八年级英语语法知识点外研版.doc

语法专题Module 1简单句：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成。一. 五种基本句型：1 主语系动词表语 （S+V+P）He is happy.2 主语不及物动词（状语） ( S+V ) He is swimming.3 主语及物动词宾语（状语） ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.4 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike, 主语及物动词直接宾语间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.5 主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.二. 练习：写出下列句子的基本成分。1 He likes music very much.2 The soup tastes salty.3 She works very hard.4 My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.5 My father bought me a computer.Module 2宾语从句：以一个句子作为宾语的复合句。一. 宾语从句的时态：主句从句一般现在时要根据具体情况选择所需要的时态一般过去时相应的过去时态一般过去时客观真理或自然现象时，从句用一般现在时态 e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema. He said that he couldnt finish the work on time. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.二. 宾语从句的语序：陈述句的语序。三. 宾语从句的引导词：陈述句that (在口语中可省去)一般疑问句if / whether特殊疑问句疑问词 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how) e.g. He says. He likes painting.- He says (that) he likes painting. Is he American? He asked - He asked if / whether he was American. Where is the cinema? I dont know - I dont know where the cinema is.四. 练习：把下列句子改为宾语从句。1. The story is very interesting. (he said)2. What did you say? ( I didnt hear)3. Where does he come from. (I want to know)4. Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)5. Has she seen the film? (I dont know)6. How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)7. He is playing computer games. (he says)8. They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)Module 3动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing） 有些动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词，而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行，要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do，也可以接-ving。一. 接to do的动词有：want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。二. 接-ing的动词有：feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。三. 既可以接to do，也可以接-ving的动词有：hate, like, love, begin, start（意思一样），remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on（意思不一样）等。四. 练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Would you like _ (have) a cup of tea?2. Im very tired, lets stop _ (have) a rest.3. I asked why he smiled, but he couldnt remember _ (smile) at me.4. He wants _ (buy) a new bike.5. You must keep _ (practice) _ (speak) English every day.6. Have you finished _ (read) the book?7. I decide _ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.8. My sister enjoys _ (listen) to music.9. He learnt _ (swim) all by himself.10. My father agreed _ (buy) me a computer.11. I forgot _ (close) the door yesterday.12. I hate _ (lose).13. The teacher is coming, we stop _. (talk)14. We tried _ (finish) the work on time.15. Sally refused _ (play) during the final practice.16. He offers _ (help) me with the work.17. She cant afford _ (buy) a dictionary.18. I hope _ (go) abroad.19. Da Wei asked _ (play) the computer game on my fathers computer.20. He started _ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.Module 4-5一. 由if引导的条件状语从句 (如果.)1. 句子结构主句 + if从句. If从句, 主句.2. 时态变化主句从句一般将来时will wont一般现在时v. dont + v.v.-s doesnt + v.启使句v. Dont + v.e.g.:If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.= If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.= If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.= =She should , or 二. 感叹句 (多.啊!)1. What + a/an/. + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)! (+ 从句)e.g.: clean classroom it ! honest kid Tom ! terrible n