高考英语二轮复习 考点题组训练 专题3 名词和主谓一致1.doc

专题3 名词和主谓一致1(2016新课标)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.1honesthonesty句意：我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键就是“诚实”。此处是指“诚实”是他成功的关键，应用名词形式。2(2016新课标)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.2knowledgesknowledge句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们就能拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。knowledge“知识”为不可数名词，无复数形式。3(2016新课标)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.3yearyears句意：13到19岁的青春期是我最艰难的一段时光。根据句中的13 to 19 were可知，year应该用复数形式。4(2016四川)Mom has a fulltime job，but she has to do most of the houseworks.4houseworkshousework句意：妈妈有一份全职工作，但还是要做大部分的家务。housework为不可数名词，没有复数形式。5(2015新课标)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.5airsair句意：我们呼吸的空气越来越脏。air为不可数名词，不能用复数形式。6(2015新课标)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.he turned around and found that his parents were missing.6parentparents句意：一天，小托尼跟父母亲去购物中心由下文的“.he turned around and found that his parents were missing.”可知，是父母两个人，所以用复数形式。7(2015浙江)My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.7sidesides句意：我原来的教室很有趣，有三面墙是用玻璃做的。根据前面的three可知，此处side应该使用复数形式。8(2015四川)As I told you last time，I made three new friend here.8friendfriends句意：正如我上次跟你说的，我在这儿交了三个新朋友。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式。9(2014新课标).since thenfor all these yearwe have been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please.9yearyears句意：从那时起，这些年来，我们让圣女果在它们喜欢的地方自我生长。these提示year是可数名词，须用复数形式。10(2014浙江)A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket.Yet，they had so quickly offered the strangers their help.10strangersstranger句意：然而，他们迅速地给陌生人提供了帮助。本句中的陌生人就是指那张票的主人，是一个人，应用单数形式。11(2014四川)Stay close to your teacher and classmate.11classmateclassmates句意：靠近老师和同学们待着。从文章意思可知，此处表达同班同学应为复数形式。1(2016新课标，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top _(attract)1attraction句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。2(2016新课标，69)The nursery team switches him every few _(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed.2days句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候。every few days“每隔几天”。3(2016新课标，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)3achievement句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。4(2016新课标，46)Recent _(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly4studies句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。5(2016新课标，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.，influenced the _ (develop)of chopsticks.5development句意：一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展。根据空格前面的the可知，所填词应用名词形式。6(2016四川，65)Any smell might attract natural _(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.6enemies句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。7(2016浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late _(pay)may affect your credit.7payments句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。8(2016浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.8differences句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。9(2015新课标，65)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting)9paintings句意：我略过了对附近桂林的参观。桂林是一个游客们寻找石灰岩山顶和漓江深水的理想地点。画家们在许许多多的中国画中画过它。因为该词由many修饰，所以这里使用名词的复数形式。