高考冠词用法及练习题和答案.doc

专题一 冠词用法【知识清单】一. 冠词的基本用法不定冠词一般用来修饰单数可数名词，但有时也可修饰不可数名词。不定冠词a和an。a用在发音以辅音开头的名词之前，而an则用在发音以元音开头的名词之前。如：a student，an orange。_ university _ European country _ umbrella1.与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别。 - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.- You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 翻译：作为一个孩子，他不得不去谋生。_2.泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一个”, 相当于 a certain。 - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here.3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示“每一（单位）的”。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 翻译：你应该一天吃三片药_(pill)我们每周有三节课_4.在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示“一种”、“一件”、“一份”等。It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honour是抽象名词,an honour指一件荣誉的事)I would like a coffee and two beers.5. 用于某些不可数名词前，表示“某一方面”“某一部分”等特殊含义如education, history, knowledge, population. time, favor等，前面常用不定冠词。如。She has a good knowledge of English and computer.China has a long history.I had a good time when I travelled abroad.翻译：你能帮我个忙吗？_中国有十三亿人口。_3名词短语中含有such/what时，不定冠词也不能放在最前端，而要放在such/what之后（强制性）：such/what+a/an+形容词+名词。She is such a beautiful girl.What a clever boy he is!在一些固定词组中要用a / an.have a rest, have a break, take a walk, have a look, in a moment, in a minute, once upon a time, twice a month, four times an hour ，a little ， a few ， a lot ， a type of ， a pile ， a great many ，many a ，as a rule ，in a hurry ， in a word ，in a short while ，after a while ， have a cold ， have a try 定冠词(the)的基本用法1.用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one.2.指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. 3.复述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new.4.用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。 When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5.序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。 The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6.用于复数姓氏之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家”。 the Smiths7.表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 the sun, the moon, the earth, the world8.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及些建筑物等名称前。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9.在某些形容词之前, 可表示某一类人。 the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead零冠词(无冠词)情况：1.人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。 Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公园, Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。2.抽象名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。 When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. 3.物质名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。 The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.4.表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前, 常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时, 加 the。 We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等。5.表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前, 不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, May Day the Spring Festival。6.man 作“人类”讲时, 同 human, mankind 一样不用冠词。 While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed mans understanding of color.7.复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。 It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. 二. 冠词的语义分析（根据语境判断特指与泛指）泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一组概念, 在英语中广泛使用。“泛指”是指普遍、不确定的人或事物, 而“特指”则是指具体、特定的人或事物。泛指与特指可以说是精与细的区别,前者侧重于全面撒网, 而后者旨在重点培养。具体来讲, 其两者区别如下： 1.泛指是指首次提到的, 不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物, 或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。A boy is playing basketball.（泛指）Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?（特指）2.泛指：一般的指, 是和“特指”相对的；特指：是专门的指, 和“泛指”相对。I have a car. （泛指） The car is red.（特指）3.泛指：无特别指定对象, 是和“特指”相对的；特指：有特别指定对象, 和“泛指”相对。My mother works in a hospital.（泛指）The hospital where my mother works is in the center of the city.（特指）三. 冠词的固定搭配单一固定词组中冠词的使用1.不定冠词固定词组give sb. a ride顺便带某人一程a couple of几个have a good time过得很愉快keep a diary写日记in a hurry急忙地once in a while偶尔地tell a lie说谎do sb. a favor帮某人的忙give sb. a hand帮忙once upon a time从前all of a sudden突然地as a matter of fact事实上as a result (of)作为()的结果in a word总而言之have a word with与说句话have/take a look (at)看一看have/take a rest休息一下put an end to结束2.定冠词固定词组play the piano弹钢琴the whole整个the same同样的go to the cinema去看电影3.