考研必看之翻译和Summary.doc

TranslationUnit1 Text ATranslation (para 20) 那时，我就像一个跳伞员正准备第一次跳伞， 舱门打开了，要跳的距离高不见底，谁知道这一跳是令人兴奋陶醉，还是粉身碎骨。 天真无知曾经掩盖了恐惧，突然间要面对现实，天真消失了。当然，此时此刻，再回头已经不可能。 一想到那是自己的主张，就感到有些荒诞，觉得自己仿佛是地球上唯一的人。于是，闭上双眼，深深地吸了口气，纵身跳了下去。Unit3 Text ATranslation (para 1) 仅仅两年多以前，总统们和诺贝尔奖得主们纷纷登台为现代生物学领域里最重要的事件喝彩。由于世界各国同心协力，人类基因组的31亿个碱基已经提前排序成功。比尔.克林顿总统称之为“人类绘制出的最完美的图谱”。然而，这一事件余热未消，人们可能会惊讶地听说一场更大的生物学革命，它将使基因组学研究所取得的成就黯然失色，生物学研究将转向更大的物质。蛋白质组学（即识别蛋白质并了解蛋白质在人体细胞内的作用）开始取代基因研究在生物医学的前沿性地位。2003年很可能会成为生物医学中的蛋白质组年。Translation (para 8) 2003年将仅仅是蛋白质组研究的开始。终有一天，我们能够绘制出一个完整的百万个蛋白质功能图谱。然而，正如血浆蛋白质组项目所展现的那样，即使是在蛋白质分类的初始阶段，我们也将受益匪浅。而且，如果竞争极其激烈的人类基因组研究所取得的出人意料的技术飞跃能为后来的研究提供依据，蛋白质组的分类图谱等研究会比我们预想的更快一些完成。Cloning studies are challenging many orthodox views in genetics. A common idea is that human behavior and even our complex society are somehow “determined” by our genes. Socialists have always challenged this simplistic viewpoint, pointing out that humans long ago broke free of evolution.克隆研究正在挑战人们对于基因的许多传统认识。通常人们认为人类的传统行为和我们这个复杂的社会的联系在某种程度上是由基因决定的。但是社会主义者向来反对这种幼稚的观点并指出人类早已摆脱了进化论的束缚。Unit4 Text ATranslation (para 7) 自由塔建筑方案的重新设计使政府及私营部门深受鼓舞，它肩负公众的嘱托，将按照建筑，环境以及安全的最高标准重建新的纽约。Unit5 Text BTranslation (Para 11) 作家诺曼梅勒一只拿不定主意，认为登月计划到底是20世纪科技最高尚的表达方式还是我们极端愚蠢的一种行为。梅勒已经确认，实质上登月计划是资本主义本身自相矛盾的产物。一方面，人类集中的灵感和智慧使得人类通向天体的道路成为可能，这件事已经震惊了过去的几代人。另一方面，它也成为利用登月计划发展更大规模杀伤性武器的一种借口。Unit6 Text BTranslation (Para 1) 华盛顿和华尔街正陷于一片恐慌，因为网络公司的兴起和计算机迷地增加。新经济所带来的异乎寻常的财富以及网民背离常规的态度令喜欢旧章程的人苦恼不已。结果是最引人注目的微软公司案例所展示的文化冲突。令人诧异的是，该冲突主要在于我们阅读时是否还会翻阅书籍。Translation (Para 4) 屏幕文化是信息不断变化的世界，是原声摘要，剪辑和不成熟观点源源不断播出的世界。它是花边新闻，新闻标题和第一印象不断变化的世界。观点不是独立存在的而是和其他任何事物相互联系的。事实不是由作家和权威人士发布的，而是由听众组合的。屏幕文化快的像30秒的电影新片预告，像网站一样随意无限制。Unit7 Text ATranslation (Para 13-14)这并不是说竞争者总是勾心斗角，但试图胜过某人的这一做法有损于信任的建立信任一个从你的失败中获取利益的人实在是荒唐之举。往最好处说，竞争让人相互鄙视；往最坏处说，竞争使人兵戎相见。 但是不管在竞争中产生多少不良情绪，我们总是善于指责个人，却没能注意到比赛方式本身，这种比赛把个人的成功建立在他人的失败上。比赛作弊可能不是心理失常的表现，而是这种组织形式的必然结果，体育道德只不过是人为地减少竞争危害的补救措施而已。如果我们在球场上或者田径场上没有进行较量，我们就不必反复要求人们具有体育精神，他们很可能从一开始就相互合作了。Unit8 Text ATranslation (Para 2)Solar power, wind turbines and other sources of clean power - the preserves of visionaries and enthusiasts little more than a decade ago - are now poised on the brink, helped in no small part by the environmental deficiencies of fossil fuels. (para 2)Little more than: 仅仅 太阳能，风能以及其他各种清洁能源在十几年前还只是幻想家和热衷者们的研究领域，如今就要成为重要的能源, 这主要是因为矿物燃料污染环境。SummaryUnit1 Text B Summary (para 1-2) The traditional American family has lost its leading place. Compared with traditional American family, more couples are unmarried or without children. In only about 20 percent of families, father is the only economic source. Due to some reasons like delaying marriage, divorce, cohabit before marriage and births to unmarried mothers, at present, only about 50 percent adults are married. So there are fewer children and working parents in the new American family. In addition, mothers give birth to their children at an ever older age and space them further apart.Unit2 Text ASummary (para 1-4) In connection with news and rumors from the Middle East, crude-oil prices have been drastically gone up and down. Although people aware that the world trends to be short of oil supply, the spending is increasing. With the question about the possibility of another oil crisis, some people believe that there will be a tremendous amount of pressure on prices. However, others dont agree with them. They point out that oil producers will not interrupt their supply for long. More important, thanks to technology, the supply has been increasing steadily.Unit3 Text BSummary (1-2) Clone is a controversial area in science. Recently, the scientists announce that they have successfully cloned a human embryo. Act aims to produce human stem cells through cloned embryos, which can mature into any cell type in the body and be perfect match with the receivers organs. Acts achievement is doubted by many biologists, for no cloned human embryos they produced can grow enough to be used for medical purposes. Although it is extremely difficult to clone a man, with conceited efforts, a breakthrough may occur in this area.Summary (3-5) Take safety into account, every serious scientist opposes to clone a person today. Animal studies show that only a small tiny of cloned ones can reach their adulthood, all of who have a variety of defects. Different from orthodox genetic views, cloning studies agree the complex interaction between genes and the environment. Cloned animals can develop successfully, even when there have some significant malfunctions in their genes. Except for safety, the author is still against to clone a baby. Take test tube baby as an example. There are some potential health