一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时讲解.doc

一般过去时态（1）基本用法1.一般过去时通常用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况。如：- Where were you last week?上周你在哪儿？- I was at my uncles home in the countryside.（上周）我在乡下的叔叔家。2.有些情况，发生时间没有明确标明，但实际上是过去发生的，应用过去时态；另外，在谈到已故去的人时，也多用过去时。如：He bought a cat, and now they are good friends.他买了一只猫，现在他们是好朋友了。Lu Xun was a great writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。（2）时间状语与一般过去时连用的时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）, last night（昨晚）, last week（上个星期）, four days ago（四天前）, in 2002（在2002年）, just now（刚才）, the day before yesterday（前天）等。如：He went to the park yesterday.她昨天去了花园。I was ten years old in 2001.我2001年才10岁。（3）动词的过去式在一般过去时态中会涉及到动词的过去式，大家要掌握规则动词的过去式的变化规则。其基本的变化规则如下：一般情况下，在动词原形后直接ed。如：play played , look looked。以e结尾的动词在其后加d。如：like liked, use used。与辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加ed。如：carry carried, marry - married。以重读闭音节（或r音节）结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加ed。如：stop stopped, prefer preferred。当然，刚才提到的都是规则动词的构成，我们还学过许多不规则动词的过去式形式。如：am was, are were, put put, see saw, eat ate等，这些可需要我们在课下牢牢记住哟！一般现在时态1、 定义与讲解一般现在时：表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实。二、一般现在时的用法表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态；表示客观事实或普遍真理；在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在时表示将来；在某些以here，there开头的句子中，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作三、时间状语：often 经常，usually通常，always 总是，every每个，sometimes 有时，at 在几点钟只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”，其他用动词的原形。动词三单变化规则：1.多数在动词后s play plays like likes（1）直接在动词词尾加-s.ask-asks work-works get-gets stay-stays（2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-doesgo-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/swim-swims；help-helps；like-likes以辅音字母+o结尾的词加 -es读/z/goes,does以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es读/iz/watches,washes以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再加es读/z/study-studies不规则变化have和be动词变have 为 has变be为am,is,arehave-has be-am,is,are2.不规则变化：be- is are have-has四、一般现在时的结构一般现在时的结构肯定式疑问式否定式否定疑问式I work.Do you work?I dont work.Dont you work?You work.Do you work?You dont work.Dont you work?We work.Do you work?We dont work.Dont you work?They work.Do they work?They dont work.Dont they work?He(She,It) works.Does he(she,it) work?He(She,It) doesnt work.Doesnt he(she it) work?现在进行时态一、概念、现在进行时表说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.二、 现在分词的构成：1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ingEg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,如: forget-forgetting, prefer-preferring,upset-upsetting试比较 benefit/benfiting, differ/differing,profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写5. 以 -ic 结尾的动词,应先把 -ic 变为 -ick,再加 -ing, eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住三、句型结构：1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am singing . They are writing .2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They arent writing .3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you arent .Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they arent .4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态四用法：1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情往往与 now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调We are waiting for you？ What are you doing? Some ones knocking at the door2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作。Hes talking to his friends in the classroom.可用 still 一词强调动作的持续性 Hes still talking to his friends in the classroom.3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行Mr. Black is writing another article. Dont take that book away. Your fathers using it. She is learning piano under Mr. Black.4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：Whats your brother doing these days? Hes studying English at Oxford University.5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等The leaves are turning brow. Its getting colder and colder.7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩You are always changing your mind.8. 现在进行时(以及 be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 Were spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行 程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思： Hes arriving tomorrow morning.9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：He is always singing at night,and we cant fall asleep late at night.1、 写出下列动词的过去式： 1.go_ 2. enjoy_ 3.teach_ 4.write_ 5. have_ 6.is(am)_ 7.are_ 8. want_ 9. talk_ 10.eat_ 11.carry_ 12. take_ 13. do_ 14. get_ 15. catch_ 二、用所给动词正确形式填空。 1. My mother _(buy) a lot of postcards yesterday. 2. The twins_(be) thirteen years old two years ago. 3. I _ (get) up at half past six this morning. 4. Jim _(help) an old man carry his bag just now. 5. There _(be) a King many years ago. 6. Did you _(have) a test yesterday? 7. I _(come) to school at seven yesterday. 8. Once he _(be) a shop assistant.9. The bat _(like) sleeping in the day and _ (fly) out for food at night. 10.-Where does Mr. Lin_(live)? -He _(live) in the USA. 11. Mother always _(do) some washing after meals. 12.The twins _ (wear) a pair of glasses every day. 13. A plane always _(fly) high in the sky. 14.Grandpa usually _(get) up early in the morning. 15. The two writers _(visit) each other once a year. 16.I _(play) football every day. 三、选择填空。 ( ) 1. My parents were having supper when I _ back home. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes ( ) 2. My sister _ the Youth League last year. A. join B. joins C. joined D. joining ( ) 3. Father _ his coat and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. putted on D. puted on ( ) 4. The teacher _ me a question just now. A. ask B. asked C. asking D. asks ( ) 5. This is my ninth birthday and I _ eight years old last year. A. was B. were C. is D. are ( ) 6. Did you _ a letter to me last month? A. write B. writes C. writing D. wrote ( ) 7. Mother _ a story about a hungry wolf yesterday. A. tell B. told C. tells D. telling ( ) 8