On Cultivation of the English List

广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 Acknowledgements First of all I would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis Second I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor Ms Chen Jinjin who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis Without his consistent and illuminating instruction this thesis could not have reached its present form Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 Abstract English has been the important element of Chinese basic education for years and it is also one of the compulsory courses of middle school education However with the development of education Chinese middle school students do not have an equal performance in English listening speaking reading or writing Especially their listening and speaking performance are the least favorable Based on this fact many researchers and educationalists have devoted themselves in the research on how to improve the listening and speaking abilities This thesis mainly studies the English education at middle school tries to analyze the main reasons for the poor performance of Chinese students in English speaking and listening and gives the indications how to change the adverse situation The author further probes the influential factors from the perspectives of psychology environment memories and other linguistic factors and proposes the relevant suggestions hoping to enlighten the English educationalists and students at middle school on how to achieve the overall improvement of the language skills Key Words English listening skills English speaking skill middle school 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 摘摘 要要 多年来 英语已经成为中国基础教育的一个重要组成部分 是初中阶段的必 修课目之一 然而 随着教育的不断进步 中国的中学生并没能在英语的听 说 读 写这四个方面做到均衡发展 其中尤以听力和口语的表现最差 基于 此 许多中国学者及教育人士将如何提高英语听说能力定为他们的一个重要研 究课题 本文将视野放在中国的初中阶段教育 试图通过分析初中生听力和口 语能力低下的主要原因来给出改变现状的建议 本文探讨了影响学生听力和口 语技巧的心理 环境 记忆力及语言影响等因素 试图找出背后的原因 并给 出相关建议 以期能帮助更多初中阶段的英语教育者及学生得到启示 关键词关键词 英语听力能力 英语口语能力 初中英语听力能力 英语口语能力 初中 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 The Importance of Listening and Speaking Skills 3 3 The Factors Affecting English Listening and Speaking Skills 4 3 1 Factors Affecting English Speaking 4 3 1 1 Vocabulary 4 3 1 2 Few Confidence 5 3 1 3 Good Environment 6 3 2 Factors Affecting English Listening 7 3 2 1 Phonetics 7 3 2 2 Memories 8 3 2 3 Psychology 8 4 Improvement of the Skills 9 4 1 Skills on English Speaking 9 4 1 1 Recitation of the Texts 9 4 1 2 Exercise 9 4 1 3 Reading Aloud 10 4 2 Skills on Listening Comprehension 10 4 2 1 Forecasting 10 4 2 2 Finding Key Words 10 4 2 3 Taking Simple Notes 11 5 Conclusion 12 References 13 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 目目 录录 一 引言一 引言 1 二 听说能力的重要性二 听说能力的重要性 3 三 影响听说能力的因素三 影响听说能力的因素 4 一 影响英语口语能力的因素 4 1 词汇 4 2 缺乏自信 5 3 良好的环境 6 二 影响英语听力能力的因素 7 1 语音 7 2 记忆力 8 3 心理学 8 四四 听说能力提高的方法听说能力提高的方法 9 一 英语口语的技巧 9 1 课文的背诵 9 2 充分的练习 9 3 大声的朗读 10 二 英语听力的技巧 10 1 预测内容 10 2 找关键字 10 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 3 做简单笔 记 11 五五 总结总结 12 参考文献参考文献 13 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 1 I Introduction According to the development of human cognitive science we may find that the middle school students are experiencing a transitional period when the perception of the external world is basically formed The main feature of the students at this stage is that they begin to conduct the logic deduction Teenagers under 15 have more acute visual and audio sensation than the adults Their memory ability get developed greatly and they tend to memorize things for certain purposes How to take the advantage of such features of this period is important to the better development of the teenagers in a life long course and certainly benefit the students personal acquisition of English English is a compulsory subject in China s education system According to the standard of English teaching guideline the students are required to obtain the overall English abilities in their middle school studies The National Ministry of Education 2001 Their study cannot be restricted to memorizing the words or expressing their minds in writing Instead they are asked to show the basic acquisition of English speaking and listening Among all the skills English listening reading and including the writing and speaking And each of them is evaluated by certain standards These standards for English speaking and listening stress two key words comprehension and communication The National Ministry of Education 2001 On the one hand the students need to understand the dialogues in the context as well as the intention of the speakers On the other hand they are further encouraged to do some simple conversations with other people in this language It is not difficult to find that to react to the conversations properly calls for the understanding of the verbal words from the speakers so that both skills are mangled with each other Then the better listening skills are also expected to achieve with assumptions of the speakers words Again they are not independent skills but together can produce a good comprehensible communication output Although English speaking and listening skills are both important Chinese students are commonly found to have a better performance in the other two skills reading and writing The Chinese students speak the specialized language type Chinglish but more importantly they are afraid to talk or communicate with the others Their listening and speaking skills become the weaknesses of the overall development of the skills Given on this fact the author tries to probe the status quo of the English speaking and listening skills at Chinese middle school Since English speaking and listening is that important there are a lot of 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 2 researchers who have indulged themselves in the research on how to accomplish the objectives in middle school students Basically all the domestic studies are placed in the teaching field especially emphasizing the importance of creating an important and communicative learning environment as they consider the teachers role in the language learning process Zhong 2003 p 98 defines the tasks of English classroom teaching and stresses the status of English learning atmosphere And the foreign experts have cultivated the theoretical basis of this study For example Jinee tells that the aims of teaching syllabus stipulate that English teaching in middle schools is mainly to train students to have a definite foundation of Listening and speaking so as to attain the aim to communicate comprehensively with others Jinee 