10(2015新课标，43)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able)to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.10ability句意：除了它们的朴素美之外，这种土坯房令人羡慕的是它们不用电力设备就能给房间制冷的能力。根据前面的形容词性物主代词their可知后面应用名词，故应用able的名词形式ability。11(2015江苏，32)Some schools will have to make _(adjust)in agreement with the national soccer reform.11adjustments句意：为了与国家的足球改革保持一致，一些学校不得不进行调整。make adjustments是固定搭配，意为“进行调整”。12(2014新课标，69).for most of us the _(change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.12changes句意：对我们大多数人来说，这些变化很缓慢，而且就像清理被污染的河流，需要很多努力和工作。所填词作主语，其前是定冠词，所以应为名词；根据谓语动词are可知应用复数形式。13(2014辽宁，70).Ill stop and take a deep _.13breath句意：我要停下来深吸一口气。take a deep breath“深呼吸”，是固定短语。14(2014浙江，6)We most prefer to say yes to the _(request)of someone we know and like.14requests句意：我们更愿意满足自己熟悉且喜欢的人所提的要求。根据前面的定冠词判断，本空需要用名词形式；request作“要求”讲是可数名词，此处是泛指，所以用其复数形式。15(2014湖北，21)Her _(motivate)for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.15motivation句意：她写作的动机是她渴望为妇女争取到接受高等教育的权利。空格前有形容词性物主代词修饰，所以空格应填名词形式；再根据系动词was可知，用单数形式。16(2014天津，9)My parents always attach great _(important)to my getting a good education.16importance句意：父母一直很重视让我接受好的教育。attach importance to“认为很重要；重视”。17(2013湖北，28)He didnt selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle.Instead，he made a generous_(contribute)to help the community.17contribution句意：他不自私，没有把叔叔留给他的钱独自占有，而是慷慨地捐献出来帮助社区。分析句子结构可知，空格前是不定冠词和形容词，所以要用名词单数形式。18(2013湖北，11)I felt proud to be spending my time productively，dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed_(describe)of my travels.18description句意：我感到无比自豪的是卓有成效地度过了我的岁月，忠实地为后代保存一份关于旅途详情的记录。分析句子结构可知，空格前有不定冠词和形容词detailed，所以要用名词单数形式。19(2012浙江，7)Your _(perform)as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.19performance句意：如果你养成反思自己学习的习惯，作为学生你的表现将会非常出色。有形容词性物主代词修饰，要用perform的名词形式performance。20(2012山东，24)My first _(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.20impression句意：我对他的第一印象是，他是一个和蔼、体贴的年轻人。根据句子结构可知，空格前面有物主代词my和序数词first修饰，所以此处要用impress的名词形式impression。短文改错对名词的考查主要通过对句子结构及修饰语的理解考查名词的单复数形式。设题主要有三种形式：一是复数名词误用单数形式；二是不可数名词误用复数形式；三是复数形式错误。为此，考生可从以下三方面入手：1查看名词前面的修饰语，确定名词单复数形式。若有超过1的基数词，many，(a)few，several，couple等修饰，后面的名词须用复数形式。2查看谓语动词的形式，确定名词单复数形式。若谓语动词为are，were，have等，主语名词须用复数形式。3查看名词的复数形式，确定复数形式是否正确。特别注意不规则的变化情况。 (2015陕西)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.【解析】stepsteps句意：妈妈教我一些基本的烘焙的步骤。分析句子结构可知step是名词；根据前面的some可知step用复数形式。 (2014辽宁)Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.【解析】timetimes句意：我们就Cleo清晨的乱吠打过几次电话。本句中的time表示“次数”，是一个可数名词；根据前面的several可知，time须用复数形式。1查看句子结构。弄清楚所填的词在句子中充当什么成分。如果充当主语、宾语时必须用名词形式；充当表语、定语等时则应认真考虑。2查看修饰语。一是通过观察空格前是否有冠词、物主代词、形容词、指示代词、动词、介词等分析所填词是否是名词；二是考虑固定短语或固定搭配。3确定名词形式。根据句子中的提示词考虑词形变化，即名词的单复数形式变化、所有格等。 (2015江苏，35)Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize)【解析】apologies句意：去向你的母亲道歉，戴夫。我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉不满意。根据句子结构可知，这里需要一个名词作介词with的宾语。又因为apology是可数名词，所以这里用复数形式。 (2014安徽，29)Why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good _(suggest)【解析】suggestion句意：如果没有足够的钱买新车，何不买辆二手的？那是个好提议。作表语，前面又有a good修饰，所以应填可数名词单数形式suggestion。1(2016安徽合肥八中第一次段考)The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and will take you right to the Friendship Hotel.1minuteminutes句意：机场班车每30分钟一趟，会将你直接带到友谊宾馆。minute前面有数词30修饰，minute须用复数形式。2(2016安徽示范性高中第二次联考)First，we should adopt a positive attitude towards fail.2failfailure句意：首先，对于失败，我们应该采取积极的态度。根据介词towards可知，后面须用名词。