英汉互译Unit 5 Omission 省译法

Omission省译法 2 Pleasetellwhichtranslationisbetter 1 Ahorseisausefulanimal 一匹马是一种有用的动物 马是有用的动物 2 Heputhishandsintohispocketsandthenshruggedhisshoulders 他将他的双手放进他的衣袋 然后耸了耸他的肩膀 他将双手放进衣袋 然后耸了耸肩 3 DefinitionOmissionisatranslationtechniqueoppositetoamplification InEnglish Chinesetranslation itisgenerallyusedtoachievetheeffectofconciseness especiallyinthecaseofEnglishpronounsandfunctionalwordssuchasthearticle thepreposition theconjunction etc whichareindispensableintheSLtextbutnotintheTLtext Besides omissionisalsousedinChinese EnglishtranslationeithertogetridofredundantwordingorconformtoidiomaticEnglishexpression 4 Motivation OmissionisbasedonthedisparityinwordingandthedifferencesinsyntaxbetweenEnglishandChinese Ontheonehand wehavenoarticlesorinfinitivemarkersinChinese Ontheotherhand Pronouns conjunctions andprepositionsaremorefrequentlyusedinEnglishthaninChinese WhentranslatedintoChinese manyofthemshouldbeomittedsoastoconformtherenderingtotheaccustomedusageofChineseexpression 5 ThreePrinciples Omissiondoesnotgoagainst faithfulness Itdoesnotmeansubtractingcertainmeaningsfromtheoriginalwork Omissionshouldbeaimedatsmoothnessandconcisenessorsuccinctness Whatisomittedmaynotbenecessarilyconfinedtocertainpartsofspeech Actually anypartsofspeechmaybeomittedaccordingtothecontextandthetranslator stranslationtechniques 6 Classification I OmissionDuetoSyntacticConsiderationsII OmissionDuetoLogicConsiderationsIII OmissionDuetoRhetoricconsiderations 7 1 OmittingthePronouns2 OmittingtheArticles3 OmittingthePrepositions4 OmittingtheConjunctions5 OmittingtheVerbs6 OmittingtheImpersonalPronoun It I OmissionDuetoSyntacticConsiderations 8 1 OmittingthePronouns Butit sthewayIam ItryasImight andIhaven tbeenabletochangeit 但我就是这个脾气 虽然几经努力 却未能改过来 Heshruggedhisshoulders shookhishead castuphiseyes butsaidnothing 他耸耸肩 摇摇头 两眼看天 一句话也不说 9 2 OmittingtheArticles Thepenismightierthanthesword 笔杆子胜过枪杆子 Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritisasolid aliquid oragas 任何物质 无论固体 液体或气体 都由原子所组成 Youcanfoolsomeofthepeopleallthetime andallthepeoplesomeofthetime butcannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime 你或许能欺瞒某些人一世 或许能欺瞒所有人一时 但你不可能永远都欺瞒得了所有的人 10 ButSomeArticlesCanNotBeOmitted Heleftwithoutaword 他一句话也没说就走了 numeral one Hesaidthathewasgettingadollaramile 他说他每开一英里就赚一块钱 one Thechildrenareofanage 这些孩子都是同岁的 acertain 11 3 OmittingthePrepositionsThedifferencebetweenthetwomachinesconsistsinpower 这两台机器的差别在于功率不同 OuraircraftmothershipwascruisingnearWakeIslandonDecember2whenweheardhostilitiesweretobeginonDecember7 十二月二日我们的航空母舰正在威克岛附近巡航 这时听说战争要在十二月七日打响 12 4 OmittingtheConjunctions Likechargesrepeleachotherwhileoppositechargesattract 同电相斥 异电相吸 Inthecountrytherearenohonkinghorns nodieseltrucks nopollution justthesoundsofwindrustlingthetreeleavesandredsquirrelschatteringinthedistantoaksandcoolcreekwaterrushingdownitsendlesscourse 乡下没有汽车喇叭的声音 没有柴油卡车的轰鸣 没有任何污染 有的只是风吹树叶的沙沙声 只是松鼠在远方橡树上的嬉戏声 只是清凉的溪水沿着无尽渠道的潺潺流淌声 13 5 OmittingtheVerbsThesunisbright andtheskyisclear 阳光灿烂 