小强高考英语书面表达高分策略.doc

高考英语书面表达高分策略漳州一中 蔡丽英写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要组成部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。高考英语书面表达部分要求考生根据情景和提示，书面表述事实、观点、情感和想象力。英语书面在全卷中的分值班25分（占卷面的166%），它在英语测试主观性试题中占主导地位。因此考生是否在这一部分的出色发挥将决定英语高考考试的成败。常言道：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。要参加高考，同学们首先应对福建省高考考试说明中英语科对写作部分的要求和书面表达部分的评分标准进行研究，分析。也就是“知彼”掌握“游戏规则”，做到有的放矢，达到事半功倍的效果。福建省高考考试说明中英语科写作部分要求考生应能：围绕主题，准确应用语法结构和词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。书面表达部分最高挡第五挡（2125分）的评分标准为：完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具备较强的语言应用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，完全达到了预期的写作目的。因此，是否“使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇和语句间的连接成分”是书面表达高分的关键所在。所谓“知己”，是指同学们应了解自己在写作过程中常犯的错误，确定改正策略、掌握技巧。同学们在写作过程中最常犯的错误有：1 单词拼写错误。单词拼写是英语写作最基本的技能，但单词拼写错误在同学们的书面表达中却屡见不鲜。孰不知，英语词汇是由字母组成，只要其中一个字母不同并会产生不同的意思。如：Queen Passed(女王通过了)，和Queen Pissed(女王撒尿了)。有时会造成很严重的后果。2、标点符号、书写不规范和移行使用的随意性。1）同学们在写作过程中常常是标点符号使用不规范，大多只会使用逗号、句号、感叹号；更有甚者是写到哪里点到哪里。标点所放的位置不同，句子的意思并全然不同。如：Tom said Susan was an idiot to have been cheated into buying a fake. (Tom说Susan是个白痴才会被骗买了赝品) 和 “Tom,” said Susan, “ was an idiot to have been cheated into buying a fake”. ( Susan说Tom是个白痴才会被骗买了赝品)。2） 标点使用错误导致句子结构不完整，意思表达不清。如：There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on. 该句中“for example by TV, radio, newspaper.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。 改为 There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper。3）书写潦草常把r写成v，把q写成把g，把k写成h 等；单词移行不按音节移行，随心所欲在任何地方拆开单词进行移行。产生不必要的丢分。3连接词使用上的错误句子不是过于冗长不干练就是简单句堆砌。英语注重形合,常常采用表示连接意义的词语和结构来表示语言中结构与结构之间的逻辑语义关系;不少同学误认为句子长便是“使用较复杂结构”。句子偏长，读者的注意力有可能不集中，从而影响对整个句子的理解。如：用“忽视”不用ignore而用do not pay attention to；用the cover of the book 代替the book cover；试卷的题目如以“假如你是一名中学生”开头，有些同学常会以 I am a student from No.1 High School, which is located in the east of our city. 开头, 而其实只要以 I am a high school student 便可。有些同学为了使用高级的词汇而“咬文嚼字，卖弄文笔”，结果是弄巧成挫，如：他通常喜欢骑单车到学校In the majority of cases, he likes to ride bike to the school. 如果说：Usually, he likes to ride 更简单。另外一些同学却走向另一个极端，认为写较复杂结构的长句容易犯语法错误，整篇短文从头到尾都是I, he或者we为主语的简单句堆砌而成，缺乏层次感。而“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，完全达到了预期的写作目的。”是取得高分的关键。4中国式的英语。语言学家以“竹节句法”来比喻英语句子，即英语句子是各种连接词衔接而成，宛如节节相连的竹子；而汉语句子则被比喻为“流水句法”，少用乃至不用连接词仍行文流畅。所以说，英语重形合，汉语重意合。如：一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国旅行。英语句子为：An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China而不是：An Englishman could not speak Chinese travel in China.可是如此的中国式英语在同学们的短文中却比比皆是。5语法错误。英语主要通过词汇本身的形态变化来表达语法意义性、数、格、时、语态等，这种差异也是导致同学们在写作过程中常犯语法错误的原因。此类错误有：1）不一致：主谓、数、时态、代词不一致等。例：人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。When one have money, he can do what he want to do. (改为 Once one has money, he can do what he wants to do.)2) 悬垂修饰语：逻辑关系混乱不清例：To do well in the college entrance examination, much preparation is essential. 该句中不定式短语to do well in college的逻辑主语不清楚。 改为 To do well in college, we need to do much preparation for it.3) 词性误用：例： None can negative the importance of money.（negative 为形容词，改为动词deny） They put their belongings in save places.( save为动词，改为 形容词safe)4) 措词毛病例：农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. 改为The abuse of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. 同学们常常认为写好一篇高分作文是最美好而又可望不可及的愿望。其实事实并非如此。只要我们下足工夫、下定决心，采用正确的策略，定能达到你所希望的效果。1 练书写；记录高中英语中的高频使用但又是自己经常拼写错的词汇。英文书写应符合规范，英文字母要写清楚、写整齐、写美观，字母的大小和字母间距要匀称。好的书写是高考书面表达成功获得高分的一半；好的书写具有“一白遮千丑”的功效你的一些小错误会因为好的书写而被忽略；因此，同学们从现在开始每天抄写一张一百个词左右的文章，内容可包括：高考范文,New Concept English(新概念英语)，你喜爱的歌词或短文等等。总之一定要把书写练好。在复习过程中将描述学校生活、社会热点常用的词汇有心地加以记录并背诵，保证拼写无误。如：convenient, environment, behavior, opinion, energy, opportunity, measure, symbol, habit, discussion. 等等。2 养成用英语思维的习惯，学习写好句子，地道的句子。1）使用较高水平词汇和与别人不同的表达方式；如：我们学校的教学楼在学校东边，又大又新。【原句】Our school building is in the west of our school, big and good.【修正】Our school is located in the west, big and well-furnished.（用 be located, well-furnished等较高水平的词汇）你八月十五日的来信我今天早晨收到了。【原句】I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning. (多数人使用的方式)【修正】Your letter of August 15th reached me this morning.(与多数人使用的方式不同,简洁)2）使用一些强势句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力。我们很高兴地看到孩子们被照顾得很好。