2009级国际私法英语复习资料3.doc

international private law is one of the departments of law, which adjusts international civil and commercialkm:l relations between equal parties with direct and indirect means in order to solve the conflicts of law(法律冲突).国际私法是以直接规范和间接的规范来调整平等主体之间的国际民商事关系并解决涉外民商事关系法律冲突的法律部门。Characterization: the process（pruses过程） in which a court must initially（ nl最初、开始）determining the nature of the problem submitted（sbmit 提交、呈递）; otherwise（否则）, it will not know which choice-of-law rule to apply to the case.识别是一个法院必须从最开始决定所提交案件性质的过程，否则，法院将不知道选择何种法律规范来解决案件。conflict rules: the rules decide what law is to govern vn in a special case by domestic（ dmstk 国内的）legislation（ ldslen 立法）or international treaties。冲突规范是由国内立法或者国际条约规定的，决定某个案适用何种法律的规范。Renvoi renvi: “sending back”, the doctrine under which a court in resorting to foreign law adopts as well the foreign laws conflict-of-laws principles, which may in turn refer to the court back to the law of forum.反致，又称sending back ，是指法院在适用外国法以及外国法的冲突法规则时，而该外国法中的规范又指回法院地法的原则。Reservation of public order is principles and standards regarded by the legislation or by the courts as being of fundamental concern to the state and the whole of society.公共秩序保留（公共秩序）是指由立法或者法院确立的作为国家和整个社会解决最基本问题的原则和标准。Legal act: an act that is intended to create, transfer or extinguish a right and that is effective in law for that purpose.法律行为是指以创立、改变或者消灭民事权利义务为目的，并因该意思表示发生法律效力的行为。Agency: a fiduciary fduiri relationship created by express or implied contract or by law, in which one party ( the agent ) may act on behalf of another party ( the principal ) and bind that other party by words or actions. fiduciary fduiri adj. 基于信任的代理是根据合同或者法律以明示或者默示的方式建立的一种信任关系。在这个关系中，代理人以被代理人的名义通过语言或者行动实施代理行为，且其行为效力直接及于被代理人的一种制度。Expropriation: Expropriation in its strict sense usually concerns individual transfers of ownership. This expropriation usually takes place for reasons of general interest and is done properly when it is coupled with compensation, determined by the executive power and, if necessary, approved by the judiciary. Expropriation ksproprietn 征收 in ones strict sense 在严格意义上 征用：严格意义上的征用通常涉及个人（财产）所有权的转让。这种征用的发生通常是基于公共利益的原因并在加之补偿下正确的完成，并且征用由行政力量来决定，必要时须经司法机关批准。National Treatment means that the legal status of a foreigner is the same to a domestic citizen.国民待遇是指外国人的法律地位和内国人相同。conflict of laws: A difference between the laws of different states or countries in a case in which a transaction or occurrence to the case has a connection to two or more jurisdictions.法律冲突是指不同国家不同的法律同时适用于同一个法律案件时，案件的发生或者处理会有两个或者两个以上的裁判的现象。Spread out the scope of lex situs.物质所在地法的适用范围Classification of immovable/movable不动产和动产的区分Scope of object 物的客体 物的客体的范围 由物质所在地法决定Types and content 物的种类和内容 由物质所在地法决定acquisitionkwzn , assignment, alteration and elimination lmnen 物的取得、转移、变更和消灭的方式及条件，由物之所在地法决定Method of protection物权的保护方式 Give a brief discussion on conditions of conflict of laws.简述法律冲突的条件Civil law differs from one country to another.一国民法与另一国不同Booming of foreign intercourse对外交流的繁荣发展Recognition of civil legal status for foreigners 对外国人法律地位的认可Recognition of extraterritorial kstrtrtril effect of laws subject to certain condition.在某些条件下，对外国法律对外效力的认可illustrate the elements of evasion of law.阐述法律规避的要素Conditions of formation1) subject: parties own conduct 主体：当事人自己的行为2) subjective intents 主观故意3) jus cogens/peremptory premptri: 强制的norms 规避的是强制性法律4) creation of points of contact 连接点的设立5) evasion being done 规避行为已经完成Spread out the new development of the application of law for torts.简述侵权行为法律适用的新发展(1)The proper law of torts and the most significant relationship principle.侵权行为的自体法和最密切联系原则(2)The partys autonomy of the will 当事人的意思自治(3)The law which is favorable to the victim.对受害人有利Give a brief discussion in conditions of arising of renvoi.简要论述反致的产生条件(1) adopting foreign law as a whole by the forum. 法院地将外国法是指为一个整体(2) conflicts of conflict rules of different countries不同国家冲突规范的冲突(3) sending of renvoi does not break off.致送关系没有中断illustrate the source of international private law.简述国家司法的法律渊源(1) domestic legislation 国内立法(2) judicial precedence司法判例(3) international treaty国际条约(4) international usage国际惯例Spread out the formula attribution.简述系属公式Lex personalis属人法Lex rei sitae物之所在地法Lex loci actus行为地法Lex voluntatis当事人合意选择的法律Lex fori法院地法Law of the flag旗国法Law of the place of the most significant relationship最密切联系地法give a brief discussion on the conditions of Preliminary Question.简述先决问题的条件Conditions of formation1) applicable law of principal ques