2005年高考英语第一轮总复习讲座之三十二.doc

2005年高考英语第一轮总复习讲座之三十二（SB-Units 13-14）P一、考点精析与拓展1.now that; due to; because of; owing to; since; asnow that作“既然”讲时，相当于since。now that中的that 可省去。如：Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你既然恢复了健康，就能够旅行了。due to作 “起因于、归功于”时，常作表语或跟在名词后，如：His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败源于他缺少经验。Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大叶造成的错误可能带来严重后果。The teams success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。because of“由于、因为”，在句中作状语或表语。如：Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的领导而受到人们的赞赏。His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失礼行为而生气。owing to“由于、因为”，常在现代英语中与because of, due to换用。如：Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天气不好，我不能把它进行下去。2.combine; connect; join; unite此组动词意为“联合、连接”。combine意为“结合、联合”，指为了某一目的而把两事物结合在一起。如：We must combine theory with practice.我们必须把理论和实践联系起来。He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物学和化学联系起来了。connect“连接”，指用东西把两事物连接在一起，或两事物直接相连，二者仍保持原状。The two cities are connected by a railway. 两座城市由铁路相连。He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤气和接在煤气炉上。join意为“连接”，指以线、绳、桥等把两物或两地连接在一起，和connect意思相近，也可指两物互相紧密相接。如：We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我们最好建一座钢筋桥把这个岛与大陆连接起来。Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?这条河和长江在哪里会合？unite意为“联合”，指两种以上的事物结合为一体，有合二为一的意味，强调结合后的统一性。The two companies will unite into one.这两家公司将合并成一家。The whole family united to help him.全家齐心协力帮助他。3.repair; mendrepair指将受损、故障、用旧之物修理好，如用于修补机械方面的东西多用repair。如：Ask him to repair my watch/TV set.请他给我修一下手表/电视机。The garage charged forty dollars to repair the car. 修车行修理这辆车收了四十美元。repair还可作“弥补、补偿”讲。如：How can I repair the damage I have caused?我怎样才能弥补我造成的损失？Id like to repair our differences .我想我们应该重归于好。mend指将打破、撕碎或用坏之物修补完整，“缝补衣服”多用mend。如：His clothes need mending.他的衣服该补了。She mended the broken jar with cement. 她用水泥把破碎的缸补好了。mend 还可意为“改正、纠正、治愈、使恢复健康”等。如：The prisoner is mending his way.囚犯在改过自新。It is never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹未为晚。4.worth; worthy两者均是形容词，意思是“值得的”，用法如下：（1）worthy可以作定语，worth不能。例如：a worthy rival值得较量的对手（2）worth后面直接跟名词（多为表示钱或代价的名词），其作用相当于介词；worthy后面接名词时须与of连用（一般不接表示钱的名词）。例如：This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.这本旧书值100美元。His deed is worthy of praise.他的事迹值得赞扬。（3）worth后面可直接跟动名词的主动结构；worthy后接动名词的被动结构，且须与of连用，worthy后也可接不定式的被动式。例如：This book is worth reading./ This book is worthy of being read./ This book is worthy to be read.这本书值得一读。The city is worth visiting./The city is worthy to be visited./ The city is worthy of being visited.（4）表示“很值得”，通常用well修饰，而不用very。例如：The film is well worth seeing.这部电影很值得一看。5.create; invent; discover三者含义相近，但用法不同：（1）create“创造、创作”，指产生出新的东西，其对象往往是精神上的，如艺术、文学作品中的人物及新的科学领域等。例如：Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亚创造了许多有名的人物。（2）invent“发明”，指创造出原来自然界不存在的东西，如工具、方法、手段、灯泡、汽车、电视、合成材料等。例如：who invented the telephone?谁发明了电话？He invented a new teaching method.他发明了一种的教学方法。（3）discover指“发现或找到”某种自然界本来已存在，但以前未被人类发现或认识的事物，如发现元素、电、煤、石油、铁等矿藏以及新星、星系或科学真理等。例如：I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer.我在抽屉里发现了一封未拆的信。6.notuntil三种句型notuntil有三种句型，即：正常语序、倒装语序和强调句型。（1）正常语序The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.I didnt know the truth of it until the next day.（2）倒装语序Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.Not until the next day did I know the truth of it.（3）强调句型 It was not until the child fell asleep the mother left the room.It was not until the next day that I knew the truth of it.（4）注意事项在notuntil句型中，主句中的动词均为短暂性动词，如leave,start等。而在until的肯定句型中，主句的谓语动词一定要用延续性动词，因为until作为连词和介词意为up to the time when; up to“直到时”。如：until只连接表示时间的短语和从句，不能用于地点和数量。如：We walked until the edge of the forest.(误)Our classroom can hold until fifty students.（误）7“一就”英语表达法高三教材中出现过以下两个句子：On his arrival he was sold to farmer and worked in the fields.他一到就被卖给一个农场主，开始在田里劳动。The moment he reached the country,he started his search.他一到那个国家，就开始寻找。以上例句中的On his arrival和The moment均含“一就”“刚就”之意。下面就该意义的四种表达方式予以归纳。（1）as soon as 归纳：as soon as 引出的时间状语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，表示它所指的动作发生在另一分句所指的动作之前。