零冠词固定词组on foot步行by train/ boat / plane乘火车/船/飞机in fact事实上in class在上课in church在教堂in danger在危险中in hospital在医院in bed在床上at home在家at school在学校at night在晚上at noon在中午go to bed去睡觉go to college上大学play chess下棋have lunch吃午餐go to school去上学play basketball打篮球用与不用冠词的对比差异in hospital生病住院in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海go to the sea去海边on earth究竟on the earth在地球上, 在世上in front of在(外部的)前面in the front of在(内部的)前面take place发生take the place(of)代替at table进餐at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船by the sea在海边in future从今以后in the future未来out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能的, 办不到的【例题精讲】（2011山东卷,21Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant.A.不填；theB. a; theC. the; aD.不填；a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。选B。（2011浙江卷,2Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A.the ;不填 B. a ;the C. a ; 不填 D. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词在语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picssos painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。因此选D。（2011全国卷,33It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。因此选A。（2011全国卷II,16As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight.A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a D. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词在具体语境中的用法。【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。（2011四川卷,18Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”A. 不填；A B.不填；The C.the; The D.a; A【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。因此选A。（2011重庆卷,26In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude.A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【考点】冠词的使用【解析】good feeling并非特指, 故用a；pleasure是抽象名词, 无需冠词。句意为 “人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐, 这是（一）种不错的感觉” a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉, give sb pleasure。（2010山东If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the【答案】C【考点】本题考查冠词在具体语境中的使用。【解析】句意应为 “如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部, 就会有更好的视野”表示 “某空间内部的前部”时, front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配, 表示 “视野开阔, 视野良好”之意；所以C项符合语境。（2010江苏The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the【答案】A.【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏（2010辽宁There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the【答案】B【考点】考查冠词。【解析】第一空in space 是固定短语, 不用冠词, 第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词, 其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体, 其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。（2010北京First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a【答案】A【考点】冠词【解析】很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心, 因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之, 你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance;第二次留一个第一印象, make a first impression. first为干扰因素。若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。（2010重庆Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, aB. the, /C. the, aD. a, /【答案】D【考点】考查冠词。【解析】price意思是 “代价”, 为可数名词, 第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词, 故选 D项。（2010浙江Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; theD. /; /【答案】B【考点】本题考查冠词。【解析】句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害, 他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词, 对有害用短语 “do harm to”表示, 中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词, 表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。（2010四川In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词。【解析】most countries此处表泛指, most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为 “一个高起点的开始”, 故用a ,正确【答案】为D。（2009安徽We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. 2A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】因为sky和world原本是独一无二的, 但这里前面都有了形容词修饰, 表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world, 这里就属于泛指了。（2009北京The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空用the+n表示类别, 是指blue whale这一类动物；第二空用a表示泛指。（2009江西Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 【答案】A【考点】考查冠词用法。【解析】Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指, weather 这里是特指全球的气候, 根据the weather around the world 可知。（2009海南Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法【解析】go to the cinema 表示具体的某地, for a while 固定搭配, 表示 “一会儿”。（2009陕西What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the【答案】C【考点】考查冠词。【解析】第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that, 用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指, 用定冠词the, 选C。（2009四川In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作, 他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一, 再一。 （2009浙江I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; theC. the; 不填D. a; the【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】前空构成短语get a+adj+idea of sth, 泛指一种大体的想法, 后空指双方都知道的那个project计划。（2009重庆Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为 “中国造的洗衣机已经赢得世界关注, 海尔已成为一个受欢迎的名字。”（2009全国IIWhat I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意 “我所需要的是一本包含油画基础知识的书”。