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情态动词用法归纳 情态动词有一can (could), 二may (might), 三must, have to, 四need (needed)dare (dared)五shall (should) ought to, 六will (would) ,七used to, had better等。但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语情态动词有具体的词义,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。一、 can, could 1) 表示能力、许可、可能性,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。意为 “能会”(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box?(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate?(技能)She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许,意为“可以”。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。3) 表示表示可能、能够,客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测,意为 “可能”,(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。此时cant 译为“ 不可能”。 如:This cant be done by him. Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?Can it be our teacher? 那个人有可能是我们老师吗?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。例 - I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.- No. She _ be there, I have just been there.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt解析根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“ 不可能”, cant 表示推测答案 A5)could是can 的过去式,意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力。He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气, 此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?-Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?-Yes, you can. 可以。二、 may, might 1) 表示请求和允许,意为“可以”。 比can 正式,might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 。或mustnt,表示“不可以,禁止”。 May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. (No, you cant )- May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can.(Yes, of course./Yes, certainly/Sure)用May I.?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I.?在口语中更常见。 例:_ I borrow your MP3? -Sure . Here you are.A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】 在此处表示请求,意为“ 做可以吗”。答案 A2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) may, might表示推测、可能性,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,表示推测时,它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 3. He is away from school. He might be sick. 他离开学校了, 可能是他生病了。4. It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。5.She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.三、 must, have to 1) 表示主观看法,意为必须、必要、一定。表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句You must come in time. You must stay here until I come back. 在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗?其否定形式mustnt 表示“ 一定不要 ” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如:You mustnt play with fire. 你不许玩火。You mustnt be late. 你一定不要迟到。在回答引出的问句时,肯定回答为must,如果是否定的,不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用neednt, dont have to(不必). - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / you neednt. 2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性,must 表示有把握的推测(只用于肯定的陈述句) 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3. The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。注意其反意问句的构成形式:当must 表示 肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如:She must have finished writing, hasnt she?她一定已经写完了,不是吗?四、dare, need 1)need的用法(1)need作情态动词用时,表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。其否定形式为neednt,意为“没有必要,不必”。 用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 neednt 。 如:1.-Need I stay here any longer? 我还有必要留在这儿吗?-Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 是的/不,你不必。2You neednt come so early. (2)need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化, 后边多接动词不定式。如: I need to do it right now. 我需要马上做这件事。 He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那个女孩。2)dare 的用法 :dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need, 有两种词性:(1)dare 表示敢于,作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 如:1How dare you say Im unfair? 2He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3If we dared not go there that day,we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 4Dare he tell them what he knows? 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗?5I darent ask her will you do it for me? 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗?(2) dare和 need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. 4.He doesnt dare to break his promise. 他不敢食言。注意: 在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。如:Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告诉她我说的话吗?I didnt dare look at him.我不敢看他。五、 shall, should,ought to 1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见或客气的请求。 What shall we do this evening? Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please./All right./No, thank you.2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 4.No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam. (命令)考试中任何人不准带BP机和手机3) should, ought to表示“应该”, 表示要求、义务、责任等和命令。ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 3.We should protect the environment. 我们应该保护环境。4) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 5) 表示推测should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)6)Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 如:You should have finished your homework.你应该已经完成作业了。(事实上你没有完成。)