as soon as 可以与动词的一般现在时，一般过去时或完成时态连用，主句的动词使用相应的动词现在时，过去时或将来时。如：He started as soon as he received the news.他一得到消息就出发了。As soon as he had got into the car, I said“good morning”to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上车，我就用法语向他道了声早安，他也用法语作了回答。（2）hardly/scarcely/barelywhen/beforeno soonerthan归纳：注意搭配关系；hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner不可以放在when/before和than之后。hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner否定词位于句首时，句中的主语和谓语必须部分倒装。hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner引导的是主句，表示它的动作发生在从句之前，故常用过去完成时；而when/before和than引导的从句只能与一般过去时连用。该句型含“惊奇”之意。如：Mrs Winthrop had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her.温思罗太太刚离开房间，他们就议论起她来了。Scarcely/Hardly/Barely had he begun to speak when I sensed that he was in trouble.他刚一开口，我就感到他遇到麻烦事了。No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.我们一动身就遇上了大雷雨。（3）the moment/the instant归纳：名词短语the moment/instant/minute/second和副词immediately/directly可以用做连词，相当于as soon as,引导的是时间状语从句；从句既可放在句首，也可放在句中。如：The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.一见到他，我就知道没希望了。The instant you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 你一出账篷，便会大吃一惊。We will leave the minute youre ready.你一准备好，我们就走。She returned immediately she heard the bad news.她一听到这个坏消息，就返了回来。I left directly the clock struck twelve.钟一敲十二点我就离开了。（4）on+ 动名词（或表示动作的名词）归纳：动名词（或名词）结构表示它所表达的动作刚一发生或完成，句子谓语所表示的动作就接着发生。它相当于as soon as 引导的时间状语从句。如： On arriving in England, they were taken to the Grystal Palace by train.他们一到英国便乘火车去水晶宫。On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.他一从欧洲回来，便开始认真工作。He was greeted by the Prime Minister on his arrival at the airport.他一到机场，便受到总理的欢迎。另外，each time, every time如同上面四种类型一样，可直接用作从属连词，引导状语从句。如：Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. 我每次听了他的劝告，都会遇到麻烦。Ill think of my hometown each time I listen to that song.我每次听这首歌，都会想起家乡。二、精典名题导解题1 （NMET 1999）_youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as分析：A。本题的意思是“既然你已得到一次机会，你还是充分利用它为好”。可以看到，句里含有一个状语从句。now that=since意为“既然”。题2 With the old stone bridge_,a new steel one was going to be built there.A.torn down B.tearing down C.was torn down D.being torn down 分析：A。该题考查with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语这一结构。tear down 是“拆毁”的意思。bridge与tear down是被动关系，因此tear down应用过去分词，即torn down。题3 Those who were going to _refused to leave.A.turn away B.be turned away C.turn up D.be turned back分析：B。该题考查由turn组成的词语辨析。turn away“解雇”，turn up“发生”，turn back“折回”。此句意思是：那些被解雇的人拒绝离开。题4 It was food and water _once a day.A.that were given out B.which was given outC.which were given out D.that gave out分析：A。该题是一个强调句型，主语是food and water,谓语动词应用复数。give out“分配”，与主语是被动关系，所以答案应选A。题5 （NMET 1996）You didnt let me drive. If we _in turn, you _so tired.A.drove; didnt get B.drove; wouldnt getC.were driving; wouldnt get D.had driven; wouldnt have got分析：D。含有if从句的虚拟语气表示过去发生的事，从句用过去完成时，主句用过去将来完成时，即would + have + 过去分词。这句话意思是：你不让我开车。如果我们轮流开车，你不会那么累。题6 （NMET 2001）Visitors_not to touch the exhibits.A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested 分析：D。该题考查时态和语态。题干所表示的是经常性的动作，须用一般现在时，主语是谓语动作的承受者，须用被动语态，所以答案选D。空白后的not to touch the exhibits是不定式的否定式，在句中作宾语补足语。题7 The matter_your fate cannot be taken for granted.A.relating to B.related to C.relate to D.to relate to分析：B。该题考查动词relate用法。relate to“与有关”，此处是过去分词作matter的后置定语，相当于一个定语从句：The matter which/that is related to your fatetake.for granted“想当然”。由此可以判断B为正确答案。题8 If you keep on, youll succeed_. A.in time B.at one time C.at the same time D.on time分析：A。该题考查介词短评的辨析。in time有“及时”之意，还有“迟早、总有一天”的含义，相当于sooner or later。其他选项均不合题意。四、课后巩固训练第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 听第1段对话，回答第1小题。1What causes the mans weight to lose ?AFruit BRunning CExercise听第2段对话，回答第2小题2How does he spend his spare time ?AWatching TVBplaying cards CWorking on the computer 听第3对话，回答第3小题3How much did the woman spend on one notebook ?ATwo yuan BTwo and a half yuan CThree yuan 听第4段对话，回答第4小题4What is the relationship between the woman and Mary ?AShe is Marys cousin BShe is Marys aunt .CShe is Marys niece 听第5段对话，回答第5小题5What can we learn about Mr . White ?AHe is a fortune teacher BHe is an excellent teacherCHe is one of all the teachers 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第67题。