英语名词改复数的方法.doc

仅供个人参考名词复数变化规则和读音：1一般在名词的词尾加“s”， 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/例如：books, pens, classrooms，map-maps，boy-boys，girl-girls，pen-pens等等。cats 猫rooms 房间horses 马trees 树roses 玫瑰 2以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词在词尾加“es”， 读 /iz/例如：classes, boxes, brushes, dishes, watches, buses ，classes，foxes ，lashes 鞭子，pushes 推力，branches 树枝、分支，matches 火柴、比赛，coaches 教练，gases 气体，asses 驴子 但也有例外，如：stomachstomachs等等。 3以辅音字母加“y”结尾的名词应改“y”为“i”，再加“es”， 读 /z/例如：cities, universities)，factories，baby-babies，city-cities，country-countries，families 家庭，ponies 小马但以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数。例如：two Marys，the Henrys，monkey-monkeys，holiday-holidays，boys, toys 4以“f”和“fe”结尾的名词应改“f”和“fe”为“ves”例如：shelfshelves架子， knifeknives，leaf-leaves叶，wolf-wolves狼，wife-wives妻子life-lives，thief-thieves 小偷， calf-calves 小牛，half-halves 一半但也有例外如：roofroofs屋顶， cliffcliffs（悬崖）， hoofhoofs（马蹄）， beliefbeliefs（信仰）， chiefchiefs（首领）， proofproofs(证明)，safesafes(保险箱)，reefreefs(礁)， gulf-gulfs 海湾还有一些该类名词的复数形式有两种变化形式的例如：scarfscarfs/scarves（头巾）, dwarfdwarfs/dwarves（矮子）, wharfwharfs/wharves(码头), handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves(手帕)等等。 5以“o”结尾的名词的复数形式一般在词尾加“es”例如：heroheroes英语, echoechoes(回音)，potatopotatoes马铃薯，tomatotomatoes西红柿， mango-mangoes 芒果，volcano-volcanoes 火山，negro-negroes 黑人，cargo-cargoes 货物，buffalo-buffaloes 水牛，mosquito-mosquitoes 蚊子但以字母o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式是只加S，例如：zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos钢琴, photophotos, memomemos(备忘录), solosolos(独唱、独奏), kilokilos(公斤)，kimonokimonos（和服），bamboo-bamboos 竹子，kangaroo-kangaroos 袋鼠，mulatto-mulattos 白黑混血儿，6. 如果名词结尾是一个元音(即a,e,i,o,u) 加y，那只则在单数词后加一个s就行了。playplays 戏剧wayways 小路valley valleys 山谷donkey donkeys 驴toy toys 玩具boy boys 男孩guy guys 伙计7、下列名词的复数形式，也很特殊：analysis analyses 分析basisbases基础parenthesis parentheses 圆括号datum data 数据medium media/mediums媒介formulaformulae/formulas 公式memorandum memoranda/memorandums 备忘录phenomenonphenomena 现象goosegeese 鹅tooth teeth 牙齿foot feet 脚，尺manmen 男人woman womenmousemice 老鼠louselice虱子radiusradii 半径8、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数形式：abscence 缺席clothing 服装film 胶片help 帮助furniture 家具machinery 机械news 新闻scenery 风景sugar 糖traffic 交通9、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多：bellows 风箱clothes 衣物shorts短裤trousers长裤spectacles眼镜scissors剪刀shears 大剪刀police 警察(通称)wages 工资三、不规则变化主要有下面几种： 1变元音例如：manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth, mousemice(老鼠), louselice（跳蚤）child-children注意：、与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。 、German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；、Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2加(r)en例如：oxoxen, childchildren ，brotherbrethren 兄弟3单、复数同形例如：sheep, fish, deer, carp(鲤鱼), Chinese, Japanese, aircraft(飞机), means(方法), deer 鹿cannon 大炮，salmon 鲑鱼，trout鳟鱼注意：除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters4外来词例如：crisis-crises(危机), basis-bases(基础)，analysisanalyses(分析)，phenomenonphenomena(现象)四、特殊的复数形式 1一些不可数名词，如waters、teas等的复数形式可表种类，译： 各种各样的，例如：I have many teas at home. 我家有许多种茶。 2具体化的名词，如cloth、paper等的复数形式，可用来表示某种特殊用途的东西例如：Please pass me a (table) cloth（桌布、台布） so that I can clean the table.I can see many sweet papers（糖果纸） on the ground after the party. 3一些抽象名词，如thanks; wishes; congratulations; regards；greetings和cheers等用在英语句子里面时必须固定地使用复数形式例如：Best wishes to you! Please give my best regards/greetings to your parents.4一些数字，如1920s或1920s的，表示20世纪20年代例如：In the 1920s, he went to a European country. He was born in the 1960s.5整十的数字的复数形式，如thirties, eighties可表示“几十岁”例如：He joined the Party in his thirties. 他三十几岁时入党。6英文字母，如bs、fs、s(后面的“s”可以被省略)，的复数形式例如：In the word “differ”, there are two fs.We must pay much attention to the s at the end of the words.7人名，如Mary、John等可以表示“几个的人”例如：There are two Johns in our class, but in the whole school, there are six.8姓氏，如Black, Green等可以表示一家人或者夫妻例如：After dinner, the Blacks are usually watching TV at home.五、复合名词的复数形式，一般可以分为以下几种： 1一般在最后一个名词的词尾加-s或-es例如：film-goers(常看电影的人)、tooth-brushes（牙刷）、greenhouses（温室、暖房）、go-betweens（中间人）、grown-ups（成年人），maid-servant-maid-servan女仆，step-son-step-sons 继子2在主体名词末加-s例如：lookers-on（旁观者）、passers-by（过路人）、sons-in-law（女婿）、daughters-in-law（媳妇）、gentlemen-at-arms（侍卫官）、ladies-in-waiting（侍女、宫女），coat-of-mail-coats-of-mail甲胄，father-in-law-fathers-in-law 岳父，man-of-war-men-of-war 兵舰 3两个成分都加变复数，一般是与man构成的复合词例如：men-doctors（男医生）、women workers（女工人），但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。但英、美国家的人不用lady来搭配复数，因为它带有轻视的语气。而含boy或girl的复合名词中，boy和girl都不用复数，例如：boy-students（男学生）、girl nurses（女护士）、boy friends（男朋友）、girl monitors女班长六、特殊形式 1集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如：peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle.注意：the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。2以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数。b. news 为不可数名词。c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。3另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼。the keys:1D 2D 3C 4C 5A 6C 7A 8D 9C 10D 11C 12A13D 14B 15B 16B 17B 18C 19C 20B 21C 22A 23D24C 25A 26A 27C 28C 29D 30B 31C 32C 33B 34C35A 36C 37C 38B 39B 40C 41D 42A 43D 44B 45A46B 47D 48B 49C 50B 51C 52A 53D 54C 55A 56D57A 58C 59D 60B 61C 62B 63B 64D 65B 66C 67C68D 69D 70A七、习题：1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_.a little wage b. few wage c. wage d. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year.a. many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation4.Painting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many6.The large houses are being painted, but _.a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.a.much new furniture c. much new furnituresb.many new furniture d. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers9.Computers can do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself. a great manymany c. mucha great deal b. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many10.She didnt know _ he had been given.a. how many information c. how many informationsb. the number of information d. how much information11.