成都英语介绍.doc

.Chengdul Origin of the CityChengdu, formerly transliterated Chengdu, is the capital of Sichuan province in Southwest China. It holds sub-provincial administrative status. The urban area houses 14,047,625 inhabitants (2010 census: 7,123,697) within the municipalitys nine districts and 6,730,749 in the surrounding region.Chengdu is one of the most important economic, transportation, and communication centers in Western China. According to the 2007 Public Appraisal for Best Chinese Cities for Investment, Chengdu was chosen as one of the top ten cities to invest in out of a total of 280 urban centers in China. It was recently named Chinas 4th-most livable city by China Daily. The fertile Chengdu Plain, on which Chengdu is located, is also known as the Country of Heaven (天府之国, Tinfzhigu), a phrase also often translated as The Land of Abundance. The discovery of the Jinsha site suggests the area of Chengdu had become the center of the bronze age Sanxingdui culture around the time of the establishment of the state of Shu, prior to its annexation by Qin in 316 BC.The city flower is hibiscus flowers, and city tree is Ginkgo tree.l History of Chengdu The history of Chengdu can be traced back 2,400 when the first emperor built his capital here and named the city. Through thousands of years its original name has been kept and its position as the capital and as the significant center of politics, commerce and military of the Sichuan area (once called Shu) has remained unchanged. Since the Han (206B.C.-220) and Tang (618-907) Dynasties when its handicraft industry flourished, Chengdu has been famous for its brocades and embroideries. Shu embroideries still enjoy a high reputation for their bright colors and delicate designs, ranking among the four main embroideries in China. Chengdu was the place where the bronze culture, an indispensable part of ancient Chinese culture, originated, the place where the Southern Silk Road started, and the place where the earliest paper currency, Jiaozi (not the dumpling!), was first printed. It is listed among the first 24 state-approved historical and cultural cities and owns 23 state and provincial cultural relic units.In addition to its profound historical and cultural background featuring historic places of interest such as the Thatched Cottage of Du Fu , Wuhou Memorial Temple and Wenshu Monastery , etc, natural beauty abounds in surrounding areas such as in the Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area and Huang Long Valley (Yellow Dragon Valley) . The natural habitat of giant pandas, Chengdu Panda Breeding and Research Center , supports the worlds only giant panda breeding and research base.Sampling the famous Sichuan cuisine is a must on a trip to Chengdu. Enjoying the food as well as the culture, shopping and having tea at a teahouse afford a deeper understanding of Chengdu. Improved land and airlines extending nationwide provide greater convenience. Chengdu is also the main inland access city to Tibet.l Chengdu WeatherChengdu enjoys a subtropical monsoon climate characterized by an early spring, hot summer, cool autumn and warm winter. The average annual temperature for the year is 16. The climate of Chengdu is mild and humid with distinct four seasons and plenty of rainfall. January is the coldest season when the average temperature is approximately 5 degrees Celsius, and July is the hottest when temperature can be almost unbearable. With the combination of humidity and surrounding mountains, Chengdu is almost always overcast/ the best time to visit is between March and June or between September and November.Average DataJanFebMarAprMayJuneAverage High ( F)48/5151/5560/6470/7478/8181/85Average Low ( F)35/3939/4246/4954/5762/6567/71Average High ( C)9/1111/1316/1821/2325/2727/29Average Low ( C)2/44/67/912/1416/1819/21Average DataJulyAugSepOctNovDecAverage High ( F)84/8884/8876/8068/7159/6250/54Average Low ( F)70/7470/7364/6856/6047/5138/42Average High ( C)29/3129/3125/2720/2215/1710/12Average Low ( C)21/2321/2318/2014/168/104/6l EconomyThe main industries in Chengdu - which include food, medicine, machinery and information technology - are supported by numerous large-scale enterprises, such as Chengdu Sugar and Wine Co. Ltd., Chengdu Food Group, Sichuan Medicine Co. Ltd., Chengdu Automobile Co. Ltd. etc. Many high-tech enterprises from outside Chengdu are also beginning to settle down