人教版高一(下)英语期末复习.doc

高一(下)英语期末重难点复习纲要Unit 13一.单词: junk food, stomach, fever, examine(指检查身体,作业等), nutrient/nutrition/nutritious, muscle, product, mineral, function, balance, digest, gain, brain二.语法重点:1. 意思为 “许多”的词组(分情况:修饰可数或不可数名词,注意plenty of)2. energy, force, power, strength的区别3. keep up with 跟上,赶上,了解.的最新信息 catch up with4. (not) a bit与(not) a little的区别5. to choose(+要选择的那个对象) 与to choose from(+可供选择的范围)的区别6. diet与food 的区别7. 至今学过的四种倒装句: (1)介词短语在句首,句子全倒装 On the hill stand two men. (2)副词(here, there, then等)在句首且句子的主语是名词时,半倒装.(主语是代词,不倒装.) There comes a car. There he comes. (3)only+介词短语在句首,半倒装. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. (4)否定词(如not only(半倒装),but also;hardly等)在句首,半倒装. Not only did he pass the exam, but also others got high marks.8. 情态动词 (1)had better+(not) v原形 肯定句: You had better go now. 否定句: You had better not go now. 疑问句: Had I better go now? You had better go now, hadnt you? (2)should与ought to用于指 “应该”时,意义上没有很大的差别. 但should可用于指有一定客观根据的推测. ought to否定:ought not to或oughtnt to should have done:本该做某事(而没做)9. Most fruits are naturally sweet and we can eat them just the way they are-all we have to do is clean or peel them. 此句中the way指水果原本存在的方式, 其后的定语从句可用关系词that或in which或省略关系词. is前面的主语部分包含to do, 所以is后的表语部分的动词to clean or peel省略to.Unit 14一.单词: theme, symbol, conflict, argument, destruction, (in ones) opinion, major, honor, ancestor, principle, nation, purpose, self-determination, unity, creativity, faith, commercial, joy, light(两个过去分词的用法), similar (to), generation, celebration, reminder, respect, gift, invitation二.语法重点: 1. “穿” put on 动作 wear/be wearing 状态 be in+颜色 have sth on 状态 dress vt. dress oneself in. vi. dress in dress up 盛装,打扮,装饰 vt. dress oneself up in vi. dress up in 2. take in 欺骗,摄取,吸收 take over 接管,接手,接任 take up 开始从事,占据 take off 脱下,起飞,成功 take on 呈现3. as well as既又, 也, 又, 都: 可用于连接前后两个相同的结构 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数跟前面的主语4. 尽力做某事: do all/everything (that) one can to do sth. do what one can to do sth do as much as one can to do sth do/try ones best to do sth5. 诸如each time, every time, the moment, the first time, the last time等名词短语可用作连词来引导一个时间状语从句. Each time I go home, I can see her sitting there.6. 情态动词 (1)have to=have got to 表客观情况迫使某人不得不做某事 (2)must: 必须. 指主观上觉得必须做某事 此外,must还可以用于肯定句中表示推测 当对现在事实的推测,用must + v原形 当对过去事实的推测,用must + have done7. 包含: contain表示包含全部, include表示包含部分 including 与included的用法区别(请用其与前面的名词的主动或被动关系辨析)Unit 15一.单词 mystery/mysterious, scary, dormitory, recognize(或ise), diamond, explain, jewellery U, continue, precious, attend, earn, lecture, quality二.语法 1. recognise与know, know of, know about的区别 2. explain sth to sb/explain to sb sth (注意:to sb 中的to不能掉了) 3. call on 访问,号召,邀请;拜访+某人 bring back拿回来, 使恢复 call at 拜访+某地 bring out 拿出来,出版 call for 需要,要求,提倡 bring up 培养,教育 call in 打电话进来, 打电话叫(某人)来 bring in 引进,带近来 call (sb) up 打电话给某人=ring up bring about 引起,带来,使发生 4. “参加”: bring down 打倒,击落,降低 take part in +活动,比赛,游戏等 join in+活动,比赛,游戏等 注意:join sb in (doing) sth join +社团,团体,组织,政党等 attend +婚礼,会议等较正式的场合 5. 