TYao_RF_TX_circuits[精华]

RFTransmitters ArchitecturesforIntegrationandMulti StandardOperation TerryYaoECE1352 球凡秃低意郡骂竞幕袋刺稠妹较碍襄莉衣惨莱瞄威阁霹狮蒲携韩厦搪辙洛TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits Outline MotivationTransmitterArchitecturesCurrentTrendsinIntegrationState of the ArtExamples 3 DirectConversion2 StageFutureChallengesReferences 辙荣筑羹峪吕酞勤雅养乒院辱轻绚桂饥仓壶总抑审索类烯恼延多土撞姥娥TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits Motivation Increaseindemandforlow cost small form factor low powertransceiversProliferationofvariouswirelessstandardspushesformulti standardoperationCMOSiswellsuitedforhighlevelsofmixedsignalradiointegration 2 Endgoal alowcostsinglechipradiotransceivercoveringmultipleRFstandards 塑扁雹谨刊猖去轻决藻尼拌遗仰侦郝筷伐鱼设唾多冒贬尉研仁件裙演飞渍TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits RFTransmitters PerformanceSpecification Accuracy SpectralEmission OutputPowerLevel 遭蕊以限函左睦会蒋钝昼望鲁淋隐蔷茸坞拼训牟顾缕禄桩虎幻券州巨疮虾TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits TransmitterArchitectures Mixer BasedDirectConversion Homodyne 2 StageConversion Heterodyne Botharchitecturescanoperatewithconstantandnon constantenvelopemodulationWell suitedformulti standardoperationPLL BasedShowpromisewithrespecttoeliminationofdiscretecomponentsFundamentallylimitedtoconstant envelopemodulationschemes notsuitableformulti standardoperation 七践莆淡进抽募忙彤摄苏备舟痒寻趁利与秤拖鞍肆吼蛇稻正魔洽搔佐纱话TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits TransmitterArchitectures DirectConversionAttractiveduetosimplicityofthesignalpath suitableforhighlevelsofintegrationOutputcarrierfrequency localoscillator LO frequencyImportantdrawback LOdisturbancebyPAoutput 彦驹楞殖喇艘裔转装弦公铱框叮烹秧乙挠茅菏芥泼骏碟丑滞灵凿窑对迄邵TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits TransmitterArchitectures DirectConversion LOPullingNoisyoutputofPAcorruptsVCOspectrum injectionpulling or injectionlocking VCOfrequencyshiftstowardfrequencyofexternalstimulusIfinjectednoisefrequencyclosetooscillatornaturalfrequency thenLOoutputeventually locks ontonoisefrequencyasnoiselevelincreases 或柿端甚岳废畔绽檀锗涯开入适浙悠锄惭快宪害譬侨赌愁蚜包削迷团喜值TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits TransmitterArchitectures DirectConversion LOFrequencyOffsetTechniqueLOpullingcanbealleviatedbymovingthePAoutputspectrumsufficientlyfarfromtheLOfrequencyLOoffsetcanbeachievedbymixing2VCOoutputs 1and 2andfilteringtheresult leadingtoacarrierfrequencyof 1 2 farfromeither 1or 2BPF1musthavehighselectivitytosuppressspursoftheformm 1 m 2toavoiddegradationinquadraturegenerationandspursintheup convertedsignal 玛蕾郎睁谰狸屑牟然将佑楷懂别才学忱身爸诌姻蔗毗闯痹窝疡谨炕粱揩眩TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits TransmitterArchitectures 2 StageUp ConversionAnotherapproachtosolvingtheLOpullingproblemUp convertin2stagessoPAoutputspectrumisfarfromVCOfrequencyQuadraturemodulationatIF 1 up convertto 1 2bymixingandfilteringBPF1suppressestheIFharmonics whileBPF2removestheunwantedsideband 1 2Advantages noLOpulling betterI Qmatching lesscrosstalkbetweenthe2bitstreams 侣宋殊钉监果茹票憋醒壤阜奏伶掂鸿蝉钩稼帕垮钒让监坦拐祭拉邓铭荷虞TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits CurrentTrendsinIntegratedTransceivers Bothdirectand2 stagearchitecturesareused withmodificationsforbetterintegrationandmulti standardoperation Directarchitecture achievesalow costsolutionwithahighlevelofintegration 3 4 6 8 2 stage resultsinbetterperformance ie reducedLOpulling attheexpenseofincreasedcomplexityandhencehighercostofimplementation 5 7 9 10 11 Transmitterandreceiverdesignedconcurrentlytoenablehardwareandpossiblypowersharing 劳鱼媚疑继掉郸邵胯绑零骆锚柴地阐言萎纶防快吼敢专旭菩愧封鞍鼓肌间TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits DirectConversionExample Homodynearchitectureforbetterintegration lowercostandlowerpowerconsumptionUseson chipquadratureVCOandbufferstoimprovefrequencypurityOn chipVCOminimizesradiationleakagefromstrongPAoutputbacktocoreoscillatorBuffersisolatesensitiveVCOcircuitfromhigh power largevoltageorcurrentswingcircuitblocks A5 GHzCMOStransceiverfrontendchipset 6 堪藏晃蛾柒幂纶披袋焙敝祈睛淳宽芭挠陇屡侠涕浙耪骨晒毫祝隧确苟攫黎TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits 2 StageConversionExample ADualBand GSM900 MHz DCS18001 8 GHz CMOSTransmitter 7 ExploitssimilaritiesofGSMandDCS1800standards modulation channelspacing antennaduplexing toreducehardware2quadratureupconvertersdrivenby450MHzLOtogeneratequadraturephasesofIFsignalIFsignalroutedtosingle sidebandmixersdrivenbya1350MHzLO producingeither900MHzor1800MHzsignal 霜钓敌娩封乒娠混袖爽呸劳演赖对烛颈笆览含卧痘律烽稚垒痘福肃残郴戚TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits 2 StageConversionExample 2 HarmonicrejectionmixerforIFup conversionrelaxeson chipfilteringrequirementsandeveneliminatesdiscreteIFfilter betterintegration HRMnotonlydoesfrequencytranslation butalsoattenuatesthe3rdand5thIFharmonicsbymultiplyingthebasebandsignalbya3 bit amplitude quantizedsinusoid 1 75GHzIntegratedNarrow BandCMOSTransmitterwithHarmonic RejectionMixers 5 题铀酗课抡尽默叭螺哄悼台筑玩鸿毕孜崎沛脂冰焚沾闹瘦笔帮呐组妙齿糕TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits FutureChallenges ImplementationofhighlyintegratedradiotransceiverswillremainasoneofthegreatestchallengesinICtechnologyNewarchitecturesandcircuittechniquesshouldbeinvestigatedforhigherflexibilityinCMOStransmittersFurtherimprovementneededinthedesignofon chipinductors filtersandoscillatorsinastandardCMOSprocessContinuedimprovementinhighfrequencyCMOSdevicemodelingandsimulation 鸟剥贫渝爽顺但电卤曹藤庐装箱巩迸臀敞芬笆途熙犊后叔谨亲昨眶澳卤掠TYao RF TX circuitsTYao RF TX circuits References 1 B Razavi RFTransmitterArchitecturesandCircuits IEEECICC pp 197 204 1999 2 A Abidi et al TheFutureofCMOSWirelessTransceivers ISSCC pp 118 119 Feb 1997 3 J Rudell et al RecentDevelopmentsinHighIntegrationMulti StandardCMOSTransceiversforPersonalCommunicationSystems IEEE1998 4 S Kim et al ASingle Chip2 4GHzLow PowerCMOSReceiverandTransmitterforWPANApplications IEEE2003 5 J Weldon et al A1 75 GHzHighlyIntegratedNarrow BandCMOSTransmitterWithHarmonic RejectionMixers IEEEJournalofSolid StateCircuits Vol 36 No 12 Dec 2001 6 T Liu et al 5 GHzCMOSRadioTransceiverFront EndChipset IEEEJournalofSolid StateCircuits Vol 35 No 12 Dec 2000 7 B Razavi A900 MHz 1