there. Chengdu is becoming one of the favorite cities for investment in western China. Among the Worlds 500 largest companies, 133 multinational enterprises have had subsidiaries or branch offices in Chengdu by October 2009. These MNEs include Intel, Sony, and Toyota that have assembly and manufacturing bases, as well as Motorola, Ericsson, and Microsoft that have R&D centers in Chengdu. Chengdu has long been established as a national base for electronic and IT industry. The first telecom R&D centre was set up by an Indian Company called Primetel in 1996 and since then the city has developed as the global centre for the telecom R&D industry. l Transportationl Intercity High-Speed RailThe Chengdu-Dujiangyan High Speed Railway (成灌高速铁路) is a dual-track, electrified, passenger-dedicated, high-speed rail line connecting the urban area of Chengdu with the satellite city of Dujiangyan. The line is 65 kilometres (40mi) in length with 15 stations. China Railways CRH1 train sets on the line reach a maximum speed of 220 kilometres per hour (140mph) and make the full-trip in 30 minutes. The line was built in 18 months and entered into operation on May 12, 2010. The railway is built to withstand an 8.0-magnitude earthquake.On May 28, 2008, 16 days after the Wenchuan Earthquake devastated Dujiangyan and the western suburbs of Chengdu, the Chengdu city government and the Ministry of Railways agreed to build a high-speed railway line as part of the reconstruction of the disaster zone. Construction began on November 4, 2008 and involved 20,000 workers at the cost of Y13 billion. The line entered trial operation on April 1, 2010 and full commercial operation began on May 12, 2010, the second anniversary of the large earthquake that killed some 70,000 people in the region. The route uses CRH1 trains in eight-car train sets, which can carry 661 passengers. Each day, 15 pairs of trains are scheduled daily between Chengdu and Dujiangyans Mountain Qingcheng Station.l Chengdu metroChengdu Metro officially opened on 1 October 2010. The 18km North-South Line runs from Shenxian Lake (near northern railway station) to Century City (south Chengdu/Software Park). This is also called the number 1 line. The number 2 line is also opening in just a few months. Four more lines are planned to open in the (near) future.l ExpresswaysChengdus transportation network is well developed, and Chengdu serves as the starting point for many national highways, with major routes going from Sichuan-Shanxi, Sichuan-Tibet, and Sichuan-Yunnan.For the year 2007, Chengdu announced the official launch of 37 significant projects, including the Chengdu-Jianyang Expressway in an attempt to accelerate the construction of the experimental district. This project is expected to solve the current transportation problem, which is proved to be the bottleneck in Jianyangs development. Development of major tunnels and the Longquan Lake scenic spot has also been planned to integrate Jianyang better into the Chengdu economic circle.Several major road projects were also mentioned in the paper: a 15km tunnel from Shuangliu Taiping to Jianyang Sancha Lake; alteration of the National Expressway 321, from Jiangyang to Longquanyi, totaling 26 kilometers. There will also be a road that connects Longquan Town to Longquan Lake - it will be connected to the Chengdu-Jianyang Expressway and hence shorten the journey by 10 kilometers. The authority has yet to decide whether drivers will have to pay tolls to access the road.By the end of 2008, there are ten expressways, connecting the center of Chengdu to its suburbs. The expressways that will be open to the public by the end of December are the Chenglin Expressway, extensions of Guanghua Avenue, Shawan Line, and an expressway from Chengdu to Heilongtan. The toll-free Chengjin Expressway in the east of Chengdu is 38.7km long, with six lines and designed for travel at 80km/h. After it opens to the public, it will take only about half an hour to drive from the downtown Chengdu to Jintang, half the time of the current journey. The expressway between Chengdu to Heilongtan (Chengdu section), going to the south of the city, is 42km long. It is also toll-free and a journey from downtown Chengdu to Heilongtan will only take half an hour. The extension of Guanghua Avenue, going towards the west of the city, is 11.6km long with an estimated investment of 300 million yuan. It will cut the