除了之外: except: 从整体中排除一个不符合的因素 except for 后面加不完美的因素 except that +从句 besides 除了之外(还有) but 从整体中排除一个不相符的因素,意义与except基本相同,但当其前面有nothing, nothing, nobody, no等否定词时,只能用but 6. think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词的否定前移 I dont think he is handsome, is he? She doesnt think he is handsome, does she? 7. 过去式的应用: -Hi, Mary! -Im sorry, but I dont think I know you. -I am Mathilde. -Oh yes. Sorry, I didnt recognize you. (说此句时, “不认识”的动作已经过去) 8. marry 直接+sb/sth; sb be/get married to sb (这两个不能与一段时间连用) have been married for +一段时间 9. 情态动词: (表推测) (1)表示有把握的推测: 在肯定句中用must 对现在: must +动词原形 对过去: must have done在否定句中用cant/couldnt 对现在: cant + 动词原形 对过去: cant + have done 注意: can have done 还可以表示: 本能做, 本可以做(而没做)(2)表示有一些把握用can (在肯定句中), 意思是 “可能会,有时会” Attending a ball can be exciting.should “应该会”, 表示有一定客观根据的推测 Your film should be developed before tomorrow afternoon. (3)表示没有把握的推测: maymight 对现在: may/might + v原形 对过去: may/might + have done 10. so 与 such的用法与区别 用于修饰单数名词时: so + adj. + a/an +n.单 such + a/an + adj. + n.单 用于修饰复数n.或不可数n.时,通常都用such: such + adj. + n. (pl.)/U 注意:但当用语修饰n. (pl.)/U的adj.意思是 “多,少”时就要用so: so many students so little water 注意: such little children so little water 11. “也”: so 与 neither/nor的用法 (1)so用于与肯定句对应,表示 “也”具有相同的情况: so +情态v./助v./be+主语 -Tom likes basketball. - So does John. 注意: so + 主语+情态v./助v./be 表示某人 “确实如此” -Tom likes basketball. - So he does. (2)neither 与nor用于与否定句对应,表示 “也不”: +情态v./助v./be+主语 -Tom wont go. -Nor/Neither will I. (3)当用于if引导的条件从句时,根据主将重现的原则,主句要用将来时 If Tom doesnt go, nor will I. If he goes, so will I. (4)当前句中的谓语部分同时包含情态动词与助动词或be动词,或者当前句中同时包含肯定和否定的情况, 用so it is/was with sb. -Tom likes English and is good at it. -So it is with Mary. -Mike likes sports, but he doesnt like football. -So it is with John.Unit 16一.单词 experiment, liquid, advantage/disadvantage, application, economy, comfort, unnecessary, successful/success/succeed, conduct, charge, electric/electrical, prove, tear, control, fasten, sense, test, doubt, view, conclusion二. 语法重点1. a number of +n.(pl.) +谓语v.(复数) 许多. the number of + n.(pl.) +谓语v.(单数) .的数目2. be in the charge(或control) of sb./be in ones charge(或control) 由某人负责或控制 be in charge of . 负责., 管理.3. doubt的用法4. 感官动词see, hear+ sb./sth. + do 已经做了doing 正在做done 被做5. 使役动词: let sb. do sth make sb./sth. + adj./do/done have sb./sth. +do/doing/done6. some really bad weather weather 是n.U such bad weather7. 祈使句, and(那么) +句子 Study hard, and you will get hign marks. 祈使句, or (否则) +句子 Study hard, or you will fail in the exam.Unit 17一.单词 inspire, admire, generous, cheerful, mean, tense, dishonest, champion, stormy, threaten, optimistic, regret, extremely, climate, value, bother, fame, promise, kindergarten, hardship, bear, scholarship, graduation/graduate (vi)二. 语法重点1. (just) around the corner 即将来临;在拐角处;在附近2. die down 变弱;平息;消失 die of/by/from/in/for 死于. (区别)3. regret to do sth. 为即将要做某事而感到抱歉/遗憾 regret doing sth. 为已经做过某事而感到后悔/遗憾4. come to terms with . 