《英语动词讲解》PPT课件

动词 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 一 实义动词 本身意义不完整 需要接宾语才能使其意思完整 Ilikethebook 2 自身意思完整 无需接宾语 Birdscanfly 及物动词 不及物动词 1动词 宾语IlikeEnglishverymuch 2动词 宾语 宾补Wepainttheshelfpink 加名词作宾补的词有 call choose consider elect make name 3 动词 间接宾语 直接宾语V sbsthV sthfor tosb 及物动词 1 动词 宾语 不定式 todo 宾补 adviseallowcauseenableencouragefindforbidforcewishinviteorderpermitpersuaderemindtellwarnexpectwish 一have let和make 此三动词是使役 使用它们要仔细 后接 宾补 略去 to 一感feel 二听hear listento 三让have let make 四看see lookat observe watch 2 动词 宾语 省略to的不定式 宾补 口诀 不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词 速记口诀 一感 二听 三让 四看 半帮助 妙语诠释 一感 feel 二听 hear listento 三让 make let have 四看 see notice watch observe 半帮助 help colour keep find get leave make paint cutEg Pleasecolouritred Ifinditinteresting 3 动词 adj 做补语 get leave keep set catch havesb doing see find watch feel hear listento discoversb doing如 他让我等了整整一上午 Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning 4 动词加现在分词做补语 过去分词作宾补时 常见的词有have get makehavesthdoneEg 我理发了 Ihavehadmyhaircut 我让别人明白了 Imademyselfheard 5 动词加过去分词 补语 口诀 能接不定式 又能接动名词 但意思不同的动词或词组 forget goon mean remember stop try regret 巧记 即 四 记 力争不后悔 四记指 记得 记住 忘记 计划 打算 继续 力争指try 不后悔指 stopregretting stop与regret bring hand lend mail offer owe passpost read return send sell show take teach tell throw write V 直宾或间宾 sb sth sthtosb book buy choosecook draw fetchfind fix getmake order pickpreparesavesingsparesteal V 直宾或间宾 sbsth sthforsb 1 没有被动形式 如happen occur rise lie die 不及物动词 2 主动表示被动的词动词 well poorly easily sell wash burn cook cut drive dress play last open write start run read operate break measure weigh1 Drywoodburnseasily 2 Theclothwasheswell 他跑的快 Herunsfast 他经营一家工厂 Herunsafactory Eg study fly run change 既作及物又作不及物动词的词 1 Shelookedforwardeveryspringto theflower linedgarden A visitB payingavisitC walkinD walkingin2 Iwouldappreciate backthisafternoon A youtocallB youcallC yourcallingD you recalling3 Thedayhehaslookedforwardto atlast A comingB cameC comeD comes4 MrSmithwarnedherson afterdrinking A nevertodriveB toneverdriveC neverdrivingD neverdrive5 Shepretended mewhenIpassedby A nottoseeB notseeingC tonotseeD havingnotseen D C B Exercise A A 常见的连系动词有 be become turn get grow keep feel look seem smell turn fall等 它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变 以及表示感觉 后面接形容词构成系表结构 Eg Pleasekeeptheclassroomclean Thebreadlooksveryfresh Hisplansoundedpractical 二 系动词 本身有意义 但不能独立作谓语 必须和表语一起构成谓语 状态变化系动词 go come turn grow fall getbecome 1 Theweatherwill hotforanothertwoweeks A lastB remainC getD turn2 Thehotweatherwill anothertwodays A lastB remainC getD turn3 Thebossmadethem 12hoursaday A workB toworkC workedD working4 Theyweremade 12hoursaday A workB toworkC workedD working B A A B Exercise 5 Haveyougotaticketfortheconcert No thetickets wellandthey outlastweek A sell weresoldB sell soldC sell havebeensoldD aresell sold A 6 Don tgetthatinkonyourwhiteshirtforit A won twashoutB doesn twashawayCisn twashingoutD hasn twashedaway7 Theytriedtogetthecar butitwon t A started startB tostart startC started startedD tostart tostart A A 助动词是 辅助性 动词 一般没有词义 不能单独作谓语 但可用来帮助构成谓语 表示不同的时态 语态 和数的变化 常见的助动词有 1 be am is are was were being been 与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态 或与过去分词结合构成被动语态 Eg I mlookingformypen 现在进行时 Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday 过去进行时 