Professions for womenppt课件

Professionsforwomen BackgroundinformationA women smovementB ThewriterC GuidetoReading Structure TextAnalysis CourseArrangement A women smovement ThismovementoriginatedinEurope andalsoithaditsownbackground BecauseatthattimetheEuropeanwomen statusweresolow 英国基督教会礼仪认为 女人的意志应服从男子 男子是她的主人 也就是说 女人不能按她自己的意志生活 离开了男人 她既不干任何事而且也干不成任何事 男人怎么做她就怎么做 她应把男人当做主人来侍奉 她应畏惧男人 服从和臣属于男人 17世纪的基督教会 Thedefinition Thewomen smovement alsoknownastheFeminstMovement Women sLiberation orWomen sLib isaseriesofcampaignsonissuessuchasreproductiverights domesticviolence maternityleave equalpay votingrights sexualharassment andsexualviolence Thefirstwavereferstothemovementofthe19ththroughearly20thcenturies whichdealtmainlywithsuffrage Thesecondwave 1960s 1980s dealtwiththeinequalityoflaws aswellasculturalinequalities Thethirdwave late1980s early2000s dealtwiththesexandphilosophy Modernscience education Highereducationmakewomenrealizetheirrights dignityandthechancesofdevelopment Modernscience education Modernscience education Makeuseofknowledgeandtechnology toenrichthemselves toimprovetheirpositionsinsociety Media Withafemaleaesthetic Perspective 女性的视角 Policy Today femalecangettheindependentofspiritandpersonalitythroughworking Thesocietyfurnisheswomenabroaderstagetoshowthemselves Thewriter VirginiaWoolf 1882 1941 Englishnovelist criticandessayist Oneofthegreatestwritersofmodernism Oneofthepioneersofwomen sliberationfrompatriarchy Asuccessfulinnovatorintheformofthenovel sheisconsideredasignificantforcein20th centuryfiction B Thewriter VirginiaWoolfwasborninLondononJanuary25 1882 Shewaseducatedathomeinherfather slibrary ShewaskeenlyawarethatifshehadbeenaboyshewouldhavegoneontoCambridgeorOxford Laterwiththissenseofinjustice shewrotetwofeministworks ARoomofOne sOwn 1929 andThreeGuineas 1938 In1912shemarriedLeonardWoolf acriticandwriteroneconomics withwhomshesetuptheHogarthPress霍加斯出版社in1917 Theirhomebecameagatheringplaceforacircleofartists critics andwritersknownastheBloomsburygroup agroupofartistsandwriterswholivedandmeteachotherregularlyIBloomsburyintheearlypartofthe20thcentury AsanovelistWoolf sprimaryconcernwastorepresenttheflowofordinaryexperience VirginiaWoolfisgenerallyregardedasoneofthegreatestwritersofmodernismaswellasoneofthepioneersofwomen sliberationfrompatriarchy Sheisknownforherexperimentationandinnovationinnovelwriting Inhernovel emphasisisonthepsychologicalrealmofhercharactersandthemoment by momentexperienceofliving whicharedepictedbythetechniquesofinteriormonologueandstreamofconsciousness Inthisessay VirginiaWoolfgivesaclearandconvincingpresentationoftheobstaclesfacingprofessionalwomen Herbooksarealsonotedfortheirpoeticandsymbolicquality theirsubtlestyleandtheirrichhistoricalandliteraryreference 伍尔芙小说讲究环境和景物描写的印象效果 她的文笔富于音乐性 给读者以美感 Sheisknownforherexperimentationandinnovationinnovelwriting Inhernovels emphasisisnotonplotoractionbutonthepsychologicalrealmofhercharactersandthemoment by momentexperienceofliving whicharedepictedbythetechniquesofinteriormonologueandstreamofconsciousness Herbooksarealsonotedfortheirpoeticandsymbolicquality theirsubtlestyleandtheirrichhistoricalandliteraryreference Thetwoexperiencesthatshepresented Thefirstexperienceisafightagainstsomethingoutside thephantom ortheAngelinthehouse Thesecondexperienceisabouttheinnerstrugglebetweentheconflictingideaswithinthewriterherself StreamofConsciousness StreamofConsciousness literarytechnique firstusedinthelate19thcentury employedtoevincesubjectiveaswellasobjectivereality Itrevealsthecharacter sfeelings thoughts andactions oftenfollowinganassociativeratherthanalogicalsequence