journey time from Chongzhou city to Sanhuan Road to less than half an hour. The extension of Shawan Road going north will be 8.8km long, and is designed for travel at 60km/h. After it is connected to the expressways PixianDujiangyan and PixianPengzhou, it will take only 30minutes to go from Chengdu to Pengzhou. Via the Sichuan-Tibet Highway, from Chengdu to Nagchu (near Lhasa) is a distance of 2028km.l Highway China National Highway 055 China National Highway 213 China National Highway 317 China National Highway 318 China National Highway 319 China National Highway 321l Public transportThe seven line Chengdu Metro subway system has been planned, and construction of Line 1 is complete. Line 1 started to operate at the end of September 2010. Chengdu was the site of the June 5th bus fire incident.l Air transportChengdu is served by the Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport located 16km southwest of downtown. It has been the busiest airport in Central and Western China and the 6th busiest airport nationwide, with a total of 17.25 million in terms of passenger traffic in 2008. The Chengdu Airport has constructed a second runway, capable of landing an Airbus 380, the largest commercial airplane to date. Chengdu is the fourth city in China with double commercial runways, after Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. On May 26, 2009, Air China, the Chengdu Government and Sichuan Airport Group signed an agreement to improve the infrastructure of the airport and increase the number of international direct flights to and from Chengdu. The objective is to have a passenger traffic of 40 million by 2015, making Chengdu Airport the fourth international hub in China, after Beijing, Shanghai, and GuangZhou. There is also a long-term plan to build a second airport in Jintang County with five runways. Upon completion, it will take less than 30 minutes to travel from Jintang to downtown Chengdu. l Railway transportChengdu is a major railway junction city and rail administrative center in southwestern China. It is the terminus for the Baoji-Chengdu, Chengdu-Chongqing, ChengKun (Chengdu-Kunming) and DaCheng (Chengdu-Dazhou), as well as the Chengdu-Dujiangyan High-Speed Railway. The Chengdu Railway Bureau manages the railway system of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Yunnan.New lines under construction include conventional line to Lanzhou and high-speed lines to Mianyang, Leshan and Chongqing.Chengdu now has four main train stations. Among them the North Marshalling Station is the largest marshalling station in China.28 Meanwhile, a new station for passenger transportation is to be built in a few years. l River transportLocated to the northwest of Chongqing, Chengdu has no direct access to the Yangtze River, or any other larger river. However, to ensure that Chengdus goods have access to the river efficiently, the port cities of Yibin and Luzhou - both of which are reachable from Chengdu within hours by expresswayson the Yangtze have commenced large-scale port infrastructure development. As materials and equipment for the rebuilding of northern Sichuan are sent in from the East Coast to Sichuan, these ports will see significant increases in throughput.l Explore Sichuanl Giant Panda The Giant Panda is a universally known and loved animal that has become the modern iconic symbol of China; even surpassing Chinas more traditional symbol of the dragon. Traditionally pandas are characterized as being honest, tolerant, and gentle creatures and are also seen as indicators of peace and prosperity. In more recent years pandas have been used by the Chinese government as a way to improve political ties and bring cultural understanding to various parts of the world.l Theatres & ConcertsSichuan Opera House Add: 126 S. Renmin Rd., ChengduDescription: Wonderful performances from famous troupes from all over the country and foreign countries are often performed here.Jincheng Art PalaceAdd: 61 Renmin South RoadDescription: enjoys a high reputation for the wonderful performances of Chuan opera here. It is also highly praised for its originally-designed structure, as well as the superior sound effects.l BarsBar StreetBar Street is close to the Fulan River, the street features over 30 street bars serving cheap beer and western snacks. The scene in the area is rather relaxed than wild but it is good for drinking with friends.Shamrock PubThis