2003 p 44 And Hang and Yan tell that speaking cannot be taught separately as is often connected with listening Hang moreover they are less confident in speaking another language To get an easier and lower entry practice the students can try to recite the texts By doing so they can record the words and their uses in the contexts hoping that one day they will be able to use them to express themselves for the communication purpose It is also possible for the teachers to employ in daily classroom teaching On the one hand teachers can examine the performance of the students on the other hand teachers give a low entry task for all the students thus they could evaluate and further cultivate their interests in learning English 4 1 2 Exercising As it says practice makes perfect The continuous use of the language compels the brain to record the key things The middle school teaching only requires the students to be familiar with certain contexts So being familiar with them will not lead to a poor performance in the examination Later on the students will not be afraid of 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 10 the themed scenarios or the others as they are confident and familiar with the words and patterns 4 1 3 Reading Aloud The students are usually placed in an environment where the teachers do not communicate with them in English frequently or where their parents do not speak the language In such circumstance the students have to get themselves practiced Even though the communication function is not activated then at least the self examination function has to be accessible It seems that reading aloud is able to expose the phonetic problems of the students Thus to some extent it might help the students to memorize the words by different sensory approaches and also correct their potential phonetic problems 4 2 Skills on Listening Comprehension Different from speaking English listening performance can be cultivated by certain skills This session introduces three practical tips for the students to improve their listening skills 4 2 1 Forecasting Till the entrance examination of colleges all the students are given the scorecard and test papers before they hear the tape Thus to get a higher score in the examination relies on how much the students can understand the context and the questions The students therefore can get a hint from the papers by highlighting the key words to forecast what will be important in the test It seems that if you are given the theme of the dinner you will dress yourselves up in the correct customs It is the same issue that helps the students to make the assumption before comprehending it 4 2 2 Finding Key Words In accordance with the forecasting it is also important to detect the key words The numbers the names the titles and etc can be the hints to get the point Then the 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 11 top sentences which usually occur at the very beginning or after the transitional devices will be critical in understanding the contexts English is a logical language which asks its users to summarize the main idea at first Thus it turns to be the key in listening as well On the other hand the words are the smallest elements to compose a comprehensible paragraph by recording them the listeners can get the proofs to proven their assumption in the first tips 4 2 3 Taking Simple Notes Almost students feel reluctant to record each detail of the study thus the suggestion here is to ask them to take the simple notes Especially in the examinations the key words shall be written down as some questions about the theme usually ask the students to recall the general story back Thus with the help of the notes they can easily make it 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 12 V Conclusion English listening and speaking are two fundamental skills of students language acquisition Certainly it is not an easy task to be completed Especially in today s middle school English teaching there are many difficulties for the students to attain a balanced development Meanwhile there are several influential factors defining how the students can perform better in the environment In terms of English speaking the vocabulary confidence and learning environment are the major problems In order to resolve these factors that hinder the development of students speaking the author proposes three suggestions The middle school students are encouraged to recite the texts do the exercise and read aloud out of curriculum therefore their confidence will grow when they have completed such simple tasks and get familiar with different themed scenarios Regarding the listening skills the students are troubled by the phonetics memory abilities and their psychological problems To tackle such problems the author further recommends the students to take some tips in the examination such as forecasting the main theme or the answer when they read the texts paying attention to the key words while they are listening and finally recording some notes in the process as well In this way these students are supposed to better comprehend the scenario and to get a higher mark in the examination This thesis mainly focuses on the analysis of the problems of English speaking and listening learning at middle school from the personal impacts of the students Instead of considering the teachers impact the research is to some extent limited in the education system of China The teachers in China play the vital role in language teaching so to improve the overall speaking and listening skills needs the teachers input as well It is recommended for the future researchers to combine both the roles of teachers and students into the research thus the research will be more practical 广东第二师范学院广东第二师范学院 本科毕业论文本科毕业论文 浅析英语初中生听说能力培养浅析英语初中生听说能力培养 13 References Artiles A J Rueda R Salazar J J Higareda I 2005 Within group diversity in minority disproportionate representation English language learners in urban school districts Exceptional Children 71 3 283 300 Chac n C T 2005 Teachers perceived efficacy among English as a foreign language teachers in middle schools in Venezuela Teaching and Teacher Education 21 3 257 272 Cortazzi M Jin L 1996 English teaching and learning in China Language teaching The Journal of Educational Research 29 2 61 80 Echevarria J Short D Powers K 2006 School reform and standards based education A model for English language learners The Journal of Educational Research 99 4 195 211 Jinee C 2004 How to improve students speaking ability The teacher BBS 3 1 183 222 LiHua W and Jun S 2008 Ways to improve English Listening an