高一英语寒假复习培训资料.doc

.高一英语寒假复习一单项填空1(2012年广东执信中学高三期中，12)Always read the_on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.Aexplanations BInstructions Cdescriptions Dintroductions2The_girl sat in the corner，_.Afrightening；crying Bfrightening；to cry Cfrightened；crying Dfrightened；to cry3Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs.Atwice as much as Btwice as large as Cas twice large as Das twice much as4My village is 10 miles_the nearest town.来源:21世纪教育网21世纪教育网Afar from Bfar away from Cfar away Daway from5_impressed me most was the scenery of the Beihai Park.AWhat BIt CThat DWhile6If you dont go to the meeting tomorrow，_.Aneither I will Bso will I Cnor will I Dso wont I7(2012年陕西卷，15)_in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.AStanding BTo stand CStood DStand8The allowance is only enough to_the most fundamental needs such as food and clothing.来源:中教网Aconvey BCover Cconsist Dconfirm9As I joined the big crowd，I got_from my friends.Aseparated BDivided Cspared Dlost10Little joy can equal_of a surprising ending when you read stories.Athat BThose Cany Dsome11Shortly after the accident，he was told to leave_he was fired.Ain a word Bon the word Cin other words Dby word12Cars do cause us some health problemsin fact far more serious_than mobile phones do.来源:21世纪教育网Aone B Ones Cit Dthose13(2012年江苏卷，25)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？Ais there Bisnt there Cis he Disnt he14Can I help you，sir?Yes，I bought this radio here yesterday，but it_.Adidnt work Bwont work Ccant work Ddoesnt work15Yao Ming ended his career as a basketball player and officially_.Aretired Bconfirmed Cdivided Dcovered 冠词 第一部分 不定冠词(a/an之间的区别) 口诀：听其音，忘其形！语法上定义的标准答案: 如果一个单词以元音发音开头，则使用“an”; 如果一个单词以辅音发音开头，则使用“a”；注意：在判断过程中，不能根据单词之前是元音或辅音开头，关键是看单词本身是元音或辅音发音开头来判断。例题：_a_usual book; an_ unusual book；_a_ horse ；_an_ hour前一组单词都是以元音开头的，但使用的不定冠词却不同；后一组单词都是以辅音开头的，但使用的不定冠词也是不同；例题：There is _M in the word mouse.因为发的为单元音，则填“an”(M部分用O进行替换) 因为发的为单元音，则填“an”(M部分用U进行替换) 因为是辅音发音开头，则填“a”(M部分用S进行替换) 因为是辅音发音开头，则填“a”第二部分 定冠词与不定冠词的辨析(区别a/an、the ) 何为口语化判断准则？ 不需要怎么思考就可以判断的准则，称之为口语化判断准则。 回顾：1、第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the” ; 2、非特指用a/an，特指时用the. 遇见复杂问题时，使用强行翻译法；强行翻译法如何使用？ 1、在所需要辨别的空格内生硬的填入“这个”； 2、翻译“这个”所在的句子； 3、把翻译的句子带入到具体的语境当中； 4、并判断其逻辑是否成立(可以理解为因果关系是否成立); 5、如果因果关系成立the；因果关系不成立a/an.例题：A：Have you seen _pen? I left it here this morning. B：Is it _ black one? I saw it somewhere. A.a ,a B. a, the C. the, a D. the,the例题分析：第一步强行填入“这个”，译文为：你见过这只笔吗？ 结合全文语境，可知不符合逻辑因果关系不成立。一、 冠词第一段 快乐大篷车 第三部分 零冠词与冠词 注:但凡遇见复杂的、零散的的知识点时，采用故事记忆法。 故事记忆：看球痴绝食路进行概念上的换动 ；(食冠词) 1. 绝食的原因: 球 思路分析：因为球而绝食，绝食即为绝冠词，绝冠词就是零冠词，所以遇球 就绝食，则可知遇见球类一定使用零冠词的。例：打篮球 play basketball知识扩展: 棋类(同样不使用冠词的)笔记：have breakfast 吃早餐 have lunch 吃午餐 have dinner 吃晚餐笔记：on Sunday 在周日这天 on Friday 在周五这天笔记：in May 在五月份 in January 在一月份 in December 在十二月份笔记：on Teachers day 在教师节这天2. 绝食历程：开始，只是一日三餐(have dinner)不吃;(遇见任意地一日三餐都不使用冠词)之后，是一星期不吃；(遇见任意一周中的某天都不使用冠词)接着，是一年都不吃；(遇见任意某个月份都不使用冠词)所有节假日都不放假也不吃；(遇见所有节假日都不使用冠词)在这种固定不吃任何物质的模式下，最后，go to hell了。解析：固定与物质；在此，固定即为固定搭配；物质只指两类物质名词不使。 一类指可数名词中复数名词不使用冠词；另一类指不可数名词不使用。笔记：Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水.原因：由于blood、water是不可数名词，所以前面都不使用冠词。例：in _ morning(the) 在早上、在下午、在晚上都要加上“the”特殊点：在中午 at noon; 在夜晚 at night;重要补充：第一 凡是不在绝食路上的元素，正常使用冠词； 第二 绝食路上的四大元素，一旦具体化，必须使用冠词；一旦具体化，必须使用冠词； (四大元素包括：一日三餐、一星期、一年、节假日；)例：on _ Teachers Day,1997(the)原因：因为强调为具体某一年的教师节，则前面应该加“the”例：play _ Erhu(the)第三 中国传统乐器不加“the”；第四部分 双枪老太婆 当两个词表示的是一个物体或者一个物体的不同组成部分时就使用一个冠词,否则冠词要分开使用。 解析：the red & white rose; the red &white roses. 第一句 the red & white rose. 当red、white同时表示同一物体rose时,则共用； 当red、white表示为不同物体时，则要分开使用译文：第一句 红白相间的玫瑰； 第二句 白玫瑰和红玫瑰；例：The teacher and the driver _ (give) me the answer.(give)The teacher and driver _( give) me the answer.(gives)由例题可知，如果为单独地一个冠词，可知为一个物体； 如果为两个冠词，可知至少为两个物体。回顾：第一部分 讲述关于a/an之间的区别；(听其音，忘其形) 第二部分 讲述a/an、the之间的区别； 解题方法：强行翻译法. 解题步骤：强行填入“这个”两字，翻译带有“这个”的句子， 代入整个语境中判断逻辑是否成立，如果成立使用“the”不成 立使用“a/an”. 第三部分 特殊记忆法(零冠词的故事记忆法)重要补充：1. 凡是不在绝食路上的元素，正常使用冠词； 2. 绝食路上的四大元素，一旦具体化，必须使用冠词； 3. 中国传统乐器不加“the”. 