Irish pub is a good place to meet local expats as well as some locals who are interested in meeting foreigners. The Shamrock Pub also has pool tables, darts, as well as other games. Shamrock is located near the Linshinguan Lu and the US Consulate. Club 88Located in Wuhou district on Shao Ling Lu 88 hao, Club 88 is the most famous club in Chengdu. The place is packed and plays both modern western and local tunes with awesome lighting. Clubbers are recommended to get there early to get their own tables. Dont dress down.l Tea HousesShunxing Old TeahouseAdd: 3rd Floor, International Exhibition Mall of Chengdu, 258 Sha wan Road, ChengduDescription: It is one of the most popular Teahouses in Chengdu.Yuelai Tea HouseLocate on Huaxingzheng Street, built with strong Sichuan style, the house provides free Sichuan opera performances from 14:00-16:00 ever Tuesday and Saturday. The stage in the central of the bottom floor is the soul of the house, attracting crowded people when the opera begains.Heming Tea HouseAn outdoor teahouse located inside Renmin Park, is picturesque and quiet; service time from 6:00 to 19:00.l Chengdu Food & RestaurantsMany travelers know Sichuan cuisine for its hot and spicy flavors or a few of its most famous dishes, but that is only the beginning. Sichuan cuisine is legendary in China for its sophistication and diversity. The regional cuisine boasts 5,000 different dishes. Sichuan cuisine has enjoyed a worldwide reputation. However, most people immediately think of Sichuan food soon after it is mentioned as a hot or spicy food. You may wonder why the red pepper is so popular. Here is a common explanation. Sichuan has a humid climate that encourages people to eat strongly spiced foods.HotpotThe spiciest food in Chengdu is hotpot (also called steampot), although the tradition originated in Chongqing, so it is not really Chengdu food. Sichuan hotpots are basically a big pot of soup and spices simmering in a hole in the middle of your table. Patrons choose from a large selection of meats, vegetables and other add-ins. Most popular include: lamb, mushrooms, beef, tofu, quail eggs, potatoes, kuail eggs and many many others (pork, green vegetables, fish balls, carrots, and even pigs brain!) You can choose spicy pot or non spicy pot. With spicy hot pots, unlike eastern hot pots, the soup is NOT for drinking; instead, fish out your cooked items with chopsticks (do not fish the liquid out with a spoon, it is too spicy even for locals to drink; the fished out vegetables will be spicy enough), dip them in the small bowl of oil provided to each person, and enjoy.Huangcheng Laoma RestaurantNo. 20, Qintai Road, Qingyang District, Chengu.An old-fashioned hot pot restaurant, regarded as No. 1 among Chengdu hotpot restaurants. It is situated at a worthy representative of Sichuan culture and diet, Huangcheng Laoma offers hotpot, plus stunning entertainment - a Changing Face opera performance/shadow play.Shizilou RestaurantNo. 2, Wannianchang Road, Chenghua District.Old-fashioned hotpot restaurant, offers hotpots with half spicy and half light soup. It has several branches in Chengdu.Tanyutou Restaurantnear Qingyang Palace at No. 227, Qingyang Zhengjie, Qingyang District, Branches all over the country. Its delicious specialty, fish head, differs from that of other restaurants.Ma Pos Bean Curd (Bean curd with mince and chili oil): one of the most influential flavors of Sichuan cuisine, served in every Sichuan restaurant. Chen Ma Pos Bean Curd Restaurant at No. 197, West Yulong Street serves the most delicious and local one. For hundreds of years, Ma Pos Bean Curd has been popular among people all over China, even throughout the world.Gong Bao Ji Ding (Spicy diced chicken with peanuts): a specialty of Sichuan cuisine, diced chicken, hot pepper and peanuts.Yu Xiang Rou Si (Fish Flavored Shredded Pork): fish-flavored dish in the unique style of Sichuan cuisine. Ingredients include shredded pork, agarics, bamboo shoot and carrot. The delicious dish has no fish but has the flavor of fish.Hui Guo Rou Pian (Twice Cooked Spicy Pork Slices): A traditional Sichuan dish. The tasty pork slices are fried crisp without greasiness.Fu Qi Fei Pian (Braised Cow Lungs)Actually beef, heart and tongue take the place of lungs. This tasty dish is made with particular condiments using a delicate process.Chuan Chuan XiangAlso called Ma La Tang, vegetables, sausages, shrim