6What kind of room does the man want ?AA single room BA double room CTwo living rooms .7When will the man leave the hotel ?AOn June 11 th BOn June 14th COn June 15 th 听第7段材料，回答第810题。8Why did the man need help ?AHe bought too many books BThere was something wrong with his arms .CHe was not strong enough to carry the books .9Why did the man buy so many books ?AIt was Christmas Day .BThe books were cheap .CHe wanted to give some to his friends .10How much did each book cost ?A15 cents B25 cents C50 cents 听第8段材料，回答第1113小题。11What can we infer about Gary ?AHe hopes to become a painter some day .BHe isnt very familiar with painting .CHe doesnt like the course at all .12Who is Lisa Frank ?AThe painter Desiree BThe professor of the course CThe woman talking with Gary .13When does this conversation probably take place ?ABefore class BIn class CAfter class . 听第9段材料，回答第1416题。14How many rooms does the apartment have ?A5B6C715What is free to use ?AGas and electricity BElectricity and washer Cthe washer and the dryer .16How much does the woman pay for the rent ?A$395.B$375C$350 听第10段材料，回答第1720题。17What is the American dream about according to the speaker ?AHaving a car of their own BBuying or building a house CDreams about family life 18Where do families set up their homes ?ASuburbs BCity CTown 19What is the role of the husband in the family ?ACooking food for the whole family BPaying the bills every month CMaking a living for the family .20What will the husband or wife do , if he or she feels bored or unsatisfied ?AThey quarrel with each other .BThey hide their feelings .CThey talk about their bad feelings with each other .第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21I would have come sooner but I that you were waiting .Adidnt know Bhavent known Chadnt known Dhasnt known 22The Minister of Finance stresses that the quality of goods , the quantity of production , is the key to improving the nations economy .Aother than Brather than Cmore than Dbetter than 23Is John coming by train ? he , but he may not . He likes driving his car .Ashould Bmust Ccan Dmight 24Considering the present birth rate , the prediction that the world population will decrease in the near future simply does not .Aexist Bprove Cstand Dhold 25The culture and customs of America are more like of England than of any other country .Athat Bthose Cwhat Dwhich 26 one you choose , make sure that is a good one .AWhatever BWhichever CHowever DWhenever 27I always keep candles in the house there is a power cut .Aif Bunless Cin case Din the event 28Her design won the first prize in the competition. Years of patience and hard work had at last .Aput off Bpaid offCtake offDkeep off 29Most of his neighbors had moved away , and it was this had made him decide to sell the house .Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwho 30Mr . Smith told us that gold medal his son had got was considered great honor to the whole family .Athe ; x Ba; a Cthe; a Da; he 31I wonder why you wont do it as and its the third time you have done so .Atold you Bbe told Ctold to Dyou told 32You look tired . Yes . I nonstop until twelve oclock .Awere working Bwill be working Cwill have been working Dhave been working 33To our surprise , the painting considered should have won the prize !Acopying Bhaving copied Cto have been copied Dto have copied 34Is there anything I can do for you , sir ? .APerhaps . Go ahead .BNo. take your time .Cyes . Youre welcome .DNot now . Thanks anyway .35According to the recent survey , cancer is the leading cause of death among young adults in this area , women .Aapparently Bespecially Cexactly Dprobably 第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项When I was teenager , my dad did everything he could to advise me against becoming a brewer(酿酒人). Hed 36 his life brewing beer for local breweries only to make a living , 37 had his father and grandfather before him . He didnt want me 38 near a vat （酿酒用的桶）of beer .So I did as he asked . I got good 39 , went to Harvard and in 1971 was accepted into a graduate program there that 40 me to study law and business at the same time .In my second year of grade school , I began to realize that Id 41 done anything but got to school . So , at 24 I decided to drop out . 