整理仁爱英语七、八年级语法及练习.doc

七年级上册 语法摘要一名词名词的数：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, knife-knives, wife-wives, shelf-shelves4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esfamily-families, story-stories, city-cities5以o结尾的名词有生命的名词-eshero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes无生命的名词-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, radio-radios6以-th结尾的名词加-s mouth-mouths, month-months, 2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, 3只有复数形式trousers, clothes4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, team,3. 名词的所有格： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加s构成， 二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。1）. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boys father, Jacks book 复数名词一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother, 不规则复数名词后加sthe childrens toys, womens rights, 以s结尾的人名所有格加s或者Dickens novels, Charless job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加sJanes and Marys bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加sJane and Marys father表示某人家店铺，所有格后名词省略the doctors, my uncles2）. of所有格的用法： 用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book二，数词 基数词表示事物的数量: One, two, three, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten , eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteenTwenty , twenty-one thirty, forty, fifty eighty, ninety, one/a hundred , one/a hundred and one two hundred三冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。 I. 不定冠词的用法：1指一类人或事，相当于a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk II. 定冠词的用法：1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door? 4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the tallest boy in our class .8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9用于方位名词前In the north/south/east/west III. 零冠词的用法：（初一下内容）1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.5学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.四代词（人称代词和物主代词与指示代词）1人称代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2物主代词形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs3指示代词近指：this, these 远指：that ,those 1.人称代词分为主格和宾格 动词/介词 + 宾格 2. 物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 注意：“I” 要放在后面！ 例如：Kangkang and I are in the same class.（the same + 名词单数形式） 3.人称代词并列用法的排列顺序 1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称-第三人称-第一人称 即：you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I 2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称-第二人称-第三人称 即：we and you;you and they;we，you and they 4.人称代词口诀： 人称代词分主/宾，只有八对要区分。 你(们)、它主/宾同一形，其余主/宾须分清。 谓语之前主格填，动/介之后宾格跟， 口语运用最灵活，表语也可用宾格。 人称代词并列现，注意顺序礼貌见， 二一、三一、二三一，第一人称最谦虚， 若把错误责任担，第一人称须当先。 五，时态。（一般现在时） 概念：1)表示现在的状态； 2）表示经常、习惯性的动作； 3）表示主语具备的性格和能力等。 1. 时间状语：often, usually ,always, sometimes, every week (day, year, month)，once a week, on Sundays等。 如：I go to school at seven every day。我每天7点上学。 2. 基本结构：（1）be动词； （2）行为动词 否定形式(1)amisare+not; （2）谓语动词诺为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句(1)把be动词放于句首；(2)用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does,同时还原行为动词。 如：She gets up at six every day。/ She doesnt get up at six every day。（否定句）/ Does she get at six every day?(一般疑问句) 3. 一般现在时的谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式表示：其动词的第三人称单数形式构成规则如下： 一般在动词词尾加一s。 如： drive-dives get-gets 以字母s，o，x，ch或sh结尾的动词在词尾加es。如： go-goes watch-watches wish-wishes 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。 如： Study-studies fly-flies 词组1. Look after/like/the same/at + 名词2. help yourself/yourselves to3. be动词（am，is，are） + from = come from 介词（in，on，at） 时间in morning/afternoon/evening on Sunday/Monday/Tuesday at + 点钟 地点in a hospital/school on a farm/the sofa at school/home 颜色：black, white, red, blue, green, yellow, pink, orange, gray, blond, brown, 职业：student, teacher, cook, driver, nurse, farmer, doctor, office worker 动物：panda, elephant, lion, monkey, horse, pig, dog, cat ,fish 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：代词数词性状形容词冠词前的形容词冠词指示代词不定代词代词所有格序数词基数词性质状态大小长短形状新旧温度颜色国籍产地材料质地名词allbothsuchtheathisanotheryoursecondnextonefourbeautifulgoodpoorlargeshortsquarenewcoolblackyellowChineseLondonsilkstone仁爱版七年级英语上册语法练习一、名词 专项训练1, 按照要求将下列名词分类animal paper rice cake bread tomato water eggmeat desk hair hamburger milk juice apple airteacher panda news salt mouse monkey family box可数名词： 不可数名词： 2, 给出下列名词（组）的复数形式deskmousemanteachersnowmanfootwomanboxdressChineseclassknifeglassleafbusfamilytoycakebabyboyman teacherwoman doctorapple treeshoe shop二、用be 动词及其正确的形式填空。1、- _you Michale? - No,I_. 2、What_Janes phone number?3、- Where _she from? - She _from the USA.4、- Where _Lily and Lucy from? - They _from the USA.5、- _those apples？- No, they _. They _cakes.6. -_that cap red?