晴空万里 AtpresenttheforeignexchangemarketinNewYorkisweakwhilethestockmarketisstrong 目前纽约汇市低靡 而股市走高 Becauseofeconomiccrisisofthehostcountry thisAmericanmultinationalcorporationhassufferedthesamegreatlossesasthelocalcompanies 由于东道国的经济危机 美国的这家跨国公司同当地公司一样损失惨重 14 6 OmittingtheImpersonalPronoun It Thisformulamakesiteasytodeterminethewavelengthofsounds 此公式使声音波长的测定简单易行 ItisrequiredthattheScientificOutlookonDevelopmentbethoroughlyappliedtobuildamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsatthenewstageofChina sdevelopment 中国在新的发展阶段要全面建设小康社会 就必须深入贯彻落实科学发展观 15 1 OmittingtheWordsImpliedintheContext2 OmittingtheMeticulousExpressionsintheOriginal3 OmittingtheChineseGeneralizationNumeralsAddedinAmplification4 OmittingtheGeneralizationWordsAddedtoCertainChineseTermsinAmplification II OmissionDuetoLogicConsiderations 16 1 OmittingtheWordsImpliedintheContext Asscheduled AmericanandChinesediplomatsmetonJanuary20 attheChineseEmbassy Itwastheirfirstget togetherinmorethantwoyears 中美两国外交官按照预定计划于一月二十日在中国大使馆会晤 这是两年多来的第一次 Hespeaksquickly thetoneofhisvoicesocommandingthatitsilenceseveryone 他很快讲了一通话 其语气非常威严 使所有的人都安静了下来 他用命令口气迅速讲话 怔住了全场 17 2 OmittingtheMeticulousExpressionintheOriginal PleaseexpeditetheL Csothatwemayexecutetheordersmoothly 请加速开出信用证 以便顺利执行定单 Forfurtherinformationregardingthissystem referencemaybemadetoU S Pat No 4374986 欲知本系统详情 可参阅4374986号美国专利 Wetakethisopportunitytoinformyouthatwearenowinpositiontomakepromptshipmentofthemerchandize 兹奉告 该产品可即期装运 18 与大多数野生动物一样 老虎在营养丰富 食物充足的夏秋两季 繁殖 生长 储存脂肪 Likemostwildanimals tigersreproduce grow andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable 3 OmittingtheChineseGeneralizationNumeralsAddedinAmplification 19 4 OmittingtheGeneralizationWordsAddedtoCertainChineseTermsinAmplification 蒸发作用修改方案优雅气质滞后时间周期变化冷漠态度转化过程积累过程测量方法 evaporationmodificationgracefulnesslaggingcyclingindifferencetransformationaccumulationmeasurement 生长部分预防措施傲慢态度欢乐气氛传送方式相对论活性化抽象化组合体正确性依赖性 accretionprecautionarrogancegayetytransmissionrelativityActivationAbstractioncombinationCorrectnessdependence 20 Omittingtherepeatedexpressionsoftheoriginal2 Omittingtheunnecessaryexpressionsoftheoriginal III OmissionDuetoRhetoricConsiderations 21 1 OmittingtheRepeatedExpressionsoftheOriginal Insteadofoneoldwomanknockingmeaboutandstarvingme everybodyofallagesknockedmeaboutandstarvedme 那时打我 让我挨饿的不只是一个老太婆 而是老老少少各式各样的人 Agoodbookisoftenthebesturnofalifeenshriningthebestthatlifecouldthinkout 一本好书往往是人生精华的缩影 22 2 OmittingtheUnnecessaryExpressionsoftheOriginal Remember youarenotanyoldTom DickorHarrygivinghisopinion YouareamanwhowassentasarepresentativeofBritishGovernment 你要记住 你不是一个普普通通的老百姓 可以随便发表意见 你是英国政府派出的代表 23 Summary 同增译一样 省译往往是译者在推敲译文或校对译文的过程中进行的 可见这类调整与译者的母语语感很有关系 从本质上说这是一个译文的可读性问题 readability 其关键在求得译文与原文在深层结构上的对应 而不求其在词语形式上的机械对应 24 Thankyou 25 PracticeChinaisacountryofpeoplewithapassionateloveofpeace 中国是个热爱和平的国家 Thefoundationwouldbeinapositiontomeetmoreofthevastunsatisfiedneedsofchildrenandyoungpeopleifmoreresourcesweremadeavailabletoit 如果财源多一些的话 基金会就会更好地满足儿童和青年人尚未满