九年级英语Unit-1-Smile-and-Say-Hello北京版doc

Unit 1 Smile and Say Hello一、学习目标TopicSmile and Say HelloFunctionsGreetings; introducing oneselfGrammarInfinitives（1）Target languageTo talk about your family is a good way to begin your conversation. It is difficult for us to find a person to be a joyful or peaceful one. He pretended to be ill for fear of the coming examination.Actually I dont know the answers to these questions myself.I dont know how to start to talk with a person for the first time.I want to make a lot of friends.VocabularyJunior, magazine, develop, interest, notice, contact, stranger, joyful, peaceful, energy, pretend, kindness, respect, window, raise, as long as, change, dislike, fear, especially二、单词解释：（1）eye contact视线接触；如：When you talk to other people, you should have eye contact with them. 当你和别人说话时，要有目光上的接触。（2）joyful adj. 快乐的，兴高采烈的；如：He is a joyful person. 他是个快乐的人。（3）peaceful adj. 和平的，平静的，安宁的；如：I hope that the whole world will be peaceful. 我希望全世界是和平的。（4）energy n. 精力，活力；如：When you do some work, try to spend more energy. 当你工作时，要花更多的精力。（5）pretend v. 假装，装扮；如：She pretended to know nothing about it. 她假装什么都不知道。（6）respect n. 尊敬，敬重；如：Young people should show their respect to the elders. 年轻人应该对长辈有所尊重。（7）friendly adj. 友好的，友善的；如：Many of the foreign visitors are friendly when we practice English with them. 当我们和外国游客练英语时，他们中的很多人都很友好。（8）thankful adj. 感谢的，感激的；如：Im very thankful for her help. 我对她的帮助非常感激。（9）have a good time过得快乐，玩得愉快；如：I wish you could have a good time on your trip. 我希望你们在旅程中玩得愉快。（11）Internet n. 因特网，国际互联网络；如：Do you often go on Internet? 你经常上互联网吗？Internet language网络语言（12）chat room（网上）聊天室；如：I often talk with my friends in the chat room. 我经常在网上聊天室与我的朋友聊天。（13）geek n. 经常泡在网上的人；如：A geek is someone who just sits in front of the computer all the time.三、课文讲解1Wonderful film, isnt it? 很精彩的电影，不是吗？反意疑问句在陈述句之后加上一个与之相反的简短问句，这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成，在前一部分（陈述句）之后用逗号，后一部分（简短问句）之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形式，同时它的主语必须用人称代词，不能用名词。前一部分用降调，后一部分在表示疑问时用升调，在把握性很大，表示强烈意思时用降调。反意疑问句可分为两类：前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。前一部分为否定式，后一部分是肯定式。反意疑问句的结构主句为肯定陈述句时，附加问句为：助动词（情态动词be, have）的否定形式+主语？如：We must have a good pronunciation, mustnt we? 我们必须有一个良好的发音，对不对？The girl went home late yesterday, didnt she? 那个女孩昨天回家晚了，对吗？The Chinese people are the most interesting part, arent they? 中国人是最有趣的部分，对吗？They have finished reading this book, havent they? 他们已经读完这本书，对吗？She is practicing her English, isnt she? 她正在练习英语，对吗？She has to clean the classroom, doesnt she? 她必须得打扫教室，对吗？She was given a warm welcome, wasnt she? 她受到热烈欢迎，对吗？主句为否定陈述句（包括肯定形式中有never, few, seldom, hardly, little, nobody等否定意义的词）时，附加疑问句为：助动词（情态动词，be, have）的肯定形式+主语？如：The TV set hasnt been repaired, has it? 那台电视机没有修理好，对吗？She has never been to Taibei, has she? 她从没到过台北，对吗？She seldom goes to bed before ten oclock, does she? 她很少在十点前睡觉，对吗？There is little water in the thermos, is there? 暖壶里几乎没有水，对吗？She has few friends here, has she? 她在这儿没有几个朋友，对吗？The work cant be done in ten minutes, can it? 这项工作在10分钟内不能完成，对吗？Her mother isnt a teacher, is she? 她的妈妈不是一名老师，对不对？注意：如果陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定前缀，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定式。He was unhappy, wasnt he?Im unlike my mother, arent?主句为祈使句时，附加疑问句为：will或shall+主语如：Be sure to bring your bat with you, will you? 一定要把球拍随身带来，好吗？