prize on the stage, i couldnt help applauding him. 阅读理解scientific experiments have shown again and again that octopuses(章鱼) are pretty smart.they learn quickly，can solve puzzles and remember solutions.but the big question is why？there are several reasons why octopus intelligence is a mystery to many biologists.firstly，biologists believe that intelligent animals such as chimpanzees(黑猩猩) and dolphins develop large complex brains because they live in complex social groups and need to understand each other.octopuses live alone.secondly，other intelligent animals have long childhoods when they can learn from their parents.such animals also generally live for quite a long time，so having a big brain is a good investment.baby octopuses lose touch with their parents almost immediately after birth and then they only live for six months to a year.why does this animal need such a large brain？finally，octopuses are cousins to snails，oysters and musselsquite primitive(原始的) animals，which appeared on earth millions of years before mammals did.generally，biologists believe that intelligence increases as you go higher up the tree of evolution(进化)with their big brains，octopuses dont seem to fit this theory at all.they almost seem to be aliens，a strange mystery of the animal world.its easy to understand why in hawaiian folklore，people thought that the octopus was actually the last survivor of a lost universe.one theory suggests that octopuses and humans perhaps have a lot in common.like early humans，octopuses are physically much weaker than their predatorsthey have soft，naked(裸露的) bodies and they cant swim as fast as many fish and sharks which hunt them.this is why octopuses spend much of their time hiding between rocks or in holes，just as humans learned to make their homes in caves.octopuses have also learned some very effective techniques for hunting for food and this means that an octopus spends very little of its time(on average just seven percent) looking for food.but what do they think about as they hide away in their holes？perhaps the cruel turns of evolution，which have left them with large，playful brains but living alone in the dark at the bottom of the ocean.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对章鱼为何如此聪明进行了探讨。1which of the following about octopuses has been confirmed?athey have a poor memory.bthey prefer living in groups.cthey usually have a short life.dthey learn a lot from their parents.c解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的baby octopuses lose touch with their parents almost immediately after birth and then they only live for six months to a year.可知，章鱼的寿命不长，只能活半年到一年的时间。2why are octopuses like aliens?athey come from a different universe.bthey have a very strange appearance.cthey are the most intelligent creatures under the sea.dthey dont clearly belong in the pattern of evolution.d解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的octopuses are.primitive(原始的) animals，which appeared on earth millions of years before mammals elligence increases as you go higher up the tree of evolution(进化)可知，章鱼作为一种比哺乳动物出现早几百万年的原始生物，拥有大的脑容量并如此聪明，这很明显不符合生命演化的过程，因此被看作是外来生物。3what does the underlined word “predators” in the last paragraph probably refer to?acousins.benemies.cpartners. dparents.b解析：词义猜测题。由最后一段中的they have soft，naked(裸露的) bodies and they cant swim as fast as many fish and sharks which hunt them.可知，章鱼是一种软体动物，体力弱，没有捕杀它们的天敌游得快。 完形填空my daughter was in grade 10 at high school. she had been _1_ dyslexia(诵读困难). despite our great efforts to _2_ her of her many other _3_， she thought she must be dumb. any suggestions that she attend special education classes were _4_ because, in her estimation, that would _5_ that she was dumb.she battled her work at high school. when it came to examinations, she would _6_ with the questions, thus causing problems in writing answers. her math teacher, seemingly the only teacher who understood her dyslexia, _7_ offered to read the questions for her. then what was the result? she got a _8_ unheardof b for math. the _9_ of one thoughtful teacher had helped her enjoy life to the full, and she could now start to _10_ herself and her abilities, finally _11_ thinking she was dumb. without _12_ and thanking the math teacher, i would not allow this wonderful event to _13_. i phoned the school asking to speak to him, but received a very guarded “why？” from the receptionist. the _14_ in her voice was obvious when i replied, “i just want to express my _15_ to him.” “oh.of course.just a moment，” she responded and got the call through to the teachers common room. the teacher came on the line with the same sense of _16_. i told him, “i just want to thank you for reading the questions to my daughter for her math exam. not only did she get a b, but you have no idea of the _17_ impact your behavior has had on my daughters selfbelief and hopes for her future. my wife, my daughter and i all sincerely thank you.”my daughters _18_ with dyslexia continues to this day. _19_， she is now an experienced and fullyqualified family and youth care worker. with selfconfidence, she has helped and continues to help many people in her _20_ life and is happily married and now has four children.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿自小患有诵读困难症，后来因一位老师的帮助，重新找回了自信，并且长大后又继续帮助他人。1a.knocking into bliving oncsuffering from dthrowing offc解析：根据语境可知，作者上10年级的女儿一直患有诵读困难症。2a.warn bapprovecconvince dinformc解析：作者努力说服女儿相信她还有很多其他才能。3a.chances btalentschopes deffortsb解析：尽管作者努力说服女儿相信她还有很多其他才能，但女儿始终认为自己愚笨。4a.adopted brefusedcnoted dconsideredb解析：任何上特殊学校教育课程的建议都遭到女儿的拒绝。5a.confirm bexpectcsuspect dnoticea解析：女儿认为上特殊学校教育课程会证实自己是愚笨的。6a.communicate bstruggleccomplain dplayb解析：患有诵读困难的女儿在考试时会有读题的麻烦。7a.impolitely bimpatientlycunwillingly dunexpectedlyd解析：在考试中，女儿的数学老师似乎是唯一一个理解女儿有诵读困难症的老师，很意外地帮女儿读了题。8a.previously bparticularlycnormally dclearlya解析：作者女儿在这次考试中得了b，这是前所未有的。9a.company bcomfortcaction dadvicec解析：老师的行为对女儿帮助很大，女儿开始享受生活。10a.believe in bseek forclong for dhold ina解析：女儿变得自信起来，开始相信自己的能力。11a.enjoying bcontinuingcbeginning dstoppingd解析：女儿变得自信后不再认为自己是愚笨的。12a.contacting bknowingcseeing dpraisinga解析：老师对女儿的帮助影响很大，作者想要联系老师，表示感谢。13a.let out bgo bycgo through dlet downb解析：作者不想让这件事就这么过去，一定要向老师道谢。14a.surprise bexcitementcdisappointment dsadnessa解析：根据上文a very guarded “why？”可推知，传达员对作者的电话感到惊讶。15a.doubt bfearcappreciation dideac解析：作者解释自己打电话的意图，是要向老师致谢。16a.caution bstresschumor dsatisfactiona解析：老师跟传达员一样在接到陌生电话时也是谨慎小心的。17a.attractive bobjectivecserious dpositived解析：作者告诉老师，他的行为对女儿的自信及对未来的希望都有很积极的影响。18a.study bpuzzlecfight dpainc解析：女儿仍然在与诵读困难症顽强抗争。19a.otherwise bhowevercmoreover dthereforeb解析：虽然患有诵读困难症，女儿却最终成为关爱中心一位合格的有经验的员工。20a.potential bprofessionalcpeaceful dpracticalb解析：女儿现在不仅自己变得自信乐观，而且在她的职业生涯中还帮助了很多人。 语法填空a male mako shark(灰鲭鲨)，1._(name) hells bay，traveled a distance of half the globe，or 13，000 miles，in less than two years.according to researchers，it is the longest track recorded in the atlantic ocean by a tagged mako shark.the scientists began monitoring the shark in 2015.in the first year，he traveled north along the east coast of the us before 2._(return) to the tagging site off the coast of ocean city，maryland.in 2016，t