- No, it_. It _yellow.7、The girl in green _Lisa.8、- How much_these apples? - 10yuan a kilo.9、- How much_this salt? One yuan a kilo.10、There_twelve people in his family.11、There_ some vegetables on the desk.12、There_ some water in the bottle. There _ (not be) any milk.三、写出下列缩写或完全形式。I am_ who is _ Jane has_ Therere_ is not_ arent_ Shed like_ do not_ doesnt_四、用 has/have填空。I _a happy family. My parents both _big ears. My mother _long blond hair and my father _short black hair.Does my sister Rose _big ears, too? Yes, but she doesnt _long blond hair like my mother. My pet Kitty _short legs and big feet. Do you _a nice family ,too?五、用do, does及其正确形式填空。1.- Excuse me. _you have any good friends?- Yes, I _.2.- Kangkang and Jane, _you have different looks?-Yes, we_.3.- What _Kangkang look like? _he have strong arms?- Yes, he_.4.- _Jane have blue eyes?- Yes, she_.5.- _you have any pets at home? - Yes, its a cat.- _it have a name? - Yes, its name is Tommy.- Thanks a lot. - Not at all.六、在需要的地方用a .an 填空。_ruler _phone _head _orange _eraser _apple_English car _young man _arm _teacher _office worker七、用some/any 填空。1. Theres _milk in the cup.2. Is there_ _milk in the cup? No, there isnt_ _.3. We dont have _bags now. Buy_, please.4. Help yourself to _fish, please.5. - Would you like_ tea? - No, thanks.6. Why not have_ vegetables? They are delicious.八填空1.Could_(你)ask_(他) to call_(我)back?2.Dont forget_（我们）.3._(我们)would like to buy_ (它) for our mother.4.Could_(你们)help_(她)out?5. Theres one dollar on the floor. Pick_(它)up.6._（他们）are friendly to_（你们）.7._(我)like_（她）a lot.8._(她)brings_（它们）to_（我们）.9.Does_（他）give_(它)to_(他)？10._（他）does_(他的)homework on Sunday.11._(它)cant find_(它的)way home.12._（她）looks after_(她的)grandmother.13.This is_（我的）pen. Thats_（你的）。14.These coats arent_(我的). I think theyre_（你们的）。15._(他的)jacket is blue._（她的）is white.16.-Whose bike is this? -Its_（他的）.17.Those are_(我们的)desks. _（他们的）are over there.18.- Are these TV sets _（我们的）？-No ,theyre_(他们的)TV。九用所给的动词的适当形式填空。1. He often_(get)up at half past six.2. -_she _(like)noodles?-Yes, she_.3. Jack_(not play)soccer.4. Jane_(have)a new pen .But Tom_(not have)one.5. We_(study) in No.1High School. Mike_(study) inNo.2 High School.6. Maria_(try)on the new dress.7. They often _(fly) kites. Kate often _(fly)a kite, too.8. Rose often_(cry). But her brother _(cry)a lot.9. Kangkang often_(carry)water for the old man.10. His uncle often_(buy)some delicious food for him and he often_(take)it to the school to eat.11. Lucy and Lily_(go)to school at 7oclock. Jim_ (go) at 6:45.12. I_ (teach) math here. My father _ (teach) English.13. - _Mary often_(watch)TV? - Yes, she often_(watch) it on Sunday.14. _you want_ (eat)some hamburgers?15. - Would you like_ (sing)some songs with me? - Yes, Id love to.16. Dont forget_(bring) your clothes.17. Could you ask her_(have) supper with me?18. Its 6:20. Its time_(get)up now.19. - Do you like_(speak) English? - Yes, I do.20. - May I _(take )your order? - A bottle of apple juice.21. - Can I_( sit) down now? Sure.22. Why not_(come)to China? Good idea.23. Let me _(help)you.24. - How about_(swim) this Sunday?- No problem.七年级下册仁爱英语语法摘要一，there be1. there be句型（一） (1)句型结构为：there be(is/are)+某物某人+地点时间（介词短语），意为“某处某地有某人或某物”，表示存在的一种状态，句中be动词的选择由其后面的名词确定有两种句式： There is+单数名词不可数名词+介词短语：如： There is a computer in the study 书房里有一台电脑。 There is some water in the bottle 瓶子里有一些水。 There are+名词复数形式+介词短语。如： There are some flowers in the garden 花园里有一些花。 be动词后面的名词如果是由and连接的几个名词时be动词应遵循就近原则，即与邻近名词的数保持一致。 There is a chair and two desks in the teachers room. 老师的房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。 There are two desks and a chair in the teachers room. 老师的房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。 (2)there be结构的否定句： there be结构的否定句直接在be动词后面加not。如： There is an apple on the plate盘子里有一个苹果。 There isnt an apple on the plate盘子里没有苹果。(3)there be结构的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答： there be结构的疑问形式直接把be动词提前，句末加问号。 肯定回答：Yes，there is/are. 否定回答：No，there isnt/arent . -Are there any books about Chinese history? 有关于中国历史的书吗？ -Yes.there are./No,there arent 是的，有。不，没有。 -Is there a computer in your study? 你的书房有电脑吗？ -Yes,there is，/No，there isnt 是的，有。不，没有。2. there be句型（二）(1)针对there be结构的名词提问，常常用whats+地点状语，名词无论是单数形式还是复数形式，be动词都用is，且常省略there。如： There is a desk in the room. （对画线部分提问） 房间里有张桌子。 Whats in the room? 房间里面有什么？ There are many students in the class room（对画线部分提问） 教室里有许多学生。 Whats in the classroom教室里面有什么？(2)针对there be结构中名词的数量提同，用how many或how much提问，后面要紧跟这个名词 .如： Theres a coat on the bed（对画线部分提问） 在床上有一件衣服。 How many coats are there on the bed? 在床上有多少件衣服？ Therere some meat in the bowl?（对画线部分提） 在碗里有一些肉。 How much meet is there in the bowl. ?在碗里有多少肉?3. there be句型（三）there be与have(has)的用法区别：there be句型表示“某处某时有某物或某人”，强调的是一种客观存在，但have表示“某人或某物有”，强调的是拥有或占有，即某物或某人与主语是所属关系，但有时它们也可以相互转换。I have a new bike我有一辆新自行车：The cat has two black ears。这只猫有两只黑耳朵。There are some flowers in the garden. 花园里面有很多花。There is a computer in Kangkangs room.