新编英语教程5课文修辞

TheFiguresOfSpeech figuresofspeech即修辞格 修辞手法 含明喻Simile暗喻Metaphor拟人personification夸张Hyperbole委婉语Euphemism反语Irony对偶Antithesis转喻Metonymy间接肯定法Litotes类比Analogy提喻Synecdoche拟声Onomatopoeia反论Paradox矛盾修饰法Oxymoron双关Pun转移修饰TransferredEpithet一语双叙Syllepsis对照Contrast排比Parallelism头韵Alliteration 1 Simile 明喻 Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristic 特性 incommon Tomakethecomparison wordslikeas as as asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother Forexample Ascoldwaterstoathirstysoul soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry Example Likethesorcererofold Unit5ThePlug inDrug TVandtheAmericanFamily Part HedoesnotgointothevalleysofPennsylvaniawherethetownslooklikemoviesetsofWalesinthethirties Unit4TheInvisiblePoor 2 Metaphor 暗喻 Itislikeasimile alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements butunlikeasimile thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated Forexample theworldisastage Example beautyandmythsareperennialmasksofpoverty Morethanthat theyrealizethattheexistenceofareservoiorofcheap unorganizedlaborisamenacetowagesandworkingconditionsthroughouttheentireeconomy Unit4TheInvisiblePoor Weareinthemidstofafull scaleWar Unite5ThePlug inDrug TVandtheAmericanFamily Part 3 Synecdoche 提喻 Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole orthewholeforthepart Forinstance theysaythere sbreadandworkforall Shewasdressedinsilks Example Theyhavenoface theyhavenovoice Unit4TheInvisiblePoor Inunskilledoruncaringhandsahandmadebasketorboatcanfallapartasquicklyasbasketsorboatsmadebymachines Unit8WhyNothingWorks 4 antonomasia 换喻 Ithasalsotodowithsubstitution Itisnotoftenmentionednow thoughitisstillinfrequentuse Forexample Solomonforawiseman Danielforawiseandfairjudge Judasforatraitor Orperhapshelooksatarun downmountainhouseand rememberingRousseauratherthanseeingwithhiseyes Unit4TheInvisiblePoor 5 Oxymoron 矛盾修饰 Itisacompressedparadox 似非而是的论点 formedbytheconjoining 结合 oftwocontrasting contradictory 对立物 orincongruous 不协调 termsasinbitter sweetmemories orderlychaos 混乱 andproudhumility 侮辱 Forexample Nolight butratherdarknessvisible Example Thisnewsegregationofpovertyiscompoundedbyawell meaningignorance TherearetensofthousandsofAmericansinthebigcitieswhoarewearingshoes perhapesevenastylishlycutsuitordress andyetarehungry Unit4TheInvisiblePoor 6 Hyperbole 夸张 Itisthedeliberate 故意的 useofoverstatement 夸大 言过其实 orexaggerationtoachieveemphasis Forinstance healmostdiedlaughing Example Butgenerallytheydonotdisturbthequitestreetsofthemiddleclass Asagroup theyareatomized Unit4TheInvisiblePoor Myopinion whichisbasedonmorethanadecadeintheclassroom isthatlearningskyrockets Unit7GroupingtheGifted Pro 7 Euphemism 委婉 Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive 无冒犯 expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant Forinstance wereferto die as passaway Example Agoodnumberofthem over8 000 000 aresixty fiveyearsofageorbetter Itisoneofthecruelestironiesofsociallifeinadvancedcountriesthatthedispossessed Unit4TheInvisiblePoor 8 Irony 反语 Itisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense Forinstance Itwouldbeafinethingindeednotknowingwhattimeitwasinthemorning Example Sometimestheyadvertisetheirpovertythroughaluridtabloidstoryaboutagangkilling Unit4TheInvisiblePoor Clearlythereisaneedforfirst ratechildren sshowsatthistime Unit5ThePlug inDrug TVandtheAmericanFamily Part Thechildren seveningisregimentedwithanalmostmilitaryprecision Unit5ThePlug inDrug TVandtheAmericanFamily Part Ifeducatorssincerelydesiretopromoteindividualgrowthandself respect Unit7GroupingtheGifted Pro 9 Personification 拟人 Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals orlifeandpersonalattributes 赋予 toinanimate 无生命的 objects ortoideasandabstractions 抽象 Forexample thewindwhistledthroughthetrees Example whichnurturedsomanycivilizations isgravelyill Unit2BewaretheDirtySea 10 TransferredEpithet 转类形容词 Itisafigureofspeechwhereanepithet anadjectiveordescriptivephrase istransferredfromthenounitshouldrightlymodify 修饰 toanothertowhichitdoesnotreallyapplyorbelong Forinstance Ispentsleeplessnightsonmyproject Example Themournfullitanyofdiseaseiscausedbysewage Unit2BewaretheDirySea Evenpeoplewithterriblydepressedincomescanlookprosperous Unit4TheInvisiblePoor 11 Climax 渐进 ItisderivedfromtheGreekwordfor ladder andimpliestheprogressionofthoughtatauniformora