withoutcommentarybytheauthor Streamofconsciousnessisoftenconfusedwithinteriormonologue butthelattertechniqueworksthesensationsofthemindintoamoreformalpattern aflowofthoughtsinwardlyexpressed similartoasoliloquy Thetechniqueofstreamofconsciousness however attemptstoportraytheremote preconsciousstatethatexistsbeforethemindorganizessensations Consequently there creationofastreamofconsciousnessfrequentlylackstheunity explicitcohesion andselectivityofdirectthought Streamofconsciousness asaterm wasfirstusedbyWilliamJames theAmericanphilosopherandpsychologist inhisbookThePrinciplesofPsychology 1890 Widelyusedinnarrativefiction thetechniquewasperhapsbroughttoitshighestpointofdevelopmentinUlysses 1922 andFinnegansWake 1939 bytheIrishnovelistandpoetJamesJoyce OtherexponentsoftheformwereAmericannovelistWilliamFaulknerandBritishnovelistVirginiaWoolf 二十世纪世界公认的意识流创作大师弗吉尼亚 伍尔芙是英国文坛的前卫开拓者之一 她和当时的詹姆斯 乔伊斯 还有法国的普鲁斯特等创作意识流文学作品的作家一起 把意识流小说推向世界 极大地影响了世界范围内传统的写作手法 他们的出现 成为了传统文学和现代文学的一个分水岭 她被誉为 20世纪最佳女作家 1941年3月28日 举世无双的伍尔夫在自己的口袋里装满了石头 投入了位于罗德麦尔 Rodmell 她家附近的欧塞河 RiverOuse 以悲剧形式结束自己的生命 Herworks 出航 TheVoyageOut 1915年 夜与日 NightandDay 1919年 雅各的房间 Jacob sRoom 1920年 达洛维夫人 Mrs Dalloway 1925年 到灯塔去 TotheLighthouse 1927年 奥兰多 Orlando aBiography 1928年 一间自己的房间 ARoomofOne sOwn 1929年 海浪 TheWaves 1931年 岁月 TheYears 1937年 三个畿尼 ThreeGuineas 1938年 一畿尼为二十一先令 一先令为十二便士幕间 BetweentheActs 1941年 C SpecialtermsinGuidetoReading modernism Thedeliberatedeparturefromtradition aself consciousbreakwiththepast andtheuseofinnovativeformsofexpressionthatdistinguishmanystylesintheartsandliteratureofthe20thcentury asearchfornewformsofexpression popularfromthe1940stothe1960s patriarchy asocialsysteminwhichtheoldestmanruleshisfamilyandpassespowerandpossessionsontohissons Afamily community orsocietybasedonthissystemorgovernedbymen interiormonologue Apassageofwritingpresentingacharacter sinnerthoughtsandemotionsinadirect sometimesdisjointedorfragmentarymanner streamofconsciousness Aliterarytechniquethatpresentsthethoughtsandfeelingsofacharacterastheydevelop Streamofconsciousnessistheconsciousexperienceofanindividualregardedasacontinuous flowingseriesofimagesandideasrunningthroughthemind withouttheusualstructuretheyhaveinformalwriting Structure 5partsPart1 1 2 Introducethetopicunderdiscussion Fewerexperienceintheprofessionofliterature Part2 3 4 Thefirstobstacletobecomeaprofessionalwomanwriter angelinthehouse Part3 5 Thesecondobstacletobecomeaprofessionalwomanwriter noguaranteefortheaccesstosomaticdimensionofwomanhood Part4 6 sumsuptheauthor stwoexperiences pointingoutthatthesecondobstacleismoredifficulttoovercomethanthefirst Womenhavemanyprejudicestoovercomeintheprofessionofliteratureandespeciallyinnewprofessionsthatwomenareentering Part5 7 Woolfconcludesherspeechbyraisingsomeimportantquestionsconcerningthenewroleofwomenandthenewrelationshipbetweenmenandwomen TextAnalysis Part Paragraph1and2 AccordingtoWoolf aretheremanypeculiarexperiencesintheprofessionofliteratureforwomen Why whynot whatkindofoccupationiswritingaccordingtoher Whatis thereasonwhywomenhavesucceededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions WhatdidWoolfbuywithherfirstrewardfromwriting Paragraph1 Whatisthemainideaofparagraphone Intheprofessionofliterature theauthorfindsthattherearefewerexperiencespeculiartowomenthaninotherprofessionsbecausemanywomenwritersbeforeherhavemadetheroadsmooth Myprofessionisliterature andinthat fewer Imean thatarepeculiartowomen 1 thestage With the thewordmeansthetheater drama oractingasaprofession Likeliterature thestageinvolvesmorewomenthanotherprofessions 2 