3(2016四川成都外国语学校月考)He gave me all the encouragements I needed to be able to carry on.3encouragementsencouragement句意：他给了我能继续下去所需要的鼓励。encouragement是不可数名词，没有复数形式。4(2016湖南衡阳八中二模)We should not be slave of money.4slaveslaves句意：我们不应该成为金钱的奴隶。根据主语we可知，表语须用复数名词。1(2016四川成都外国语学校月考)Dont wait for an _ (apologize)“Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing，” says Dr.Luskin.1apology句意：不要等待道歉。拉斯科说：“多次伤害你的人也许从来就不会考虑道歉。”不定冠词an后须用名词形式，根据apologize可知答案填apology。2(2016安徽合肥市八中第一次段考)Like many popular restaurants in Paris，_(reserve)are hard to get at Dave，so I wasnt surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door.2reservations句意：就像巴黎许多受欢迎的餐馆一样，在Dave也很难预订，因此当我看见红色的门上挂着客人已满的招牌时并不惊讶。根据括号中的提示词及后面的谓语动词are可知，主语为名词复数形式，故填reservations。3(2016福建福州十三中高三期中)He pushed and pulled with all his _(strong)to move it.3strength句意：他用力地推拉将它(石头)移走。分析句子结构可知，with后面接名词，故填strength。4(2016湖南衡阳八中二模)He asked _(permit)to introduce his friend，whose name was Mr Wickham，and who had apparently arrived recently from London.4permission句意：他请求允许介绍他的朋友，他的朋友威克姆先生，显然是最近从伦敦来的。根据句子结构可知，此处动词ask后面须用名词，故填permission。5(2016江西南昌高三联考)Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of _(adolescent)5adolescents句意：专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康。根据句意可知，此处泛指“青少年”，用复数表示泛指，故填adolescents。6(2016山东临沭一中高三第一次月考)Girls are luckier than boys；they have more flexible _(choose)than boys.6choices句意：女孩比男孩要幸运些，她们比男孩有更灵活的选择。前面flexible是形容词，后面须接名词；choice此处应为可数名词，意味着多种选择，故填choices。7(2016山东临沭一中高三第一次月考)I have a strong _(believe)that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets，too.7belief句意：我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票。空白处前面有a strong修饰，说明空白处须填可数名词单数。8(2015广西柳州、钦州、北海高三1月模拟)So I asked her why she sat there in _(silent)8silence句意：因此我问她为什么坐在那里沉默不语。in silence“沉默”，是固定用法。9(2015山东曲师大附中高三阶段检测)About 20 percent of _(baby)feel nervous when they see strangers.9babies句意：约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张。baby是可数名词，前面有百分数修饰，故用复数形式。10(2015江西九江高三一模)There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of _(hour)10hours句意：当我给他打电话，如果他没接的话，他都会在几小时内回电话。可数名词hour前有a couple of修饰，故用复数形式。1(2014广西)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.1meanmeans句意：两位朋友之间的理解意味着两个人有相同的想法及相互信任。本句的主语是the understanding，谓语动词要使用单数形式。2(2014辽宁)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.2havehas句意：由于我们夜晚常要照顾小孩，因此清晨的狗叫一直在打扰着我们。本句的主语是动名词短语the early morning barking，谓语动词要使用单数形式。3(2014陕西)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky.3waswere句意：突然，许许多多的箭从天上朝我们飞来。本句的主语是复数名词arrows，所以谓语动词使用复数形式were。1(2016新课标，43)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.1is句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语，故谓语动词用单数。2(2016新课标，69)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.2were句意：孔子认为刀会给人们杀戮的提醒，用在餐桌上太暴力。主语是knives，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用were。3(2015新课标，67)Yangshuo _(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.3is句意：阳朔很漂亮根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时，又因为Yangshuo是单数名词，所以这里用is。4(2015湖南，27)It is important to remember that success _(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often _(take)years to achieve.4is；takes句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天做出的小努力的积累而且花很多年才能达到。因为主语success是单数，由句首的is可知是一般现在时态，结合起来用is和takes。5(2014辽宁，66)Jonny: Be patient！