= Kangkang has a computer in his room.在康康房间里有一台电脑。二，时态1.现在进行时现在进行时表示正在发生或进行的动作 ，常与now, at the moment，look，listen等词语或者短语连用。结构：主语+be(is,am,are)+现在分词。如：Mary is having lunch with her parents now 玛丽正和她的父母一起吃午餐。They are doing their homework at home. 他们正在家里做家庭作业。动词的现在分词的构成规则： 一般在词尾加-ing。 如：drink-drinking以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ing。如： make-making close-closing have-having以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加ing。如：Sit-sitting begin-beginning shop-shopping 2.一般过去时(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态常和yesterday, last night/year, two days/weeks ago, just now. a moment ago，in 1990/2006等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： I was a student two years ago两年前我是一个学生。 He sang an English song yesterday昨天他唱了一首英文歌. Did he perform Chinese kung fu at the party? 他在晚会上表演了中国功夫吗？ He was ill yesterday. So he didnt come to school. 昨天他生病了，所以他没来上学。(2)动词过去式的构成如下： 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。如： look-looked, play-played 以不发音的e结尾的动词在末尾加-d。如： live-lived 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如： plan-planned, stop-stopped 末尾是辅音字母加字母“y”的动词，先变v为i，再加-ed。如： study-studied 不规则动词的过去式参见不规则动词表。三情态动词I. 情态动词基本用法：情态动词+动词原形情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（can表猜测，可能cant用于否定猜测）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.must必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（表肯定推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt /dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.shall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant doShalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No, wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt doII. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测：以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行；must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情；must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。1. must“肯定，一定”语气强，只用于肯定句中。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. may和might“也许”，后者语气弱，更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task. 3. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant语气强，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so near.（推测某事本来可能发生，但实际上没有发生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强，常用于疑问句和否定句中)III. 情态动词注意点：1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”，而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外，两者不能重叠使用。情态动词练习1. _ I take it out? Im sorry, you _.A. Could .couldnt B. Might.might notC. Could.can D. May.cant2. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up.A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get3. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink.A. will.can B. may.can C. may.dares D. dare.can4. _ to have lunch with us today?A. Do you likes B. Would you like C. Will you liked D. Have you liked5. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you wished.A. may B. must C. can D. might6. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short.A. needntB. cant C. shouldnt D. wont 7. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes.A. may B. might C. can D. could8. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left.A. may B. must C. can D. need9. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to10. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack_ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. can答案：110：DCBBD BBBDC 四 数词(1)数词有两种： 表示数目的词叫基数词，如one，two，three，four等；表示顺序的词叫序数词，如first，second，third，fourth等，使用序数词时前面必须加the，但之前有this/that /my等限定词时不加the。如： There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。 The first day of a week is Sunday星期天是每周的第一天， Mr. Wang is my first old teacher王老师是我的启蒙老师 (2)基数词变序数词，也可用口诀记忆法：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th（fourth）；123特殊记，制尾字母tdd( first，second，third)；八去t来九去e（eighth，ninth），f要来替ve(fifth，twelfth)；若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以（twenty-first），若是遇到整十数，ty变成ti，eth -同来(thirtieth)。(3)序数词也可以缩写，缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加词尾最后两个字母构成。如： first-lst second-2nd fourth-4th twenty-first-21st34 语法专项习题-数词1( ) 1 There are _ days in a year.A. three hundreds sixty-five B. three hundreds and sixty-five C. three hundred and sixty-five D. three hundred and sixty five( ) 2 There are_ students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-six B. eight hundred and forty six C. eight hundred and forty-six D. eight hundred forty-six2( ) 1 _people visit this museum every day.A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of( ) 2 There are two_ people in the meeting room.A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of D. hundred of( ) 3 Every year _ watch NBA on TV.A. million people B. millions of peopleC. millions people D. million of people( ) 4 _ trees have been planted in our