Whydoestheauthorsaythatintheprofessionofliteraturetherearefewerexperiencesforwomenthaninanyotherprofessions withtheexceptionofthestage thatarepeculiartowoman byFannyBurney AphraBehn HarrietMartineau JaneAustenandGeorgeEliot AllthewomenmentionedabovearewomenwriterswhohavemadespecialcontributionstoEnglishLiteratureintheiruniqueways SomelesserknownwomenwriterssuchasBurney BehnandMartineauarelistedherewhilemorefamousnamessuchastheBrontesistersareconspicuously k ns p kju sl 显著地 超群地missing WomenwritersbeforeWoolf FannyBurney范尼 伯尼 1752 1840 Burney sfournovelshaveearnedherfavorablecomparisonstoothergiantsofthegenre Austen Richardson Dickens andVirginiaWoolf sdeclarationthatsheis themotherofEnglishfiction FannyBurney范妮 伯尼一生共创作了4部长篇小说 记叙的都是年轻女性的坎坷经历 第一部小说 伊夫莱娜 一个年轻女子涉世的历史 讲述了一个无依无靠的灰姑娘伊夫莱娜如何赢得一门美满婚姻的浪漫传奇 看似一部传统童话 而实际却是一个被剥夺了权力 金钱 头衔 家庭和姓氏的女子 如何设法以不公开打破规范的方式最终获取所有这一切的故事 第二部小说 塞西莉亚 一个女继承人的传略 对女性在父权社会的地位做了更进一步的探讨 第三部小说与前两部作品不同 卡米拉 一幅青年画像 的女主人公卡米拉生活在一个完整的家庭中 拥有父母之爱 手足之情 还有一个十分疼爱其兄弟姐妹的伯父 但父姓在给予她社会庇护的同时 也严格限制着她的独立和自由 使她必须和伊夫莱娜一样屈从于男性 最后一部小说 流浪者 女人的艰辛 中 范妮 伯尼对女性的普遍困境进行了更大胆而深刻的探讨 AphraBehn s贝恩PerhapsthefirstprofessionalEnglishwomanwriterandplaywrightAphraBehn sinfluencewaslaterapplaudedbyVirginiaWoolfinARoomofOne sOwn butduringherowntimeshewassuspectedofplagiarism剽窃andaccusedoflewdness好色 淫秽becauseofhergender BuriedinWestminsterAbbey 英国戏剧家 小说家和诗人 第一位以写作为生的英国妇女 出身不明 也不知其娘家姓 不过知道她早年在南美洲度过 1658年嫁给英国商人贝恩 他于1660年代中期去世 她的小说 奥鲁诺克 Oroonoko 1688 写的是她在南美结识的一个沦为奴隶的非洲王子 此书影响了英国小说的发展 第一部剧本 逼婚 上演于1671年 后来她写了一些诙谐的喜剧 如两部 流浪者 1677 1681 十分成功 终其一生写过许多受欢迎的小说 Englishwriter whosewritings characterizedbyadvancedviewsonsocial economic andreligiousquestions causedconsiderablecontroversyinhertime IllustrationsofPoliticalEconomy 1832 1834 PoorLawsandPaupers贫民 1833 andIllustrationsofTaxation 1834 SocietyinAmerica 1837 EasternLife PresentandPast 1848 LetterontheLawsofMan sNatureandDevelopment 1851 Aferventabolitionist b l n st强烈的废奴论者 Martineau Harriet 1802 1876 Austen Jane 1775 1817 Englishnovelist notedforherwittystudiesofearly19thcenturyEnglishsociety Withmeticulous m t kj l s注意细节的detail Austenportrayedthequiet day to daylifeofmembersoftheuppermiddleclass Herworkscombineromanticcomedywithsocialsatireandpsychologicalinsight Prideandprejudice SenseandSensibility Emma Eliot George 1819 1880 pseudonym sudn mofMaryAnnorMarianEvans Englishnovelist whosebooks withtheirprofoundfeelingandaccurateportrayalsofsimplelives giveheraplaceinthefirstrankof19th centuryEnglishwriters Herfamewasinternational andherworkgreatlyinfluencedthedevelopmentofFrenchnaturalism AdamBede亚当 贝德 1859 TheMillontheFloss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 1860 andSilasMarner织工马南 1861 therewereveryfewmaterialobstaclesinmyway para 1 Whatdidshesuggestwiththisstatement Withtheword material shesuggestedthatthereareotherobstaclesinherway probablyobstaclesopposedtomaterial thatis obstaclesofaspiritual mentalorpsychologicalnature Thefamilypeacewasnotbrokenbythescratchingofapen 1 Herethe familypeace hastwomeanings first calm quiet tranquility second harmony lackofworryandquarrels 2 scratchingofapen thesoundmadebyanold fashionedinkpenwhenitmovesonpaper towritealltheplaysofShakespeare ifonehasamindthatway para1 TheimplicationisthatthougheverybodycanaffordthemoneytobuypapertowritealltheplaysofShakespeare whohasthekindofintelligenceandtalentthatproducedthosegreatplays Paragraph2 Theauthor sownprofessionalexperiencestheauthorrespondstothehost ssuggestionthatsheshouldtelltheaudiencesomethingaboutherownprofessionalexperiences Soshetellsherownstory howshebecameabookreviewer书评家whenshewasagirl