Lets go to school together, shall we? （包括对方）咱们一起去上学，好吗？Let us do our homework, will you? （不包括对方）让我们写作业，好吗？反意疑问句的特殊结构1）主句为感叹句时，附加疑问句的动词用be。如：What a foolish boy, isnt he? 多傻的孩子，对不对？2）主句的主语为everyone, someone, anyone时，附加疑问句的主语为he或they，而且谓语动词要与其保持一致。如：No one should ever kill a seagull, should he? (should they)任何人在任何时候不得杀死一只海鸥，对吗？Everyone knows him in our school, shouldnt they? (shouldnt he)我们学校每个人都认识他，对吗？3）主句的主语为none时，附加疑问句的动词为单数，主语为第三人称。如：None of his paintings is good, is it? 他的画没一张好的，对吗？4）主句的主语为this, that, everything, nothing时，附加疑问句的主语用it，谓语动词要与其保持一致。如：Nothing is difficult in the world, is it? 世界上没有太难的事，对吗？Everything is all right, isnt it? 一切都准备好了，对吧？5）主句部分有I am + 表语时，附加疑问句中用arent代替。这是由于“am not”无相应的缩写形式。如：Im late, arent I? 我来晚了，是吗？I am a worker, arent I? 我是一个工人，对吧？6）当主句中有there的结构时，附加疑问句的主语用there。如：There is a book on the desk, isnt there? 有一本书在书桌上，对吗？There wont be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦，对吗？7）陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，疑问部分中的动词和主语代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。但是，如果陈述部分是“I或we dont think (believe)+宾语从句”时，疑问部分中的动词和主语应和宾语从句的动词和主语保持一致并且要用肯定形式。如：He said that he wouldnt come for a game of pingpang on Friday, didnt he? 他说他将不参加星期五的乒乓球比较，对吗？He didnt tell me that he was a naughty boy, did he? 他没告诉我他是一个很淘气的男孩，对吧？I dont think he will come here tomorrow, will he? 我认为明天他不能到这儿来，对吗？I believe theyve already finished their work, havent they? 我相信他们已经完成了他们的工作，对吗？Tom doesnt believe she studies well, does he? 汤姆不相信她学习好，对吗？2Are we afraid of them? 我们害怕他们吗？afraid的用法Be afraid that 恐怕做某事， 担心做某事而be afraid of + doing/名词 害怕做某事be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事Im afraid that he cant go to school. 我恐怕他不能上学了。Im afraid to go out at night. 我害怕在晚上出去。Im afraid of the snake. 我害怕蛇。3What keeps us from opening our hearts to strangers?是什么阻止我们向陌生人敞开心扉？含keep的常用句型（1）keep doing sth. 意为“继续干某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，keep后不能接不定式或表示静止状态的v-ing形式，而必须接延续性的动词。如：He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。Keep passing the ball to each other, and youll be OK. 坚持互相传球，你们就行。（2）keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。如：The pupil kept on asking me the same question.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon.我总是想起下午的那场比赛。（3）keep.from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止做某事”。如：The heavy snow kept us from going out.大雪使我们不能出去。4I dont know the answer to these questions myself.我自己也不知道如何回答这些问题。the answer to these questions 问题的答案 在这里用的介词to而不能用of。如the key to the door. 门的钥匙。myself表示“我自己”是反身代词（一）反身动代词的构成： 第一、 第二人称的反身代词由形容词的物主代词加上self, selves构成。如：myself我自己, ourselves我们自己, yourself你自己, yourselves你们自己。第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上self, selves构成。如：himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己, 以及themselves他们/她们/它们自己。值得注意的是，凡是单数人称代词的反身代词在后加self, 而复数人称的反身代词在后加selves。myself yourself herself himself itself ourselves yourselves themselves （二）反身代词的用法： a、反身代词不能作主语，但是它可以作主语同位语，放在主语后或句末。如：我亲自去了电影院。误：Myself went to the cinema.正：I went to the cinema myself. b、反身代词可以作宾语的同位语。如：I wish I could hear Beethoven himself play this music. 我希望我能听贝多芬他亲自弹这首曲子。You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。 c、 反身代词可以作介词的宾语。如：Nobody, she learnt it all by herself. 没人，她自学的。I mended the bike by myself. 我独自修的自行车。She said to herself: ”whats wrong with my eyes?” 她自言自语地说，“我的眼睛怎么啦？”