一般过去时和现在完成时的区别.doc

区分一般过去时和现在完成时一相同点：1. 这两中时态中的动作都发生在过去2. 倘若这个动词的过去时是加ed构成，那么这个动词的过去分词和过去时相同 例如：I cleaned(过去时) the room yesterday. I have already cleaned（过去分词） the room.二不同点1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系。如果你只是要陈述你做了什么，陈述的东西和目前状况没有太大影响，就用一般过去时；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,到现在为止这个动作可能结束也可能继续下去。它不与表示过去的时间状语连用. 例如：(1.) I washed the plate. “我洗盘子了”（那么洗盘子这个话题基本到此打住，基本没有下文）(1.) I have washed the plate. “我已经洗好盘子了。” （强调做过，完成了。还有可能意思是，既然我已经洗好盘子了，我就该干什么什么了，或者你就应该履行什么承诺之类的。）(2.)I saw the film yesterday. 强调看电影的时间是昨天。(2.) I have seen the flim.我已经看过这部电影了（我现在知道电影的内容/ 我不想在看这电影了，我们选其他的吧。）(3.) I taught here for eight years我在这教过八年书（只陈述过去的事实，现在可能不在这教书了）(3.) I have taught here for eight years 我在这教书八年了（现在还在教，还可能继续教下去）(4.) I leanrt English for six years 我学过六年英语（以前学过，现在可能不学了）(4.) I have learnt English for six years我学英语已经学了六年了（现在还在学，可能还要学下去）2. 常连用的时间状语不同（1）常与一般过去时连用的时间状语yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening)：昨天（早上，下午，晚上）the day before yesterday前天last+时间名词：上一个 如：last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世纪）时间段+ ago：在之前 如：three days ago:三天前 a moment ago刚才this morning/afternoon今天早上/ 今天下午when+ 过去时的句子：当的时候 when I got upjust now 刚刚before 以前 或 before+时间点at the age of 10 （过去年龄段）：在10岁的时候in the old days 在古时候at that time/ moment在那时候（2）常与现在完成时连用的时间状语for + 时间段: 持续了一段时间I have lived here for 8 years.He has done his homework for two hours.since + 过去时间点/ 过去时句子：自从开始 since + 时间段 + ago：自从开始I have lived here since 2008He has done his homework since 8:00 p.m. / He has done his homework since two hours ago.just：刚刚I have just called youever: 曾今、 从来Have you even been to Beijing? Has he ever made such a mistake?never: 从未 从来没有I have never been there before.already已经I have already finished my homework.yet: 还（否定句）已经（疑问句）I havent finished my homework yet.Have you finshed your homework yet？before: 以前Have you eaten seafood before?I havent seen him before.so far 到目前为止I have finished 50% of the work.In the past + 时间段In the past 20 years, China has develped rapidly.副词JustEverNeverAlreadyYetBefore含义刚刚曾今 从来从不已经否定句：还疑问句：已经以前常用句型陈述/疑问句多用于疑问句也用于肯定/否定句否定句肯定句否定句疑问句多种句型常见位置谓语动词前谓语动词前谓语动词前谓语动词前句末句末句末用 just ever never already yet before填空他刚从学校回来He has _ come back from school你以前去过广州吗？Have you been to Guangzhou _?我以前从没去过广州。I have _ been to Guangzhou _.我从未吃过披萨I have _eaten pizza我已经看过这电影了I have_ seen the film / I have seen the film _你（曾今）坐过飞机吗？Have you _taken a plane?你(已经)吃过晚饭了吗？Have you had your dinner_?我还没吃晚饭I havent had the dinner _.3. 短暂性动词与持续性动词在一般过去时和现在完成时中应用： 短暂性动词可以用于一般过去时和现在完成时，但若在现在完成时中，动词跟since和for连用表示持续一段时间，那么要用持续性动词，短暂性动词不能用。例如：1. His grandpa died in 1990 His grandpa has already died. Hies grandpa has been dead for over 20 years.2. He left school at 5:00 p.m.He has just left school.He has been away from school for two hour / since 5:00p.m. / since two hours ago.3. I came to Saming in 2008I have been in Sanming for 8 years4. He joined the basketball team last yearHe has already joined the basketball team.He has been in / has been a member of the basketball for one year.5. My dad bought a car last month.My dad has had a car for one month6. I borrowed a book from the library three days agoI have just borrowed a book from the library.I have kept the book for three days / since three days ago.总结：从以上例句可以归纳出，短暂性动词可以用于一般过去时和现在完成时，但是用于有时间段的现在完成时中，这些短暂性动词要变形。用for+时间段，since+过去时间点/ 时间段+ago / 过去时句子 表示时间段died have/ has been deadleft-have/ has been away (from+地点)came - have/ has been inarrived- have/ has been herejoined- have / has been inbegan / started - have / have been onbought- have/ has hadborrowedhave/ has keptcame back - have/ has been backfeel ill have/ has been illgo out have/ has been outgot up have/ has been up练习：改错题1. My sister has been away yesterday2. He has waited fo