Tai Chi _(call)“shadow boxing” in English.5is called句意：忍耐一下！英语中，太极被叫做“shadow boxing”。根据句意可知空白处须填被动语态；而主语Tai Chi为第三人称单数，故填is called。6(2014新课标，61)In 1969，the pollution was terrible.It _(be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.6was句意：把这条河清理干净是不可想象的事情。根据本段第一句“In 1969，the pollution was terrible.”可知本段指事情发生在过去，应该用过去式；而主语是It，为第三人称单数，故填was。7(2013湖南，33)The university estimates that living expenses for international students _(be)around $8，450 a year，which _(be)a burden for some of them.7are；is句意：这所大学估计，一个外国留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元，这对他们中的一些人来说是个很大的负担。分析句子结构可知，第一空的主语living expenses是复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数，而后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面提到的钱数，故第二空谓语动词要用单数。8(2013福建，23)The famous musician，as well as his students，_(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.8was invited句意：那个著名的音乐家，还有他的学生，被邀请在2012年的台北花博会开幕式上进行表演。当主语后面跟有as well as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等时，其谓语动词的单复数形式按主语的单复数而定，又结合句意可知，这里应该用被动语态，且句子为过去时态。9(2012陕西，12)The basketball coach，as well as his team，_(interview)shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.9was interviewed句意：比赛后不久，因为表现出色，这位篮球教练以及他的队员接受了采访。主语后有短语as well as时，谓语动词的数不受短语的影响，仍与主语保持一致。根据时间状语after the match.可知，事情发生在过去，所以用过去式。10(2012湖南，35)All the scientific evidence _(show)that increasing use of chemicals in farming _(be)damaging our health.10shows；is句意：所有的科学证据表明，在农业中不断增加使用的化学药品正在危害着我们的健康。第一空前是不可数名词(all the scientific evidence)作主语，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；第二空所在的that引导的宾语从句中，主语是名词use，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。短文改错和语法填空中，解决主谓一致问题的关键是要找准作主语部分的中心词，从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。在此应特别注意以下几个问题：1主语后带有as well as，rather than，together with等词或短语的成分时，谓语动词的形式须由前面的名词的单复数来确定。2形单意复的集合名词作主语时，须根据所表达的意义确定谓语动词的形式。3形复意单的名词，如学科名词、数词或时间段等作主语时谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。4theadj.作主语时，若指人谓语动词须用复数形式，若指物则用第三人称单数形式。5主语前有every，each，many a，more than one修饰名词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.等连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式按就近原则处理。6从句、非谓语动词(短语)作主语时，此时一般用第三人称单数形式，但是what引导主语从句时，谓语动词形式需从意义上判断。7在倒装句中，主语在谓语动词之后，因此其形式须由后面的主语确定。8and连接两个单数名词作主语时，如果两个名词表示不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数；若表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 (2014四川)Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.【解析】gogoes句意：今天，我将讲一讲当听到火警时，你们该怎么办。时间状语从句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。 (2014湖南，32) All we need _(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.【解析】is句意：我们需要的是一小片土地，以便在每年的种植季节栽种各种各样的果树。作主语的不定代词all指“我们所需要的东西”，即a small piece of land，谓语动词用单数形式；再由从句时态判断，本空填is。1(2016浙江金丽衢十二校高三第一次联考)She took the lift to the eleventh floor，and the secretary showed her where her desk and her computer was.1waswere句意：她乘电梯到十一楼，秘书指给她看她的办公桌及电脑所在地。在where引导的宾语从句中，主语是desk 和 computer，谓语动词须用复数形式。2(2016甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student learn a foreign language，mostly English，from Day One of their compulsory education.2learnlearns句意：每个学生从义务教育第一天起就学一门外语，主要是英语。主语是each student，谓语动词用第三人单数形式。3(2016长春外国语学校第二次质量检测)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.3knowknows句意：你是我们班上最体贴的人，很了解我需要的东西。know是定语从句中的谓语动词，其形式由先行词person确定。