ThesecupsaremadeinChina 被动语态 三 助动词 2 have has had having 与过去分词结合构成完成时 Eg Theyhaveknowneachotherfortwentyyears 现在完成时 Hehadbuiltachemistrylabforhimselfattheageoften 过去完成时 3 助动词do does did 后只能跟动词原形 与not及其他动词结合构成否定句 或置于主语之前构成疑问句 Eg HedoesnotspeakEnglish Whendidhecomeback 4 will would shall should will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后 would是will的过去时 能用于过去将来时 两者后面都接动词原形 Eg Theplanewillarriveintenminutes 飞机十分中后将要到达 Iwassurethatwewouldwin 我确信用我们会赢 shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义 shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后 should是shall的过去时 只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后 两者后面都接动词原形 Eg Weshallmeetattheschoolgatetomorrow 我们明天将在校门口见 ItoldthemthatIshoulddotheworkalone 我告诉他们我将独自做那项工作 情态动词在英文中是 辅助性 动词 用来表示说话人的语气或情态 包括请求 命令 允诺 可能 需要 敢于 愿望 义务 能力等 情态动词本身有词义 但词义不完全 不能单独用作谓语 没有人称和数的变化 且后面只跟动词原形 情态动词的种类 四 情态动词 can thelpbutdo can tbutdo havetodoIcan thelpbuttellhimthetruth 1 Iusuallygotherebytrain Whynot byboatforachange A totrygoingB tryingtogoC totryandgoD trygoing2 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot A turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff D C 1 can的主要用法是 A Thegirlcandanceverywell B Canthenewsbetrue C CanIsithere can could 表示能力 表示推测可能性 表请求或允许 多用于疑问否定句中 2 could的主要用法是 A Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldn tbeadoctor 我三岁就能看书了 FathersaidIcouldgooutwithmyfriends could是can的过去式 表示过去的能力 许可和推测 B could可代替can表示请求 语气委婉 主要用于疑问句 Couldyoulendmeyourbike CouldIuseyourbike Yes youcan 3 Theycan t couldn thavegoneoutbecausethelightisstillon can t couldn thavedone过去否定猜测 mustdo be现肯猜can tdo be现否猜musthavedone过肯猜 1 Wemustalldie 人总要死的 2 Youmustgetupearly 你必须早起来 must 表示必然性 表示强制 义务 Wemustn twasteourtime MayItakethismagazineout No youmustn t 3 mustnot 禁止 4 must用于一般疑问句的时候 肯定回答用yes please或者I mafraidso 其否定回答用needn t或者don thaveto 5 表示推测 意为 一定是 语气非常肯定 近乎确定的意味 一般用在肯定句 must v对现在的推测Itmustbeeleveno clocknow Hemustgocrazy must have 过去分词对过去的推测must be v ing对将来或现在进行时的推测6 表示 偏偏 表达对某事的不满或责备等情绪 WhymustitrainonSunday may might may常用来表示 A MayIcomein Yes please B 表示请求 允许 IbelievethemanisfromEngland ButImaybewrong Theguestmayarrivethisafternoon 表示猜测 答语避免使用may 以免显得太严肃或太不客气 Theroadmaybeblocked 这条路可能不通了 Theroadcanbeblocked 这条路可能会是不通的 在疑问句中 表示可能性用can 如 Wherecanhebe 他会在哪呢 可能性从大到小 must cancouldmaymight C Mayyousucceed Mayyouhaveagoodjourney 表示祝愿 语气较正式 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许 也可以表示现在的可能性 但是比may表示的可能性更小 且might可以用于虚拟语气 may不可以 might的用法有 Shesaidthathemighttakeherbike 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用 Youmightgetsomehelpfromherifshewerehere 1 Iwilltellyousomethingimportant 我将要告诉你一些重要的事 will would Nancywillsticktoherwayoflife Itoldhimnottodoit buthewould will是助动词或是情态动词用于构成将来时是助动词 用于表 意志 决心 是情态动词 would亦同理 只是表过去 2 Ifyouwanthelp letmeknow willyou 如果你需要帮助 让我知道 好吗 Wouldyoutypethis please 请打印这个 好吗 Won tyousitdown 请坐下 好吗 疑问句中用于第二人称 提出请求 表委婉不是表过去 Thiswillbethebookyouwant Hewillhavearrivedbynow Theguestswouldhavearrivedbythattime Ithoughtyouwouldhavefinishedthisbynow Thiswillbethebuildingyouarelookingfor 3 用 willbe 和 will would have 过去分词 的结构表示推测 主要用于第二 三人称 前者表示对目前情况的推测 后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测 4 Wouldyouhelpus please 请您帮助我们 好吗 I dgotherewithyou 我要和你一块到那儿去 Teacherwouldn tallowit 老师不会允许这件事 表请求 would比will客气委婉 表意愿 表许可 1 PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光 构成一般将来时 助动词 shall should shall用于构成将来时是助动词 表 决心 情态动词 Shallwegobytrain Mom 妈妈 我们乘火车去好吗 Shallhecomein 要他进来吗 2 用于征求意见 是情态动词 一般用于第一一人称和第三人称 表 决心 情态动词 Don tworry youshallgetthebook Nothingshallstopus Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule Nooneshallsmokehere 3 用于表允诺 决心 警告 命令 或颁布法令规定等 用于二三人称 4 Youshouldkeepyourpromise 你应该遵守诺言 Youshouldcallthepolice 表示 按理说 It s8o clocknow heshouldbehereatanymoment 表埋怨 用于 Shouldn t Shouldn tyoubedoingyourhomeworknow should表示义务 建议 劝告 意为 应该 Igoouttoplay mum No you Youshoulddoyourhomeworkfirst A Might wouldn tB May hadbetternotC Must mustn tD Need mustn t B 2 WhereisEmma Ican tsayforsurewheresheis butshe beoutshopping A canB shouldC mustD may D 3 Theroomisinaterriblemess it cleaned A can thavebeenB couldn tbeC mayhavebeenD wouldbe A 4 How yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle A canB mustC needD may A 5 Whatdoesthesignoverthereread Noperson smokeorcarryalightedcigarette cigarorpipeinthisareas A WillB mayC shallD must C 6 HasMr TomWhitearrived Yes already hewaitoutsideorjustcomein ShallB MayC CouldD Must A 7 JanehasjustcomebackfromChinaandshelookshappy She hertripverymuch mustenjoyB musthaveenjoyedC mayenjoyDshouldhaveenjoyed B 8 Theterribleaccidentisunderinvestigation Actually quickeraction thoseworkerstrappedinthemine A mighthavesavedB musthavesavedC shouldhavesavedD couldhavesaved D 9 Hechosetoteachinawesternprovince thoughhe inthecityforabetterlife couldstayB wouldstayC couldhavestayedD hadstayed C 10 We hereatlunchtime weweredelayedattheairport though A couldbeB shouldbeC musthavebeenD wouldhavebeen D 11 HowIwishI mymouthbeforeIshoutedatmyum A shutB haveshutC hadshutD wouldshut C 12 Wemustapplywhatwehavelearnttoourdailyworkbecauseinnocase frompractice shouldtheoryseparateB shouldtheorybeseparatedC theoryshouldseparateD theoryshouldbeseparated B 13 Whohasmadeamessinmyroom Whoelse itbutyournaughtyson A coulddoB couldhavedoneC shoulddoD Shouldhavedone B 14 It sreallyawonderthatallthepassengersonboard whiletheplaneitselfsankintothefreezingHudsonRiverinNewYork musthavebeensavedshouldhavebeensavedwouldbesavedD mightbesaved B 15 You lateforyesterday classmeeting asitwassoimportant couldn tbeB shouldn tbeC mustn thavebeenD oughtn ttohavebeen 16 Butforyourtimelywarning we intogreattrouble Youknowwe refriends wouldgetB musthavegotC wouldhavegotD can thavegot D C 1 insist2 order command4 advise suggest propose recommend4 demand ask require request1 Heorderedthatwe should leaveatonce 2 Hisorderthatwe should leaveatoncewasright 延伸1 接虚拟语气的词 3 Heinsistedthathisbrother there A goB wentC goingD togo4 Heinsistedthathe nothingwrongand setfree A do beB haddone wasC haddone beD did was5 Hisvoicesuggestedthathe angry A isB beC wasD were6 Hesuggestedthattheboy senttohospitalatonce A wasB beC isD were A C C B 口诀 一坚持 二命令 三建议 四要求其宾语从句用 should 动词原形 should既可以省略 should也可以保留 一坚持 即insist 二命令 即order command 三建议 即suggest propose advise 四要求 即ask demand require request go come leave start return arrive stop finish borrow lend open close die become break join kill marry graduate buymarry bemarriedseat beseatedhide behiddenengage beengageddie bedeadbegin beonjoin beinborrow keepcome be stayleave beawaybuy have havegot 延伸2 瞬间非延续性动词 1 Hediedtenyearsago that stosay hehas fortenyears A beendiedB beendeadC diedD