【原句】We were glad to see the children are well-looked after. (一般陈述句)【修正】How glad we were to see the children well-looked after！(感叹句,)这问题很难，没人能算得出。【原句】It is a difficult problem that no one can work it out【修正】It is so difficult a problem for us to work out.我直到他摘下帽子才认出他来。【原句】I didnt recognize him until he took off his hat.【修正】Not until he took off his hat did I recognized him.【修正】It is not until he took off his hat that I recognized him.3) 有效地使用语句间的连接词。【原文】Im Wang Shan. I am sixteen years old. Now, I am studying in Beijing Yanguang Middle School. I like music and I like classical music best. Im also interested in photography. It makes/lets me record the beautiful moments in my life.I would like to join the PeaceFriendshipSummer Camp since it would be a great chance to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their culture.该短文用词平淡，虽然没有语法错误，但简单句堆砌，语句间缺乏连接成分。【修正】I am Wang Shan, a girl of sixteen, presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School. I am crazy about music, especially classical music. I am also interested in photography because it allows me to record the wonderful moments in life.I am eager to join the PeaceFriendship Summer Camp since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from various countries and at the same time learn about their culture .切记，高考是要选拔优秀的高中毕业生。一定要努力写出可以证明你是一个优秀的高中毕业生的句子。3 目标明确地进行背诵和默写。“背诵+默写”虽然是即“笨”而又“耗时”的方法，但有什么学习英语的方法会比它更奏效。通过默写，我们可以改掉诸如：大小写、标点符号乃至拼写之类的错误。背诵的东西多了，语感加强了，写作时自然也就“下笔如有神”了。目标明确地进行背诵是指：背诵文章的“骨架” 短文的框架和“肉” 短文的内容。同学们可以背诵New Concept English(新概念英语)、高中课文优美段落、谚语、网上提供的写作背诵佳句、篇章。题材应以你们的认知水平和生活经验为基础，有利于你们体验、实践英语语言的特点、技巧和规律。（高考考试说明对命题的要求）这些作为短文的内容。下面根据高考考试命题要求提供部分写作框架给你们。希望能对大家有帮助。【例1.】某学校为了响应中央提出的在中小学提倡阳光体育活动，让“每天锻炼一小时，健康生活一辈子”的理念深入人心，要求学生放学后到操场跑步半小时。同学们对此有不同的看法。请根据下列表格中的内容提示和你的认识，用英语写一篇的短文。一部分同学所持的观点1. 健康是生活有意义、快乐的必备条件。2. 强壮的身体有利学习。另一部分同学所持的观点1. 跑步并不是锻炼的唯一方法。2. 学习紧张，没有时间。我的观点（内容由考生自己拟定）要求：1. 对所给要点，不要简单翻译，要有适当发挥。 2. 词数：100词左右，可以适当增加细节。此类书面表达是高考中常见的对比题型，其框架为：There is a heated discussion/ debate/argument on _. Most people take it for granted that/A dominated idea is that _.In their view/opinion (They hold the view that)_.However/While others think/tend to_. They argued_As far as I am concerned/ As to me/Taking the opinions above into consideration/ Weighing up these arguments, I prefer/agree to/am for_. On one hand/ First, _.On the other/ Second _.【参考短文】There is a heated discussion on whether it makes any sense to run for half an hour after school every day for the sake of our health.A dominated idea is that health is not only essential for us to live a meaningful life but also a must to make us feel happy. However, others think running is not the only way to work out, whats more, time is limited.As to me, I prefer the first opinion. First, everyone wants to be healthy. Second, we should guarantee adequate and proper exercise to be full of energy to accomplish the task in our study and life.（106words）【例2.】如今，由于上学时间较早，部分同学来不及吃早餐而放学较迟，因此导致在教室吃东西的现象严重。请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文表达你对此的认识。此类书面表达是高考中属于现象分析类型，其框架为：Recently/Nowadays/At present_. There are many reasons explaining/The reasons for it lie in several respects/There are various reasons for it. The main one is that _. Whats more/Besides/ In addiction_, As a result/As a consequence_.As to me/ In my opinion/ In fact/ As a matter of fact_. For one thing/ First of all, _ For another/ Secondly_ In the word/ On the whole_.【参考短文】Recently, most of the students have fallen into the habit of eating their breakfast or snacks in the classroom.There are many reasons explaining such a phenomenon. The main one is that almost all the schools begin classes at an early time, resulting in students going to school without breakfast. Besides, it is obvious that the students should not feel full of energy unless they have snacks after hours of learning.As to me, eating in the classroom is reasonable. For one thing, we cant instantly change the starting time, for another, the students can keep energetic while studying. In a word, I am in favor of it.(108words)【例3.】请你用“My opinion on reading”为标题写一篇100个词左右的短文。此类书面表达是高考中属于议论类型，其框架为：It is true/certain that;