English Literature 1英国文学1ppt课件

EnglishLiterature PartOne EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiterature 1 TheOldEnglishPeriod OriginoftheEnglishNationTheRomanConquestTheEnglishConquestTheOldEnglishLanguageTheliteratureoftheOldEnglishPeriodBeowulf Next OriginoftheEnglishNation Manycenturiesago theCeltsweretakenastheearliestnatives whowerelateralsocalledtheBritons TheCeltisoneofanIndo EuropeanpeopleoriginallyofcentralEuropeandspreadingtowesternEurope theBritishIsles andsoutheasttoGalatiaduringpre Romantimes Theyactuallyknewnothingofawrittenlanguage Back TheRomanConquest TheRomanConqueststartedfrom55B C Notuntil78A D theRomansestablishedtheirrulingroleinBritain Atthesametime Romancivilizationwasbroughtin aknowledgeofiron abetterwayofcultivationandRomanlawwereintroduced highways towns temples theatresandfinebuildingswerebuilt TheRomanoccupationlastedforabout400years duringwhichtheRomans formilitarypurposes builtanetworkofhighways latercalledtheRoman Back Roads Alongtheseroadstherewerescoresoftowns London oneofthembecamethemostimportanttradingcenter ItwasalsoduringtheRomanrule ChristianitywasintroducedtoBritain In410A D whentheGermanicraceswereattackingRome alltheRomantroopswerewithdrawn TheEnglishConquest Atthesametime Britainwasinvadedbyswarmsofpirates TheywerethetribesfromNorthernEurope theAngles theSaxonsandtheJutes TheydrovetheBritonswestandnorth andsettleddownthemselves ThethreetribeshadmixedintoawholepeoplecalledEnglish andthethreedialectsspokenbythemgrewintoasinglelanguagecalledAnglo Saxon whichisnowcalledOldEnglish Back TheliteratureoftheOldEnglishPeriod TheepicsaretheearliestpiecesofliteraturesurvivingfromtheOldEnglishperiod Theyareusuallythecomposinginverseoftribalornationallegendsaboutagreathero alwaysafightingwarrior Beowulfisagoodexample Back Beowulf 1 AmanuscriptofBeowulf Beowulf 2 Beowulf anAnglo Saxonepicpoem themostimportantworkofOldEnglishliterature Thepoemconsistsof3182lines eachlinewithfouraccentsmarkedbyalliterationanddividedintotwoparts Thesomberstoryistoldinvigorous picturesquelanguage withheavyuseofmetaphor Thepoemtellsofahero aScandinavianprincenamedBeowulf whoridstheDanesofthemonsterGrendel halfmanandhalffiend andGrendel smother whocomesthateveningtoavengeGrendel sdeath FiftyyearslaterBeowulf nowkingofhisnativeland fightsadragonwhohasdevastatedhispeople BothBeowulfandthedragonaremortallywoundedinthefight ThepoemendswithBeowulf sfuneralashismournerschanthisepitaph Back Alliteration头韵 Therepetitionofthesameconsonantsoundsorofdifferentvowelsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllables asin roundtherocksrunstheriveronscrollsofsilversnowysentences Back TheLiteratureoftheMiddleEnglish TheNormanConquestanditsInfluenceRomanceWilliamLanglandTheEnglishBalladsChaucer End FeudalEngland TheDanishInvasion inabout787TheNormanConquestTheFrench speakingNormansheadedbyWilliam DukeofNormandy invadedEnglandin1066 ThebattlebetweenthetwoarmiesbrokeoutnearHastingsinSouthernEnglandandendedinthefailureoftheEnglish TheNormanconquesthadgreatinfluenceuponEnglandinmanyfields ItmarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland TheNormansalsobroughttoEnglandthewealthofanewlanguageandliterature whichtheEnglishgraduallyabsorbedandsocamethemiddleEnglish Back SocialFeatureoftheFeudalEngland JohnBall Therisingof1381WhenAdamdelvedandEvespanWhowasthenthegentleman Romance Romance alongnarrativeinproseorversethattellsoftheadventuresandheroicexploitsofchivalricheroes isthemostprevailingkindofliteratureinfeudalEngland ManyromancesareassociatedwiththeromanticfigureofKingArthur amongwhichthebestoneisSirGawainandtheGreenKnight Back SirGawainandtheGreenKnight WilliamLangland WilliamLangland 1330 1400 wrotePiersPlowman animportantliteraryworkinMiddleEnglish Itisanalliterativepoemcomposedofaseriesofdreams inwhichthe personagesthatemergearemostpersonificationsofabstractconceptionssuchasTruth False Reason andConscience Allegoricalandsymbolic poemisabitterandincisesatiredirectedatthesocialvicesofLangland stime Besides itreflectsthelivesofthelowerclassesvividlyandamulticolouredpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofthetime Back TheEnglishBallads Aballadisanarrativepoem oftenoffolkoriginandintendedtobesung consistingofsimplestanzasandusuallyhavingarecurrentrefrain Theballad unlikewrittenliteratureinfeudalEnglandwhichwasintendedonlyfortheupperclasses isaliteratureoftheEnglishpeople ThemostimportantballadsarethoseofRobinHood alegendarypopularhero Heisdepictedintheballadsasavaliantoutlaw famousinarcherylivingunderthegreenwoodtreewithhismerrymen takingfromtherichandgivingtothepoor wagingwaragainstbishopsandarchbishops andconstantlyhuntedbythesheriffs whomheconstantlyoutwits Back RobinhoodBallads GeoffreyChaucer 1 GeoffreyChaucer 1343 1400 thegreatestMiddleEnglishwriter andfounderoftheEnglishrealisticliterature wasborninLondonabout1340anddiedin1400 HewasburiedinWestminsterAbbey thusfoundingthe Poets Corner GeoffreyChaucer 2 Chaucer sworksfallintothreemaingroupscorrespondingroughlytothethreeperiodsofhisadultlife 1 TheperiodofFrenchinfluence whichsawhimtranslatingworkfromFrench e g TheRomauntoftheRose 2 TheperiodofItalianinfluence especiallyofDanteandBoccaccio duringwhichhebegantousetheheroiccouplet TroilusandCriseyde 3 Theperiodofhismaturity inwhichheusedtheheroiccoupletandwhichsawhisfullattainmentinTheCaterburyTales TheCanterburyTales 1 TheCanterburyTales isChaucer sgreatestworkandonemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature Itiswrittenforthegreatpartinheroiccouplets about17 000lines Thewholepoemisaseriesofstoriesarrangedona framework asthePrologueprovides ComingtogetherattheTabardInn apartyof31pilgrimspreparetogototheshineofBecketatCanterbury Asaprogramofentertainmentfortheirjourney itisproposedthateachpilgrimistotelltwostoriesgoingandtwomorereturning Butonly24exists TheCanterburyTales 2 Thesetwenty fourstoriescovervirtuallyeverytypeofmedievalliterature courtlyromance folktale beastfable storyoftravelandadventure saint slife allegoricaltale sermon alchemicalaccount etc whicharesufficienttogiveapictureofEnglishsocietyinthe14thcentury Generallyspeaking theProloguean