ButtoshowyouhowlittleIdeservetobecalledaprofessionalwoman howlittleIknowofthestrugglesanddifficultiesofsuchlives Ihavetoadmitthatinsteadofspendingthatsumuponbreadandbutter rent shoesandstockings orbutcher sbills Iwentoutandboughtacat abeautifulcat aPersiancat whichverysooninvolvedmeinbitterdisputeswithmyneighbors Theimpliedmeaningisthatinthelivesofprofessionalwomenthereareusuallystrugglesanddifficulties Whentheymakesomemoney theywouldspenditonbreadandbutter rent shoesandstockingsorbutcher sbills Allofwhicharebasicdailynecessities breadandbutter asetphrase meansfoodandthemostimportantandbasicthings Part2 Para3 4 WasWoolf sfirstarticleeasytowrite Whatdidshehavetodobattlewithduringthewritingprocess WhatistheAngelintheHouselike Whatdidtheauthordowiththeangel Wastheangelinthehouseeasytokill DoChinesewomenhavetodothesamebattle MainideasofPara3andPara4 Para3 Thespeakerfocusesonthefirstobstacletobecomingaprofessionalwomenwriter Sheusesafigureofspeech killingtheAngelintheHouse indescribingherdeterminationtogetridoftheconventionalroleofwomeninherwriting Para4 AftertheAngelwasdead thequestionwhichremainstobeansweredis Whatisawoman Itisatransitionallinkbetweentheauthor sfirstandsecondexperiences 1 after especiallyinBritishEnglish giventhesamenameassomeoneelse especiallyanoldermemberofyourfamily e g HernameisElizabeth afterhergrandmother 2 heroine thecentralfemalecharacterinanovel play etc withwhomthereaderoraudienceissupposedtosympathize 3 TheAngelintheHouse CoventryPatmore theauthorofthepoem TheAngelintheHose seeshiswifeEmilyasaperfectVictorianwifeandheadofthehome thuscomparinghertoanangel Icalledheraftertheheroineofafamouspoem TheAngelinthehouse Tobecontinued 4 angel Theoriginalmeaningoftheword angel isamessengerofGodandasupernaturalbeingtowhomareattributedgreaterthanhumanpower intelligence etc Theconventionalizedimageofanangelisoneofawhite robedfigureinhumanformwithwingsandahalo Whenusedfiguratively thewordmeansapersonregardedasbeingasbeautiful good andinnocent etc asanangel especiallysaidofwomenandchildren Sinceanangelissupernaturalandoftenfemale itisappropriatefortheauthortocallthephantomanangel Icalledheraftertheheroineofafamouspoem TheAngelinthehouse WhatdidWoolfmeanbytheAngelintheHouse Howwouldyoucompare theAngelintheHouse withtheChinesephrase 贤妻良母 Aretheythesame Isthereanydifferencebetweenthetwo Inthethreeshortsimplesentences theauthorliststhreeimportantqualitiesofaVictorianwoman Shortastheyare allthethreesentencesareeffectiveandpowerful Thethreeadverbsbeforethethreeadjectivesareallforemphasis Eachoftheadverbssuitstheadjectiveitmodifiesperfectly Intensely meanshavingorshowingstrongemotion firmpurpose andgreatseriousness Ifsheisintenselysympathetic hersympathyisfirmandserious Immensely meanslimitless vast andhuge Utterly meansnotonlytotallycompletely butalsounqualifiedandunconditionally Shewasintenselysympathetic Shewasimmenselycharming Shewasutterlyunselfish Shewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorwishofherown Paraphrase1 Shewasmadeuporformedinsuchawaythatsheneverhadanopinionorwishofherown Paraphrase2 thetraditionalvaluesthatweresodeeplyrootedinherminddeprivedherofamindofherown Inthosedays thelastdaysofQueenVictoria everyhousehaditsangel para3 Themeaningofthissentencecanbeinterpretedontwolevels Onthefirstlevel inthelastdayofQueenVictoria everyhousehadawomanlikethat whowassympathetic charming unselfishandaboveallpure Onadeeperlevel inthelastperiodofthereignofQueenVictoria thebeliefthateverywomanshouldhavetheabovequalities andaboveall mustbepure AccordingtotheVictorianattitudes womenarenotsupposedtodiscussandexplorethesequestionsfreelyandopenly