第四部分 双枪老太婆(一个冠词时就一个物体，两个冠词时至少两物体)第二段 词汇大会战例题：1、She wants to be _ student. A. a B. an C. the D. 例题：2、Do you have _dictionary? A. a English & French B. an English & French C. a English &a French D. an English & a French例题：3、I have had _ good dinner at my uncles. A. a B. an C. the D. 例题：4、One should know what _ true,_ good ,and _ beautiful are. A. a, a, a B. the, the, the C. , , D. the, a, a练习 冠 词1. In America, _ car is _ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.A. the, theB. a, theC. the, /D. the, a2. - What happened?- They left in such _ hurry that they forgot to lock _ door.A. a, aB. a, theC. /, theD. /, a3. There were two small rooms in the house, _ smaller of which served as _ kitchen.A. a, theB. the, aC. the, theD. a, a4. I ordered _ book some time ago. _ book has arrived.A. a, TheB. the, AC. a, AD. /, The5. Mr Smith is _ European and his wife is _ American.A. an, anB. a, aC. a, anD. an, a6. Lesson 10 is _ most difficult lesson, but it isnt _ most difficult lesson in Book One.A. a, aB. a, theC. the, theD. the, a7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once _ month. A. aB. anC. theD. every8. He was absent because he had caught _.A. heavy a coldB. the heavy coldC. a heavy cold D. heavy cold9. _ water is _ liquid.A. The, aB. A, aC. /, /D. /, a10. In winter _ people often hang up wet clothes near _ fire.A. /, /B. a, aC. /, aD. the, a11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have _ third try.A. aB. theC. anotherD. other12. He was a top student in the class, he often got _ in English.A. firstB. a firstC. secondD. the second13. _ horse is _ useful animal.A. The, theB. The, aC. The, anD. /, a14. Tom left Shanghai in _.A. the summer 1995B. summer 1995C. 1995 the summerD. the summer of 199515. _ children here live _ most happy life.A. The, theB. The, a C. The, /D. /, the16. The soldier died during _ World War I.A. theB. the firstC. /D. a17. In _ Marx began to learn Russian.A. a 1870B. 1870sC. the year of 1870D. the 1870s18. Alice is _ of the two girls.A. tallerB. the tallC. more tallD. the taller19. - Can your sister play _?- No, but she can play _.A. the tennis, the pianoB. tennis, pianoC. the tennis, pianoD. tennis, the piano20. The introduction is always in _ of a book.A. frontB. the frontC. a front D. instead21. She touched her daughter gently _ shoulder.A. in herB. on herC. in theD. on the22. Both _ wounded and _ sick were sent to safety.A. /, /B. the, theC. /, theD. the, /23. _ doctors and _ nurses should care for their patients.A. The, theB. /, /C. The, /D. /, the24. Tell us the story as _ Mother told you. A. aB. theC. anD. /25. Do you know how long _ has lived on the earth?A. manB. the manC. a manD. men26. The man was once thrown into _ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./27. _ Mount Tai is in the east of China.A. AB. TheC. /D. That28. I like _ history. I am studying _ history of China.A. the, /B. /, theC. a, /D. /, a29. He wrote a letter _ pencil.A. withB. inC. in aD. use a30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated _ with new achievements and victories.A. National DayB. the National DayC. our National DayD. a National Day高一英语寒假复习二单项填空1Shall we go for a picnic this Saturday or Sunday? It makes no difference to me._.AIt couldnt be betterBIf you like CThats all right DIts up to you2What is he like? He is patient_others and_hardships.Awith；of Bwith；to Cof；with Dto；with3 (2012年江苏卷，30)Ones life has value_one brings value to the life of others.Aso that Bno matter how Cas long as Dexcept that4My father was so tired that he soon fell asleep_the candle still_.Awith；burnt Bon；burnt Cwith；burning Don；burning5(2012年哈尔滨模拟)There arent many seats left for the play；you had better make sure that you_two today.Aget Bwill get Care getting Dwill have got6She is very strict not only _all of us，but_all her own work.Ain；with Bwith；with Cwith；in Din；in7My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever；_，he could neither eat nor sleep.Aas a result Bafter all Canyway Dotherwise8Ancient Greeks were