Dont always think of yourself. 别总是想着你自己。 d、反身代词作动词的宾语。一般放在像这样的动词的后面：enjoy, help, hurt, teach, wash, look after, get dressed, buy等。如：Did you enjoy yourselves at the weekend? 你们周末玩得开心吗？He teaches himself English at home. 他在家自学英语.“Help yourselves to some fish .children。” “孩子们，随便吃一些鱼。” He can buy himself a lot of nice things. 他可以给自己买好多好东西。 e、反身代词可以作表语。如：Im not quite myself today. 我今天情绪不好。He doesnt seem himself this morning. 今天上午他似乎不舒服。5It is difficult for us to find a person to be a joy fool or peaceful one. 我们很难发现这个人是一个快乐或是平静的人。Its + adj + for sb/ of sb. + to do sth. 对于某人来说做是It is +adj.(+of/for sb.)+to do sth.句型这是有关形容词的一个复合结构句型。意为“对某人来说做是”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。当该形容词(通常是necessary, important, difficult, hard, easy, impossible等)表示事物的特点或特征时，用for；当该形容词(通常是 kind, nice, good, bad, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等)表示人的特征或特点时，须用of。如：It is wise of him to make such a decision.他做出那样的决定是明智的。It is not hard for one to do a good deed.一个人做件好事并不难。6Im not telling you to spend too much energy making other happy. 我不是让你花太多的精力去取悦别人。（1）spend的用法spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型： （sb）spend some money/some time on sth. （sb）spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.例如： I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是： It takes/took sb.some time to do sthSth.takes sb.some time. 例如： It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。 pay为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb. pays some money for sth或pay sb.(some money for sth) 例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。 He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine? 他买药已付医生50英镑。 How much did you pay him? 你付他多少钱？ cost的主语必须是某物。spend on sth/in doing sth. 的主语必须是人。pay for 的主语也是人。It takes + sb. + 时间（或钱）to do sth. 的主语则必须是形式主语It。 动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost (sb.) some money。 如：The dictionary cost me 20.（2）too much的用法too many 太多，修饰可数名词too much 太多，修饰不可数名词much too 太多，修饰形容词I have too much homework to do now. 我现在有太多的家庭作业要做。He ate too much food everyday. so t he got much too fat. 他每天吃如此多的食物，因此他变的太胖了。There are too many students in our class. 在我班有如此多的学生。7As long as you try it, you will find some nice changes in yourself. 只要你努力去试，你就会发现自身会产生一些可喜的变化。as long as作为连词使用，表示“只要，如果”。例如：As long as it doesnt rain, we can play outside. 只要不下雨，我们就能到外边玩。You can go to play with your friends as long as you promise to be back at eleven oclock.如果你发誓11点前能回来，你就可以和朋友出去玩。8It may seem hard to do these things. 也许一开始做这些有点难。It+动词(look, seem, appear, happen.) +that从句. 意为“似乎/看起来/碰巧”。如：It looks that he has been there before.看起来他好像以前到过那儿。It seems to me that the maths problem is too easy for her.在我看来，这道数学题对她来说太简单。It happened that I met my old friend in the street yesterday.= I happened to meet my old friend in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到我的老朋友。9Lets say goodbye to our a audience. 让我们向观众说再见吧。say goodbye to 向说再见类似的用法：say sorry to向说对不起say hello to向说你好10But remember to be a good talker as well as a good listener.但打记住当一个好的说话者，同时也要当一个好的聆听者。remember的用法remember to do sth. 表示“记着去做什么事情”，而remember doing sth.表示“记得做过什么事情”。例如：I remember posting the letter. 我记得把信寄出去了。Remember to post the letter this afternoon. 下午记着把信寄出去。11Whats wrong with your hand? 你的手怎么了？此句可换为：Whats the matter with your hadn?Whats the problem?Whats up?12A geek is someone who just sits in front of the computer all the time. 