7)should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”,常用于口语中。如:I should (would) like to go with you . 我愿意和你一起去。Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗?六、 will, would 1)will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的请求、劝说、建议等,would 是will 的过去式,语气更加客气、委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? Would you show me your picture book? 你能让我看看你的画册吗?Will you please give me a call? 请给我打个电话好吗?2)对 will/ would you 的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)/Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)/All right./Certainly. (No, thank you .)/Yes, please.例 -Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?-_. A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No troubleA. 意为“对了”, B. 意为“ 乐意效劳”, C. 意为“ 没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案 B3) 表示意志、愿望、打算和决心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3.I will help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。4) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 5) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she left home. 七、had better,used to,would rather1)had better 意为 “最好”,表示建议,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,在口语中常省略成d better或better。如:你最好小心点。正:You had better be careful. 正:Youd better be careful. 正:Better be careful. We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走。2)否定式、疑问式及其回答。其否定形式为: had better not。如:Youd better not go there. 你最好不要去那里。You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。Hed better go with us, hadnt he? 他最好同我们一块去,对吗?What had we better do? 我们最好做什么?Had we better not go? 我们不去好不好?比较:Hadnt we better go? 我们去不是更好吗? 3)可接进行式、被动式或完成式。如:Id be going now. 现在我得走了。(心情近切) Shed better be met by him. 最好他去接她。Youd better have done that. 你要是把那件事办了就好了。注意: 1. 此结构中的had永远不可改为have或has;2. 对上级或长辈不宜用此结构。1)used to 意为 “过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为,还可以作为实意动词used to do 表示过去常常做某事,而现在往往不做了I used to get up early in the morning when i was still a hight school student.2)be used to doing 表示习惯于做某事I am used to eating rice now.3)be used to do表示.被用来做某事Pig Stem Cells to Be Used to Grow Human Organs?情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为: 情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。 如:More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到, 因为它们离 我们太远了。做题注意:情态动词后一定是接动词原形吗?请看下面的题目:He tried his best and did what he could _ us. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped此题应选B。容易误选A。简单地认为:在情态动词后永远要用动词原形。其实这是一个省略句,若把句子补完整应为。如:He tried his best and did what he could do to help us. 他竭尽全力,做了他所能做的一切来帮助我们。从上句可以看出:句中的不定式(to help us)是用作目的状语的,而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请比较以下几句。如:1. He ran as fast as he could _ the early bus. A. to catch B. catch C. catching D. caught2. He ran as fast as he could _ to catch the early bus. A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped3. He spent every minute he could _ spoken English. A. practise B. to practiseC. practisingD. practised第1题应选 A。其中的不定式短语 to catch the early bus 用作目的状语。第2题应选 C。其中的现在分词短语 hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。第3题应选 C。其中的动名词短语 practising spoken English 与 spent 有关(spend. in doing sth. )不同情态动词的否定意义也不同1.(1) cant可译为“不会”, 如:I cant play basketball. 我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时,用cant 表达不可能, 如: He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。(3)cant 还可用来回答“ May I ? ” 这样的问句。 如:May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?No, you mustnt. / cant. 不,你不能。(4)cant 还可用于固定习语中。如:She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。2.may 的否定式为 may not , 译成“ 可能不”, 如:He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。3.(1)mustnt 表示不许, 不可。如:He mustnt leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。You mustnt talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。(2) mustnt 也可用于以 may 表示要求时的否定回答中。 如: May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗? -No, you mustnt(cant). 不,不行。4.(1) neednt 意为“ 不必” 。 如:You neednt meet him unless youd like to.你不需要见他, 除非你愿意。(2)neednt + have+ 动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费。如:You neednt have bought it. 你没必要买它(但你却买了)。5.shouldnt 表示不应该。 如:You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。易混知识清单易混点一 can 和 be able to两者表示能力时用法相同, 但 can 只有原形 “can” 和过去式“ could ”两种形式,在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。 另外 be able to 常常指经过努力, 花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:Jim cant speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时 就会说英语。Well be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了。I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon. 我们能在中午到达山顶。易混点二 can和may1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用。如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗?2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:1) 在肯定句中用 might, may, must, 不用can2) 在疑问句中表示推测用 can,不用 might, may,must3) 在否定句中用cant(不可能), 不用 may, must。 如:She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?That cant be true. 那不可能是真的。易混点三 may be 和maybe 用法区别 常用位置may be may为情态动词, be为动词原形 句中,作谓语maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语He may be wrong , but Im not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。