由于person是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4(2016浙江嘉兴一中高三上学期能力测试)He get easily frustrated when they play with his favorite toy cars.4getgets句意：当他们玩他最喜欢的玩具车时他很容易变得很沮丧由于主语是He，谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。5(2016福建福州十三中期中考试)About one thousand graduates took exams for it，but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.5第一个waswere句意：大约一千名毕业生参加了考试，但是只挑选了几个人，而我就是被选上的人之一。根据主语only a few可知，谓语动词须用复数形式。1(2016湖南株洲高三质量统一检测)She also seemed to know when people _(be)upset and.1were句意：她似乎也知道人们什么时候烦躁不安在when引导的宾语从句中，主语是people，结合主句的时态可知，此处be须用were。2(2016安徽示范性高中第二次联考)Sports clubs often _ (competition)with other colleges and sometimes with community groups.2compete句意：体育俱乐部经常与其他大学进行竞赛，有时也与社区队进行竞赛。根据句子结构可知，此处用动词作谓语；再根据主语sports clubs可知谓语动词用复数形式。3(2016安徽示范性高中第二次联考)The one drawback to club sports _(be)that colleges often dont fund them.3is句意：俱乐部体育运动的不足之处就是大学常常不提供资金帮助。根据主语The one drawback可知，句子谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由后面的dont可知用一般现在时。4(2015河南洛阳第一次统考)I cant remember her face now but recalling the incident _(make)me happy.4makes句意：我现在记不起她的脸了，但是回顾那次事件让我很高兴。动名词短语recalling the incident作主语，谓语动词用单数。5(2014河北邢台二中、临城中学等七校期末联考)Saving money _ _(be)what you need to start several months before you move out.5is句意：在你搬出去之前的几个月，省钱就是你要开始做的事情了。动名词短语saving money作主语，谓语动词用单数。6(2014河北唐山一中高三上期中)I was paid nine dollars an hour，which _(be)three dollars more than the school post office paid us.6was句意：我每小时赚九美元，这比学校邮局支付我们的要多三美元。定语从句主语的关系代词which指代nine dollars；表示钱数的名词复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数；根据主句时态判断此空填was。7(2014黑龙江哈六中高三期中考试)But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that _(threat)the only home they know.7threats句意：但是熊们对威胁到它们所知的唯一的家的危险没有任何准备。作定语从句主语的关系代词that指的是先行词danger，故从句谓语动词用单数；由主语时态判断填一般现在时单数第三人称形式。8(2014山西太原高三英语第三次诊断考试)We all got excited when someone spotted an Australian tailed eagle，which _(be)the symbol of the AustralianPacific railway.8is句意：当有人发现澳大利亚尾雕的时候我们变得兴奋起来，它是澳太铁路的象征。非限制性定语从句中作主语的关系代词which指代Australian tailed eagle，谓语动词用单数；从句所讲的内容是事实，句子应该用一般现在时，故填is。9(2014陕西西安第一次模考)Nowadays signs prohibiting smoking _(be)a common sight in restaurants，tea houses and shopping malls.9are句意：如今禁止吸烟标志在餐馆、茶馆和购物中心到处可见。分析句子结构可知，这里的主语是signs，再结合上下文的句意可知，要用一般现在时。10(2014湖南怀化高三模拟考试) A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents _(be)nearly 320，000 in Beijing.10is句意：最近的一项调查显示，在北京随父母从农村进城的孩子接近320 000人。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句的主语是the number，且句子为现在时态，所以填is。11(2014湖南十三校高三联考)Our school along with many other brother middle schools _(be)to take another joint test next month.11is句意：我们学校下月将和很多兄弟学校进行联考。分析句子结构可知，句子主语是our school，它后面的along with短语不影响谓语动词，而且由next month可知这里应该是be to do结构，表示计划或安排好的将来。12(2014湖南四大名校3月联考)They say that the football team as well as the coach_(invite)to the TV show to talk about their experiences during the past few years.12have been invited句意：他们说足球队员们以及教练已受邀参加电视节目来谈谈他们过去几年的经历。that引导的宾语从句的主语是the football team，其后虽有as well as.短语，但谓语动词不受其影响，仍与主语一致。集体名词the football team在此侧重成员，表示复数意义；由语境可知此处强调“已经”受邀，而且主语与谓语是被动关系，故填have been invited。 可数名词复数的规则变化 情况方法例词一般情况加sstudents，teachers，doctors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加esglasses，dishes，boxes，watches以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以“元音字母y”结尾加sboys，toys以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加e