responsible for many of the _in science and other fields.Aadvances BProgress Cdevelopment Dcivilization9The murderer ran away from his village，trying to avoid_by the police，but in vain.Ato be caught Bbeing caught Cto be catching Dto catch10(2012年温州模拟)I would appreciate_if you could teach me how to use the computer.Athat BThis Cit Dyou11In Japan students show great respect_their teachers and this is true_Germany.Afor；for Bto；to Cfor；of Dto；for12(2012年烟台模拟)Information has been put forward that more middle school graduates will be_into universities.Aadmitted BAccepted Cpermitted Dallowed13He has made_that we are proud of him.Aso rapid progress Bsuch a rapid progress Csuch rapid progress D. such rapid progresses14_the temperature falling so rapidly，we couldnt go on with the experiment.ASince BFor CAs DWith15Whom would you rather_with you，Wang or Zhang?Ahave go Bhave to go Clove to go Dlike to go非谓语动词非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语V-ing形式现在分词动名词不定式（to do）过去分词(done)注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by.根据来判断；considering./o consideration考虑到；to tell you the truth说实话；seeing.考虑到；supposing假设，如果；providing如果；given考虑到，鉴于；provided that如果非谓语动词的形式变化非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式： sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个：一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词；二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。非谓语动词（一）动词不定式：动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。1、动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动to buildto have builtto be buildingto have been building 被 动to be buildto have been build2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。（3）作宾语：作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I dont think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.4、疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.5、动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：Its wrong of you not to attend the meeting.6、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorryto have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.7、动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasnt been decided yet.练习、非谓语动词（一）1. - Can you ride a horse?- No, I never had the chance _. A. for learning it B. for learning how C. how to learn it D. to learn how2. Paul said, Give me a chair _. A. to sit B. sit C. sit on D. to sit on3. I ran too fast _ where I was going. A. to notice B. for me to notice C. to notice for me D. and notice4. - Have you enjoyed your visit here?- Yes, Ill be very sorry_ . A. for leaving B.of leaving C. to leave D. with leaving5. - Ill help you whenever you need me. - Good. Id like _me tomorrow. A. you helping B. that you will help C. you to help D. that you help6. - I didnt hear you come in last night.- Thats good. We tried_ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to be not D. to not be7. Because of air pollution being greatly reduced, this city is still _. A. a good place which to be lived in B. lived as a good place C. a good place to live in D. living in as a good place8. - Why was the official meeting called?- _ new officers. A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. For selecting9. - Where did he go?- He went to another store _. A. to buy pencils B. for buying pencils C. buy pencils D. buying pencils10. - My baby has a heart trouble.- Did the doctor find it difficult _ ? A. in treating B. treating C. for treating D. to treat11. - Did the judge ask you many questions?- Yes, and _. A. they were difficult to be answered B. to answer them was to be difficult C. they were difficult to answer D. they had difficulty in answering12. That beggar seems _ anything yesterday.A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. didnt eat D. to not have eaten13. The lost child desired nothing but _ home. A. go B. to go C. going . D. went14.That box is_. A. too heavy for me to carry B. too heavy for me to carry it C. so heavy for me to carry D. very heavy for me to carry15. Would you be _ to do