易混点四 cant 和 mustnt1. cant 根据其基本用法可译为:(1)不会, 如:I cant speak English . 我不会说英语。(2)不能, 如:We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了, 我们现在干不了。(3)不可能, 如:那个人不可能是咱们老师, 他年轻得多。The man cant be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.2.mustnt 意为“ 禁止、不许”, 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。 如: You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球, 太危险了。易混点五 must 和 have to1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要, 还可以在间接引语中表示过去的必要或业务。2.have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如:I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。I havent got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。易混点六 need, dare 的两种用法3.need , dare 作情态动词是, 多用于否定句、疑问句中,后接动词原形。如:You neednt explain it to me . 你不必向我解释这件事。Dare you say that again? 你敢再说一遍吗?3.在肯定句中, 它们后边多接动词不定式,此时为实义动词。如: Tom needs to fetch the bool for me .汤姆需要给我取回那本书。Mary dared to go across the street by herself. 玛丽敢自己过马路。易混点 七 used to do / be used to doing / be used to do used to do 表示过去常常发生的动作, 强调过去,只用于过去,注意用 to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing 意为“习惯做”, be 可有各种时态; be used to do 意为“被使用去做,” 为被动语态形式。如: My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚,但现在不得不早起了。She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉。He wasnt used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。Knives are used to cut things.刀是被用来切东西的。(被动语态)方法技巧清单方法一 了解命题规律测试内容出现频率较高的情态动词主要集中在 can, may, must, need 等次的用法上, 重点为以下四点:1.can , could 表能力的用法。2.常见情态动词的提问和回答, 尤其是 May I ? No,you mustnt/ cant. Must I ? No, you neednt/3.表示推测的用法, 肯定句中用may (可能), must (一定), 否定句中用may not(可能不), cant(不可能)。注意 cant 与mustnt 的区别。4.情态动词的被动语态。方法二 掌握突破方法1. 从整体上把握情态动词的基本用法。例 _ you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is.A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must 【解析】 由题干可知,本句表示请求、许可。【答案】 A2. 逐个学习,了解每个情态动词的用法特征。 例 May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be back by 11 oclock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 解析 由题意可知, 此处并非表推测的用法, 而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求, 故选C, 意为“ 必须”。 答案 C3. 认真区别具有相同功能的、 意思相近的情态动词的用法。例 You _ get there by bus.A. dont need B. neednt to C. dont need to D. need dont to【解析】 由选项A 可知 need 为实义动词, 故应加上to 才正确。 选项 B neednt为情态动词, 应去掉to, 故选 C.答案 C4. 解答情态动词的题目时,一定要细心领会情景特征,不要放过任何细节, 只有这样才能找到足够的信息,确定最佳答案。例 You _ worry about me. Its nothing serious. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wont【解析】 由题干 Its nothing serious 可推断,第一句意为“你不必为我担心”, 故选C。 本题易错选B, mustnt 意为“禁止”,故不正确。答案 C易错题型清单错题透视错因一 语境理解错误例Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, Im not sure . But it _ be.分析 考查情态动词might 表推测的用法。 “Im not sure” 说明说话者的语气并不肯定, 所以要用 might。答案 A【错因透视】 情态动词表示推测时, 肯定句中用 might , may, must, 其肯定程度递增。错因二 否定形式混淆例 The man in the office_be Mr. Black because he went home just now.A.mustnt B.may not C.cant D.neednt【分析】 由下文 he went home just now 可知,作者判断办公室里那个人(不可能是Mr. Black 。 mustnt 意为“千万别”, may not 意为 “可能不”, neednt意为“不必”。 cant 意为不可能, 故选C。 答案 C 【错因透视】 情态动词的否定式含义不同,要牢记每个否定式的不同含义。 错因三 相似词语混淆例-Can you go surfing with us this afternoon?-Id like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.must C.have to D.should【分析】 由题干my mother is ill 为客观要求可知, 选C.答案 C错因透视 相似词组must 表示主观愿望,have to 则为客观要求。 学生由于不清楚这一点而误选B项。错因四 疑问答语 易错解例 -May I take this book out of the reading room?-_. Please read it here.A. Certainly B.No, you neednt C.No, you mustnt D.No, you may not【分析】 May I ? 的否定答语为 No, you cant/ mustnt. ; Must I ?否定答语为 No,you neednt/dont have to.; Can I ? 的否定答语为 No, you cant. 在口语交际中, 要体会句子中的情感差别。【答案】 C【错因透视】学生由于看到问句中用的情态动词may 而误选D项。应该注意在有问话与答语的上下文中,下文不一定要填上文出现的情态动词,而要注意情感的细微变化。活学巧练-_ you help me answer the telephone?-OK.A. CanB. MayC. NeedD. MustTom is young but he _ fly a kite by himself.A. canB. mayC. needD. mustListen! Is that Kate playing the piano in the room?-No. It_ be Kate. She has gone to London.A. may notB. needntC. mustntD. cant用can ,could 填空-_ he swim ?-Yes, he _. But he _ swim two months ago.Tom said he _ help me with my English.-_ you tell me the way to the museum?-Certainly.-Could I cross the street here?-Of course you _.A.could B.can C.are able to D.will-Mum , _ I play computer games?-Yes, you can, but you have to finish your home work first.A. would B.must C.may D.needShe _ know the answer, but Im not sure.A.maybe B.may be C.may D.must-Tom, dont drive too fast, you _ hit the others cars.-OK.A. must B.need C.may D.have toCars and buses _ stop when the traffic lights turn red.A. can B.need C.may D.must-_ we attend the party?-No, you neednt. You are free.A. Must B. Can C.May D.Shall-Must I hand in all my money , Mum?-No, you _ . You can use it to buy some school things.A. mustnt B. cant C.neednt D.shouldYou _ be tired after walking such a long way. Do sit down and have a rest.A. can B.must C.should D.needYou _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B.dont need come C. dont need comingE. neednt come-Lets go to Taishan Park by taxi.-Its not far. We _take a taxi.A.neednt B.cant C.mustnt D.couldntHow _ you talk to me like that?A. dare B. dared C. daring D.daresShe said it as loudly as she _.A. dare B.dared C.dares D.dare to用dare 的适当形式填空You told him? How did you

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