2018年新目标人教版八年级英语上册复习资料必考知识点大汇总.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? 【重点语法】 不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词 形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 用法注意： 1. some和any +可数名/不可数名。 some多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。有些问句中用some, 不用any,问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。 2. 由some, any, no, every 与 body, one, thing构成的复不定代词作主语 时，其谓语动词用三单。 3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后： 如：something interesting 【重点短语】 1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来 3. nothing.but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 到达某地 arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事/ try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 =begin doing sth. 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 13. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于14. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 15. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 16. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 【词语辨析】 1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照 quite a few+名词复数 “许多” 2. seem + 形容词 看起来 You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold. It seems + 从句 似乎 It seems that no one believe you. seem like . 好像，似乎 It seems like a good idea. 3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 4. feel like sth 感觉像 feel doing sth. 想要做某事 5. wonder（想知道）+疑问词（who, what, why)引导的从句。 6. because of +名/代/V-ing because+从句 He cant take a walk because of the rain. I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive. 7. enough +名词 足够的 形容词/副词+enough Unit2 How often do you exercise? 【重点语法】 1. 频率副词: always, usually,often,sometimes, never。频率副词在句中 通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。 2.“次数”的表达方法 一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如： three times, five times, 3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。 常见的how疑问词： 1）How soon 多久（以后） How soon will he be back?他多久能回来？ He will be back in a month.他一个月后回来。 2）how long “多久” How long did it take you to clean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久？ It took me half an hour to clean the house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。 3）How many+名复 How much+不可名 “多少” 问数量（how much 还可问价格） 【重点短语】 1. go skate boarding 去滑板 2. look after = take care of 照顾 3. surf the internet 上网 4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 5. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 6.make a difference to 对.有影响/作用 7. most of the students=most students 8. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物 9. be good for 对.有益 be bad for 对.有害 10. come home from school放学回家 11. of course = certainly = sure 当然 12. get good grades 取得好成绩 13. keep/be in good health 保持健康 14. take a vacation 去度假 【词语辨析】 1. maybe / may be maybe 是副词，意为“大概，可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动 词，意为“可能是.，也许是.，大概是.”. The baby is crying.Maybe she is hungry. The woman may be a teacher. 2. a few / few / a little / little a few (少数的，几个，一些) a little (一点儿，少量) 表示肯定 few (很少的，几乎没有的) Little (很少的，几乎没有表示否定 的) 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 People can live to 100, but few people can live to 150. There is little time left.I won t catch the first bus. Could you give me a little milk? 3. hard / hardly hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”；作副词，意为“努力地，猛 烈地”。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不”。 The ground is too hard to dig. I can hardly understand them. Its raining hard.The people can hardly go outside. 4. As for homework , most students do homework every day. as for.意思是“至于；关于”,+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。 如：As for him,I never want to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story,youd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。 5. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的句。sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,smell （闻起来）,taste（尝起来）,feel（觉得），seem（好象）,grow（变得）,get （变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词,后跟形容词作语。 如：It tastes good. 这味道好。 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。 6. percent 名词，意为“百分之” 百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent做主语时，谓语 动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。 50：fifty percent 百分之五十 Fifty percent of the apples are bad. 50%的苹果都坏了。 Twenty percent of the meat is in the fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱 7. not at all 意为“一点也不”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词 之后。 The story isnt interesting at all. 那个故事一点也没有趣。 8. It is + adj. to do sth. 做某事是的。 It is interesting to play computer games. 玩电脑很有趣。 9. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 意为“花费某人时间来做某事”。 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了钱” 人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing “花费多少时间来做某事” pay.for. “花钱买某物” pay的主语必须是人 10. however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系,可放在句首、句中、 句末。 Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister. 【重点语法】 1.比较级句型: （1）A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更” （注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比） （2）“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B” 表示“A比B” （3）比较A ，B两人/两事物问哪一个较 时用句型： “Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?” Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary? 2. 比较级的特殊用法 （1）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+ 原级”。 （2）“the+比较级(), the+比较级()”意思是：“越越”The more, the better. （3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较. 的” 3. 两者在某一方面相同： A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom. 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as” I am not as tall as my sister. 4. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。 【重点短语】 1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗 2. as.as. 与 一样 3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛 4. the most important 最重要的 5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋 6. the same as 与相同 7. care about 关心/留意/关注 8. be different from 与.不同 9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 10. as long as 只要；与.一样长 11. bring out 显示/显出 12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 13. reach for 伸手达到/达到 14. touch ones heart 感动 15. in fact 事实上 16. make friends 交朋友 17. be good at 在某方面成绩好 18. the other 另一个 19. be similar to 与相似 20. be good with 与和睦相处 21. have fun=have a good time 玩得开心 have fun doing sth 做某事很开心 22. do the same things as me. 做和我一样的事情 23. Its+adj+（for sb.）to do sth. “做某事（对某人来说）是.的 ” 24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 25. as long as 只要；既然，引导条件状语从句 【词语辨析】 1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长. 2. care about 关心 care for 关爱 take care (当/小心) take care of (照顾)=look after 3. make sb. do sth. ： 让(使)某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式） His father always make me