Theymust 1 charm usingtheirfemininecharmtogetrecognitionfrommen2 conciliate makeconcessionsintheirarguments3 telllies inordertosucceedintheprofessionofwriting Itooktheinkpotandflungitather para3 Paraphrase wheneverIfelttheinfluenceoftheVictorianattitudesonmywriting Ifoughtbackwithallmypower Shediedhard para3 Shedidn tdieeasily Shehadtobekilled theimpliedmeaningisthatonehadtofightagainsttheVictoriantraditionsbravelyandresolutelyinordertogetridofthem Paragraph4 whatisawoman Angel Traditionalvalues woman inkpotaftertheAngelwasdead thequestionwhichremainstobeansweredis whatisawoman itisatransitionallinkbetweentheauthor sfirstandsecondexperience Imean whatisawoman para4 Imean whatistheidentityofawoman Theseeminglysimplequestionofwhatisawomanaddressedtheverybasicquestionabouttheidentityandtheroleofawomaninsociety Whentraditionalvaluesarecriticized ittakestimefornewvaluestobeshapedandaccepted Itisalongprocess PartThree Paragraph5 QuestionsofPara5 WhydidWoolfwanttobecomeanovelist Whatisanovelist schiefdesire Whydoesanovelistwantlifetoproceedwiththeutmostquietandregularity Whydoeshewanttodothesamethingsdayafterdayandmonthaftermonth Accordingtowoolf whatrousesawomanwriterfromhertrance催眠状态 昏睡状态2 恍惚 发呆 herimagination Domenallowwomenwritertotalkabouttheirbodyandpassion Whyasunconsciousaspossible Asforwoolf sheexploredthepsychologicalnatureofconsciousness Thedescriptionoftheimmediateflowofhercharacters thoughtsandtheirfeelingsofthemomentwasmoreimportantthantherealisticdepictionoftheirphysicalbehavior Thelineracedthroughherfingers dashedagainstsomethinghard para5 Goonwithhermetaphorofthefisherman Theprocessoffishingiscomparedtotheprocessofcreativewriting thewriter simaginationfreelyexploredandexaminedthedepthsoftheunconsciousbeing wherehiddenthoughts feelingsweretobefound Thelineracedthroughherfingers dashedagainstsomethinghard Para5 Inthesesentences theauthorgoesonwithhermetaphorofthefisherman a fisherwoman inthiscase intendedtoseekthepools thedepthsandthedarkplaceswherethelargestfishwouldbe Butsuddenly thelineslippedthroughherfingersbecauseithadhituponsomethinghard Asaresult therewasanexplosion foam fromthedisturbedwater andconfusion Herfishingwasinterrupted andshewasrousedfromherdreams PartFour Para6 Thisparagraphsumsuptheauthor stwoexperiences pointingoutthatthesecondobstacleismoredifficulttoovercomethanthefirst Womenhavemanyprejudicestoovercomeintheprofessionofliteratureandespeciallyinnewprofessionsthatwomenareentering Whyisthesecondobstaclemoredifficulttosolve AnswertoQ Whyisthesecondobstaclemoredifficulttosolve Thefirsthastodowiththeconsciouswayofthinking one seducation socialattitudesandtraditionalvalues etc Thesecondexperiencehastodowithone sunconscious thedepthoftheunconsciousbeing Thusismoredifficulttodefine toexamineandcertainlyhardertodealwith OutwardlyVsinwardly Theauthorismakingcontrastbetweentheoutwardandtheinward Outward apparent observable andvisible inward ontheinsideof orbelongingtotheinnernatureofaperson mentalandspiritual tellingthetruthaboutmyownexperienceasabody tellingthetruthaboutmybodyandpassionsasawomanInwardly Ithink thecaseisverydifferent shestillhasmanyghoststofight manyprejudicestoovercome Theword ghost issimilarinmeaningto phantom usedinParagraph3 从内心世界讲 情况颇为不同 妇女还要与许多鬼怪做斗争 还有许多偏见需要克服 WhatisthemainideaofPara7 Inthelastparagraph Woolfconcludesherspeechbyraisingsomeimportantquestionsconcerningthenewroleofwomenandthenewrelationshipbetweenmenandwomen Withwhomareyougoingtoshareit onwhatterms Here Woolftalksthenewrelationshipbetweenwomenandmen Onwhatterms onwhatconditions agreementdoyousha