42 , my parents didnt think this was a great idea . But I felt strongly that you cant 43 till youre 65 to do what you want in life .I packed my stuff into a bus and headed to Colorado to become an instructor at Out ward Bound . Three years later , I was ready to go back to 44 . I finished Harvard and got a highly paid job at the Boston Consulting Group . Still , after working there five years , I 45 , “Is this what I want to be doing when Im 50 ?” At that time , Americans paid 46 money for beer in low quality . Why not make good beer for 47 ? I thought .I decided to give up my job to become 48 . When I told dad , he was 49 , but in the end he 50 me . I called my beer Samuel Adams , 51 the Brewer and Patriot （爱国者）who helped to start the Boston Tea party . 52 I sold the beer direct to beer drink to get 53 out . Six weeks later , at the Great American Beer Festival , Sam Adams Boston Lager（淡啤酒）won the top prize for American Beer . In the end I was destined （注定）to be a brewer . My 54 to the young is simple : Life is very 55 , so dont rush to make decisions . Life doesnt let you plan .36Acost Bspent Ctake Dpaid 37Alike Bas if Cso Dnor 38Aanywhere Bnowhere Cwhere Dsomewhere 39Aresult Bteachers Cgrades Dwork 40Apromised Bmade Cadvised Dallowed 41Anever BeverCalwaysDalmost 42AFortunately BObviously CPossibly DProperly 43Aexpect Bthink Cstop Dwait 44AschoolBColorado Cmy home Dmy decision 45Arealized Basked Cwondered Dknew46AlessBlittle Cgood Dlot 47AEnglishmen BEuropeansCthe world DAmericans 48Aa lawyer Ba brewer Can instructor Dan engineer 49Asurprised Bsatisfied Cinterested Danxious 50Ahated Bsupported Craised Dleft 51Afor Bat Cin Dafter 52ATherefore BOtherwise CAlsoDYet 53Athem Bthe word Ctea Dthe party 54Aadvice Blife Cjob Dexperience 55Ahard Bbusy Cshort Dlong 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AThe girl looking for the job turned out to be excellent but she ended up giving her employer a headache when it also turned out that she used an unreal diploma （文凭）. In December , a Civil Administration Bureau in the city of Wuhan , Hubei Province , announced that it needed five new staff members . Some 120 people applied and took the exam . Applicants were required to show proof of a college degree at least .Mei Jing beat everyone , in the test and the interview . When a follow-up check was done , however , her education certificate was discovered to be an unreal one .This was a bit of an embarrassment for the employers . A dilemma , one might say . If she were hired because of her excellent performance , she still wouldnt have the qualifications on paper . But , if she were dropped because she didnt meet the education requirements , they would lose a good worker . Tough problem .While Meis future hangs in the balance , the public having learned of the case , got involved .Some people said the bureau should employ her , since results are the only important thing . “After all , ability is more important than a diploma,” said one office worker .Others , however , have attacked Meis dishonesty . They said that morality (道德) was , after all , more important than talent , especially in the case of a government position . Mei wasnt honest , so she shouldnt be hired . Case closed .But , Shen Ronghua , the head of the Shanghai Public Administration and Human resources Institute , tries to be a bit more philosophical .“There is still a sort of diploma means this prejudice （偏见）among people,” Shen explains , “Many employers regard a diploma as the only sign of ability and talent.” So, with this in mind , people may pay little attention to whether someone has real ability or not . They turn to chasing a diploma instead . The unreal diploma is the natural product of this thought . The conclusion ? “China needs a new human resource system . The new system will not define a person only b