网虫就是总坐在电脑前的人。in front of与in the front of的区别：in front of表示外部的前面，in the front of表示内部的前面。e.g.There are some trees in front of my house. 我家前面有许多树。There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 教室的前面有张桌子。13You will begin to see that most people are just like youthey have families, friends, troubles, likes and dislikes as well as fears.（1）as well (as sb./ sth.)表示“也，还，而且”。例如：Im going to Paris and my sisters going as well. 我要去巴黎，我妹妹也要去。She is kind as well as clever. 她不仅和善而且聪明。He grows flowers as well as vegetables in his garden. 他在花园里既种花，也种菜。（2）also、too、as well均指句中有关词语与前面提到的事物相结合或相一致，但这3个词的雅俗程度和在句中的位置有所不同。also比较庄重，too和well较为通俗。also通常用于主要动词之前（但若主要动词是be，则置于其后）。例如：She sings well and she can also dance. 她不但唱得好，也会跳舞。She is a mother for her child. She is also a mother for her students. 她是她孩子的妈妈，她也是学生的妈妈。too和as well通常用于句尾。例如：Ive read the book and Ive seen the film as well/too. 我看过了书，也看过了电影。四、语法：动词不定式动词不定式概念、形式及用作宾语：一、动词不定式概念：它是英语非限定动词中的一种，不需要和主语的人称和数一致，没有人称和数的变化，它具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，它可以有自己的宾语和状语，构成不定式短语。二、动词不定式形式：to+动词原形。有时可以不带to，这里的to只是动词不定式的标记或符号，本身没有词义。三、动词不定式用作宾语：a、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want, need, ask, learn, hope, wish, agree, choose, help, would like等。b、同时接不定式和动名词作宾语，而意思基本相同的动词有like, prefer, love, hate, begin, start等。c、接不定式和动名词作宾语，而意思不相同的动词有：try to do“尽力干某事”；try doing“试着干某事”；forget to do“忘了要干某事”；forget doing“忘了干过某事”；remember to do“记住要干某事”；remember doing“记得干了某事”；stop to do“停下来去干某事”；stop doing“停止干某事”。go on to do“干一件事后继续干另一件事”；go on doing“继续干同一件事”（注：其中stop, go on之后的不定式是目的状语）五、课文翻译主课文译文：微笑并说你好你注意到我们当中的许多人很少与陌生人有眼光交流了吗？是我们害怕他们吗？是什么阻止我们向陌生人敞开心扉？实际上，我自己也不知如何回答这些问题。但我的确知道，如果某人总是低（着）头走路或是扭头看别处，那么我们很难发现这个人是一个快乐或是平静的人。我并不是让你花太多的精力去取悦别人，或是假装友好。我认为：如果你希望和别人交朋友，你就不仅应该以友善和尊重对待他人，而且要有微笑和目光对视。当你对某人微笑时，你在尽自己最大的努力向他表示你的友善。你知道眼睛是心灵之窗吗？当你抬起头直视对方的眼睛时，你在说：你好！让我们交个朋友，好吗？也许一开始做这些有点难，但只要你努力去试，你就会发现自身会产生一些可喜的变化。你会开始看到很多人像你一样他们有家庭、有朋友、有烦恼、有喜欢的东西，也有不喜欢的东西，还会有恐惧。当你向他们伸出温暖之手，你会发现他们有多么的友好和怀有感激之情。你也许会有这样的感觉，当你第一次和别人见面时不知道该说些什么。很简单，说说天气、你的宠物、你学校的课程，特别是你的爱好。但要记住当一个好的说话者，同时也要当一个好的聆听者。祝你好运！也祝你和你的新朋友在一起开心！副课文译文：网络语言萨拉：你好！欢迎来到“脱口秀”。今天我们讨论网络语言。怀特先生：很好！我们先来说说“email”（电子邮件）。“E”是“electronic”的首字母，所以电子邮件被简称为“email”。萨拉：谢谢你，怀特先生。我听说你常去聊天室，是吗？怀特先生：我去聊天室聊天是为了去打字，而不是去真的聊天。你知道在聊天室我们可以键入一些精彩的首字母，就是用每个单词的第一个字母。比如：如果你想说中文“你好”，你就可以键入“N”代表“你”，“H”代表“好”，所以“NH”就是“你好”的意思。萨拉：现在让我们来学一些有趣的网络语言。例如：“LOL”的意思是：当你读一封能使你发笑的电子邮件时“大声地笑出来”。你键入“LOL”，告诉对方你在大笑。怀特先生：是啊，很有意思！如果有人说了些傻话，你可以问他们“你在开玩笑吗？”“你在和我开玩笑吗？”然后，他们会回答“HHOK”，意思是“哈哈，只是玩笑”或是“HHJK”，意思是“哈哈，就是玩笑”。萨拉：你们都知道“ASAP”是“尽快”，并且还有“BRB”，是“马上回来”的意思。怀特先生：因此当你在网上冲浪时，你听上去像一个真正的“网虫”。你知道“网虫”是什么意思吗？萨拉：网虫就是总坐在电脑前的人，因为他们从不出门，所以脸色很苍白。他们也许很瘦，因为他们总忘记吃饭。怀特先生：他们的确忘记吃饭，因为他们太喜欢电脑了，用电脑是他们唯一做的事。萨拉：是，太可怕了！我担心他们的身体。你怎么看待网络语言？怀特先生：很有意思，也很便捷，但恐怕对语言学习不利。萨拉：是的，我同意你的观点。怀特先生，谢谢你。让我们跟观众说再见吧。如果我说“ZJ”，你知道是什么意思吗？怀特先生：你也知道了？“Z”是“再”，“J”是“见”。同说：再见。六、练习、把下列句子变成反意疑问句1They arent workers, _?2There is a desk in the room, _?3His father is a teacher, _?4Mary and her parents will come to china, _?5My sister cant swim, _?6Li Hua lives in this house, _?7They played football last Saturday, _?8He has never been to America, _?9She knows little about chemistry, _?10There is nothing in the room, _?11Nobody came to see me, _?12Nothing can make him turn against his country, _?13Lets go home, _?14I dont believe she knows it, _?15He never sald he would come, _?16You have no classes on Sunday,