第一空表泛指, 第二空表特指。（2008湖南Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息, 应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指, 且是不可数名词, 故不用冠词。（2008江苏We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the; 不填D. 不填；不填【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】by sea经海路, by the sea在海边；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常加定冠词the。（2008山东Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; theC. the; theD. the; a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】the Internet因特网, 为固定搭配；as a resource “作为一种资源”, 此处用a表示泛指。（2008江西- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你的错, 这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨, 难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。（2008辽宁My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. A. a; 不填B. the; theC. 不填；theD. a; the【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为：我的邻居叫我去散步, 但我认为我没有（那样的）力气。第一个空go for a walk为固定短语；第二个空特指散步用的力气。（2008全国IIIts not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the【答案】【考点】本题考查冠词。【解析】句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空 “一个好主意”是泛指；without a break是习惯用法, break也是泛指。（2008陕西I ate _ sandwich while I was waiting for _ 20:08 train.A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】sandwich是可数名词, 且在句中首次出现, 表示泛指, 其前须加不定冠词；而 “二十点零八分的火车”是特指的惟一的概念, 故其前须加定冠词the。（2008四川In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】句意为：在美国, 总有人不断地涌入乡村地区, 在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of表示 “大量涌入（某地）”；the country/countryside表示 “乡村”, 与定冠词the连用。（2008浙江_ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填【答案】A【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一个空指一个苹果, 是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位, 表示 “击打某人的某个部位”。（2008重庆In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】the+名词表一类, 后面用a修饰, 指一种的方式。（2007 全国IICould you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; theB. the; a C. /; the D. the; /【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空：姓氏复数前加the表示一家人, 第二句中a Johnson指 “一个叫Johnson的人”。（2007 山东_ walk is expected to last all day, so bring- packed lunch. A. A;a B. The; 不填 C. The ; a D. A ; 不填 【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空指双方都知道的事；第二空表泛指。（2007 福建How about Christmas evening party? I should say it was success.A.a; a B.The; aC.a;不填D.the; 不填【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空指双方都知道圣诞晚会；第二空表泛指。（2007 北京I looked under _bed and found _bokkd I lost last week. A.the; a B. the: the C. 不填；the D. the:;不填【答案】B【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。（2007 四川How about taking _ short break? I want to make _ call. A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】take a break是固定词组；第二空表泛指。（2007 天津I wanted to catch _early train, but couldnt get _ ride to the station. A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。（2007 浙江I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空特指 “你衣服的颜色”；第二空表泛指。（2007 重庆Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空泛指 “是在一个星期天”；at church是固定词组。（2007 辽宁Chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】第一空表泛指；第二空表特指。（2006 全国- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】这人的姓名前加不定冠词表示某一个 “叫的人”。因为叫同一人的名字的现象非常普遍, 所以用不定冠词表示某一个叫什么名字的人。（2006 全国I know you dont like music very much. But what do you think ofmusic in the film we saw yesterday? A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;the【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】music意为 “音乐”, 前不用冠词。第二个music指电影中的音乐, 表示特指, 要用定冠词the。（2006 北京I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer. A. the;不填 B. the;a C. a;不填 D. a;a【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】keyboard表示特指, 特指双方心目中的那个键盘, 所以要用定冠词puter表示泛指, 所以要用不定冠词a。（2006 辽宁Of all reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was most important one.A.the;a B.不填；a C.不填;the D.the;the【答案】D【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】of意为 “其中的”, 后接复数名词时, 名词前要用定冠词the, 特指在有限的范围内 “其中的”某一个某一些。most important是形容词的最高级, 前要用定冠词the。（2006 湖南In_ review of 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of_ heart disease by 76%.A. a; the B. the;a C. a ;不填D.不填;a【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】review是可数名词, 表示泛指要用不定冠词a。heart disease表示泛指不用冠词。（2006 山东For him _ stage is just _ means of making a living.A. a; a B.the; a C. the ; the D. a; the【答案】B【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】teachers表示泛指, 不用冠词。life前要加不定冠词, have a easy life过着轻松的生活。（2005辽宁This book tells _ life story of John Smith, who left _ school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the; the B. a; theC. the; 不填 D. a; 不填【答案】C【考点】考查冠词的用法。【解析】life story是特指, 表示是John Smith生活的故事。school前不用冠词。（200