problems as well as ethnical issues. Unit4 Text BSummary (1-2) The World Trade Center towers have been ruinously attacked for one year. However, questions are still about the perspective of skyscrapers, for no one wants to work or live in a huge, symbolic building which distinguishes him/her from others and therefore is prone to be attacked. To the tragedy, A. Eugene Kohn points out that though the U. S. A may not build high buildings for ten years, actually it will be only a sad break in the development of tall buildings. He notes that the reasons for building skyscrapers have remained: high land cost in crowded cities, demanding economic needs (especially in developing Asia) and the developers egos.Unit6 Text ASummary (3-5) In their book, the Myth of the Paperless Office, the co-authors describe the quandary were all in by describing the problem of a manager whose office is full of paper. Although he can find the documents he needs very quickly, the mess room really embarrasses his boss. Paper has some advantages. Through indentifying the different locations of various papers, it is easy for us to know those hot files, warm files and cold files. In addition, paper can avoid some troubles caused by computers.Summary (6-7)Paper brings much more convenience in our reading, writing, delivery, and etc. People can easily read from more than one paper, mark in more varied ways, and skim paper briefly. （People easily read from more than one paper, annotate as well as mark paper in varied ways and skim it briefly） Paper is also often indispensable for writing with various source documents and easier correction. Paper is also well suited in meetings or any place where people collaborate. Finally, we can deliver paper in person and feel assured.Unit7 Text ASummary (10-13) Some people believe that activities have to be related to win/lose. One reason is that they may have not tasted the games without competition, which make participants fun. The other reason is that those people neglect/overlook the psychological costs of competition. Due to competition, the feeling of self-worth is assessed /evaluated by exterior resources. Competition poisons our relationship. It makes it difficult for anyone to regard others as possible friends or cooperators. At best, competition leads one to look down upon others; at worst, it causes direct attack/offense, so to speak.Unit7 Text BSummary (3-6) Competition is clearly a part of human nature and exists in many cultures, even youth games. Some believe that competitive experiences in childhood help teenagers achieve an advantage in the adult competition. Although it is not clear how competition stimulates young people, some studies show that competition enables preteens to compare their skills with their peers and find their own niches. Cox even offers useful strategies for designing some competitions good for teenagers development.Summary(7-10) The majority of this research suggests cooperation rather than competition improves social condition. Competition often leads to internal social conflict, while cooperation often leads to group harmony and improved productivity. Stimulating structured competition among young children may be particularly harmful, and they cant effectively use competitive results to compare their performances with others. In addition, competition causes an over dependence on external rewards like financial reward.Unit8 Text ASummary (6-11) Although the suns power is phenomenal, the price of solar technology is its sticking point. To slash/decrease the cost, today, some companies are developing a new generation of wafer-thin photovoltaic solar panels. Solar power could offers thousands of times more energy than the world currently uses and its power can be widely used. It is sure that solar energy is becoming an alternative energy. In addition, advocates claim that PV could be the simplest and most elegant technology to harness the power of the sun.Summary (12-16) The power of moving water is another renewable energy source. However, there is a series of hurdles in the exploration and development of moving water such as the intrinsic difficulties of rough sea, financial shortage and continuously varying flow. Although hydroelectric is well establish, producing a extremely huge amount of electricity and power, the construction of mighty dams often leads to serious environmental problems. Apart from such obvious deficiencies, hydropower is a clean, renewable source of energy offering cheap electricity.Summary (17-20) Because of being simple in concept, practical in reality, wind power has been studied / prepared by energy providers