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-armb. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.a. women doctors c. woman doctorsb. women doctor d. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.a. growns-ups c. growns-upb. grown-up d. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.a. stander-by c. standers-byb. stander-bys d. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-warb.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately.a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress18.All the people at the conference are _. a. mathematic teachers c. mathematics teacherb.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.a. some property c. propertiesb. some properties d. property20.Physics _ with matter and motion.a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are21.He has written several books, but his last works _ well known among his friends.a. have b. have been c. is d. are22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days.a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-lawb. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party.a. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friendb. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.a.barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _.a. Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helenb. Peter and Helens d. Peters and Helens26._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy.a. The earths surface c. The surface of earthb. The surface earth d. The earth surface27.Numerous materials are available to _.a. today of designers c. todays of designersb. todays designers d. today designers28.Why did you speak to Peter that way? Dont you know he is an old friend of _?a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know.a. This Johns old friend c. Thats Jahns old friendb. This old friend of John d. This old friend of Johns30._ is too much for a little boy to carry.a.A bikes weight c. The weight of a bikeb.The weights of a bike d. Biles weight31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday.a. little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of32.When they got to the lecture-room, there were _ left.a. only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope.a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working conditions there.a. a new equipment c. new equipmentsb. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work.a. little improvement c. many improvementsb. a little improvement d. few improvements36.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared with the earlier models.a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little37.No country can afford to neglect _.a. an education b. educations c. education d. the education38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _.a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. chapter the eight39._ is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes.a. The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogsb. The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent40.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test.a. business student b. businesss students c. business students d. businesss student41._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself.a. Three minutes call c. A three-minutes callb. Three-minute call d. A three-minute call42.The _ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem.a. publics chief concern c. chief public concernb. public chief concern d. chief concern of publics43._ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad.a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were44._ can get a better view of the game than the participants.a. Looker-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who _ at the scene of the accidents within minutes.a. were b. have been c. was d. has been46.Our livestock _ not as numerous as they used to be.a. is b. are c. be d. been47.One of the most surprising things is that _ may come from petroleum.a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrows foodb. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrows food48.Scott is an orphan but he received _.a. very good education c. a very good educationb. very good educations d. many good educations49.After several days hardworking, we have made _ on the design.a. much improvement c. many improvementb. several improvements d. some improvement50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yesterday.a. shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoess shop d. shoes51.Eggs, though nourishing, have _ of fat content.a. large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount52.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years.a. research b. a research c. researches d. the researches53.Recently, he has lost all his _.a. wage and saving at card c. wages and saving at cardb. wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards54.The countrys wealth comes chiefly from its many _.a. herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles55.In Britain the _ are all painted red.a. letter boxes b. letters box c. letters boxes d. letterss box56.Ten years had passed. I found she had _.a. a little white hair c. a few white hairb. some white hair d. much white hair57.All his _ far from satisfactiona. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done.a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage59.He was _ what to do.a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wits end d. at his witss end60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and _ with me?a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toasts d. tow pieces of toasts61.Accurate _ covering the fact are not obtainable.a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few _.a. how-are-yous c. how-are-yousb. of how-are-yous d. of how are you63.Albert said he met the girl _a. at his uncles Smith room c. at his uncle Smiths roomb. at Smiths his uncles room d. at the room of his u