甘心忍受(不愉快的处境)5. be famous/known to(对于)sb. for(因为)sth. as(作为)+身份/职业6. It is/was said/reported that+从句 据说/报导. sb. is/was said to have done sth. 据说某人做了某事 (to have done 表示过去的动作)7. become of 变成.样了;遭遇. What has become of her?8. the first one(或其他单数n.) to do sth. the first +n. (pl.) 头几个,第一批.9. put up 支起,搭起,张贴(海报,布告等),接待,为.提供食宿 put on 穿上 put away 收拾好.10. find + (that) 从句 sb./sth. +n./adj./adv./doing/do/done11. 主谓一致原则:请参阅课本pp155-15612. the rest of + n.(pl) +v.(复数)n.(单数)或U +v.(单数)13. on the radio=by radioUnit 18一.单词central, surround, mild, harbour, surface, settle, mainly, voyage, possesion, paragraph, heading, location, mountainous, secretary, percent, wedding, conference, relation, agricultural, export, cottage, ethnic二. 语法重点1. make up 组成,构成 be made up of 由.构成 make of (看得到材料) make from (看不到材料)2. turn to (to是介词) +n./代词/doing 开始干;求助于;转向 turn up 调高;出现 turn down 调低;使沮丧;使扫兴 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn around 转一圈 turn back 向后转 turn over 翻过来 turn out +(to be) n./adj. 结果是.;显得.3. 位于,坐落于 lie in 在范围内 lie on 相接壤 lie to 在范围外,不相接壤 in/on/to the north/south/east/west of. (使用不同介词的方位区别同上)the northen/southern/eastern/western part of. east/north/south/west of. = to the east/north/south/west of. be/lie on the coast of. 在/位于.的海岸上 off the coast of. 在/位于.海岸外的海面上4. by+一个过去时间,句子用过去完成时,即had done by+一个将来时间,句子用将来完成时,即will have done5. 定语从句 (要注意那种先行词与关系词不相邻的情况,以及which指代整个主句的情况等.)6. it作为形式主语: It is n./adj. (for sb.) to do sth. that 主语从句 it 作为形式宾语: find/think+ it + adj/n. for sb. to do sth7. population的用法请参阅课本1的笔记Unit 19一.单词produce / product / production / productive, protection / protect.from / against., technique/technology/technical, fertilisation/fertiliser/fertilise, irrigation, modernise, pump, import, delegation, depend on/It depends, method, discovery, gardening, wisdom, practical, guide, condition, remove, proverb, modify/modification二.语法重点1. do you think作为插入语2. as far as 和.一样远, 远至;直到;就.而言3. over time 随着时间的推移 some time 一段时间 at a time 每次地,一次地 sometime 某时 at times 不时地 sometimes 有时 in time 及时;总有一天 some times 几次 on time 按时 from time to time不时地4. in the 1940s/in the 1940s 在20世纪40年代 in ones fourties 在某人四十几岁的时候5. 无论. (选择题中同时出现以下两个选项时选后者) no matter+疑问词what, how, where, when等 +状语从句 疑问词whatever, however, wherever, whenever等+状语从句或名词性从句6. in a word, 总之,总而言之 in other words, 换句话说 still, 尽管如此;仍然;还是 ,though (可做adv., 放在句末一个逗号后)不过,可是,然而 that is/that is to say, 也就是说 (以上各项,请注意逗号)7. 强调句式: It is/was +主语/宾语/表语(n./代)/状语 + that. (用that最保险)who/whom.(当所强调的是人时) 注意: (1)强调句式是一个固定句式,所以is/was不可随着所强调的内容的单复数而变化 (2)若所强调的是主语,that后的句子中的谓语的数跟前面强调的主语的数一致 (3)请千万对句子仔细分析,与定语从句区分清楚Unit 20一. 单词humour/humourous, minister, comedian, German/Germany, circus, intend/intention, bitter, couple, stage, nationality, amuse, laughter, accent, actually, typical, tradition, rapid, applaud, appreciate, fluent, exist, suffer, operate, direction, fortuanately, silence, confuse/confused二. 语法重点1. make good/full/little use of sth. 及其被动2. date back to =date from 一般用语一般现在时 be on good terms with sb. (与某人)关系好3. 把.看作. look on/re