大学英语四级翻译技巧.doc

大学英语四级考试翻译应试技巧考点： 四级翻译主要考查学生熟练掌握英语的能力，主要包括考查语法、核心动词、动词短语和固定搭配。 一、评分标准（语言、整体结构） （1）整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。（2）结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。（3）整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。（4）整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。（5）大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。例如：Since my childhood I have found that _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).（2006.12） 1分 nothing but reading can attract me so much 0.5分 there is nothing but reading that can catch my attention (意思不确切) 0分 nothing is more interesting than reading book for me (意思不确切、语言错误)二、真题解析 （ 2007.12 ） 87. ( 多亏了一系列的新发明) ,doctors can treat t his disease successfully . 88. In my sixties, one change I not ice is that _ ( 我比以前更容易累了) 89. I am going to pursue this course, _ ( 无论我要作出什么样的牺牲) 90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because _ ( 它更加方便和省时) 91. Many Americans live on credit and their quality of life _ ( 是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的) , not how much they can earn. 87.Thanks to a series of new inventions. (考察固定搭配thanks to , a series of ) 88.I get tired more easily than before.(考查的是表语从句,考查点之二是比较级) 89.no matter what I have to sacrifice /pay （主要考查牺牲的表达） 90. shopping online is more convenient and efficient /can save more time.(考查表达convenient ,time-saving, efficient,还涉及对篇章的把握和灵活处理能力 ) 91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow. (本题考察词汇measure， 固定搭配in terms of)三、题型特点及应试技巧 四级翻译部分的主要考察点, 考查方式主要有以下特点: 1. 从形式上看四级翻译是只翻译半句, 而不是整个句子。 2. 大学英语大纲要求的核心词汇和词组是翻译考试出题的重点之一。主要考点为： （1）语法考点。侧重点是虚拟语气、倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词（动名词、过去分词、独立主格）等。 （2）核心动词和动词短语的考查。 （3）固定搭配。主要是名词与动词搭配、形容词与名词搭配、动词与副词修饰关系、名词与介词搭配、固定词组及固定表达等。四、解题步骤 1. 通读全句 例如：_（她目不转睛地看着窗外），she told us that our friend Tom had died in the air crash. 【解析】划线部分不是一个句子，而是一个状语成分，必须使用非谓语结构或独立主格结构。 Staring out of the window； 2. 审查时态 例如：Since were here _(我们不如四处看看）. 【解析】 前半句一个条件状语从句，因此划线部分应该是主句，有完整的主谓结构，而且全句使用的是一般现在时态 。 we may as well look around.3. 组织语言 例如：By contrast，American parents were more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent. 【解析】本题考查be likely to do sth.“很可能做”和attribute sth. to sb. “将归因于”的用法 to attribute their childrens success to 4. 重新审视 确认自己翻译的部分与题目给出的英文部分已构成了一个语法正确、达意清晰的句子。还应该重点检查句首字母的大写、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的问题。 五、语法重要考点 虚拟语气是翻译部分的考查重点，虚拟语气的用法主要有以下几点： 1. 虚拟条件句中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类： 1) 表示与现在事实相反的情况：从句：If主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do(动词原形)eg： If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 2)表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If主语+had+done主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have doneeg：If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her. 3)表示对将来情况的主观推测从句： if+主语+were to do/did/were/should/would/could/might +do主句：主语+should/would/could/might+doeg：If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him. （2009.6） 88.If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary _ (就不会被大雨淋了). 【答案】would not have been caught in the heavy rain。 本句考查的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句使用的是过去完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用be caught in the rain这一说法。 2.一些能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词的用法，如：lest，in case等。in case，lest后面的句子使用虚拟语气，意思为“以防，以免”，虚拟语气的形式为should+动词原形，should不可以省略，但可以不用虚拟语气而改用陈述语气。（2008.12） Youd better take a sweater with you（以防天气变冷）. 【答案】in case /lest it should turn cold。本题考查的是in case和lest后面的句子 要使用虚拟语气，其形式是should加动词原形。 3.一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语或同位语从句往往采用“（should)动词原形”的虚拟形式，如：suggest, propose, command, order, request, require等。eg. Hesuggested that we(should) takethe teachers advice. 4.一些形容词后面的主语从句中往往采用“（should）动词原形”，这些形容词包括important，essential，necessary，urgent，vital等。eg. It is strange that such a person (should) be our friend.六、重点句型 1）It is+形容词+that【例句】It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.【翻译】可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着重要的角色。 2）It is+形容词+to do/ doing【例句】She had said what it was necessary to say.【翻译】她已经说了一切有必要说的话。 3）祈使句/名词+and/ or【例句】Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.【翻译】努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。 4）as+many/much+名词+as【例句】It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in London.【翻译】据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。 5）倍数词+as+形容词+as【例句】The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.【翻译】这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。6）too.to.二（太而不能；极其地）例如：Itwasnottoobrightofthemtosettleinanareawhereearthquakesfrequentlyoccur.他们选择在地震多发的地区定居，这可不是个明智的决定。7）onlytofind/see（结果却；没想到会）例如：Hespentalmostallhismoneytobuythehenwhichwassaidtobeabletolaygoldeggs,onlytofinditcouldnotlayeggsatall.为了买那只据说能下金蛋的母鸡，他几乎倾家荡产，没想到这只鸡根本不会下蛋。8）Itisundoubtedthat/Thereisnodoubtthat（毫无疑问，）例如：Thereisnodoubtthatwarcanbeavoidedifwegetdowntopeacetalk.毫无疑问，如果我们肯认真和谈就能避免战争。9）not.until（直到才）例如：Wecantreleasethefilmuntilwehavetheapprovalfromtheauthorityconcerned.直到获得有关当局的批准我们才能发行那部电影。10）Itistakenforgrantedthat（被认为是理所当然的）例如：Ithasbeentakenforgrantedthatwomenshouldtakeonallthehousework.多年来人们一直认为女性做家务是理所当然的。11）Itis/wassaidthat（据说）例如：itissaidthatmanistheleastbiologicallydeterminedspeciesofallbecausehepossessesfeaturesabsentinothernaturalspecies.据说人类是生物学上最难归类的物种，因为人类拥有其他天然物种所缺乏的特性。12）Asfarassb.sth.isconcerned（就而言，在看来）例如：AsfarasIamconcerned,fashion.belongstowomen.在我看来，时尚是属于女性的。英语四级翻译训练 1.(这个计划成功的关键) _is good planning. 2. The specific use of leisure_(每一人都不同) 3. The ships generator broke down and the pumps_( 不得不用手工操作 ) instead of mechanically. 4. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_( 习惯了学生迟到 ) his lecture. 5. I prefer to communicate with my customers _( 通过写电子邮件而不是打电话) 6. After the terrorist attack, tourists _ ( 被劝告暂时不要去该国旅游) 7.( 他把自己奉献于社区工作 ) _ and is passionate about what he is doing. 8. Man should not exploit the natural resources _以牺牲其他物种为代价 ). 9. When Sandy recovered from cancer, her doctor _ ( 把此归因于她对未来的信念 ). 10. At the end of his speech, the school master encouraged the children to work hard _ ( 不要让父母失望 ). 11. In the budget for this building, they failed to _( 考虑价格增长的因素 ). 12. Only after I slapped him on the back _( 他才发现我并高兴得叫起来 ). 13. I didn t even speak to him, _( 更不用说与他讨论事情 ). 14. Some young people would rather try hard themselves to go through life than _( 求助于他们的父母 ) with a sense of guilt. 15. The victim _( 本来有机会活下来 )