2009-2013年全国各地高考阅读表达及答案.doc

2009 2013年各地阅读表达 一 2009 天津卷 Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart 购物手推车 They will in a lifetime push the chrome plated contraptions many miles But few will know or even think to ask who it was that invented them Sylvan N Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937 At that time he was in the supermarket business Every day he would see shoppers lugging 吃力地携带 groceries around in baskets they had to carry One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers and would help to attract more business On June 4 1937 Goldman s first carts were ready for use in his market He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving He couldn t wait to see them using his invention But Goldman was disappointed Most shoppers gave the carts a long look but hardly anybody would give them a try After a while Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren t using his carts Don t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket one shopper replied But Goldman wasn t beaten yet He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try To this end Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping Seeing this the real customers gradually began copying the phony 假冒的 customers As Goldman had hoped the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market But not only did more people come those who came bought more With larger easier to handle baskets customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before Today s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman s original model Perhaps that s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 before the coming of the shopping cart 56 The underlined words chrome plate contraptions in Paragraph 1 refer to No more than 3 words 57 What was the purpose of Goldman s invention No more than 10 words 58 Why was Goldman disappointed at first No more than 10 words 59 Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market No more than 10 words 60 What do you think of Goldman Please give your reasons No more than 20 words 56 The underlined words chrome plate contraptions in Paragraph 1 refer to No more than 3 words 答案 shopping carts 解析 词义猜测题 由上句 a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart 购物手推车 可以得出谈的是 购物手推车 57 What was the purpose of Goldman s invention No more than 10 words 答案 It was to make shopping easier and attract more business 解析 细节理解表达 由二段的Every day he would see shoppers lugging 吃力地携带 groceries和第三段可知他做购物手推车的目的 58 Why was Goldman disappointed at first No more than 10 words 答案 Because few customers used his carts 解析 细节理解表达 由第五段可知 59 Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market No more than 10 words 答案 Because he wanted to promote his shopping carts 解析 细节推理表达题 由第七段关键词 persuade people to give them a try 可知 60 What do you think of Goldman Please give your reasons No more than 20 words 答案 He was a smart businessman He invented the shopping cart and made it accepted by customers Or He was smart but he shouldn t have used tricks to attract customers 解析 主旨大意表达题 通读全文把握大意 本文主要介绍Goldman和他的购物手推车 二 2009 山东卷 1 Hello It s one of the first words we learn as babies yet it s one of the last ones we think to use as adults That s unfortunate because saying hello is more than just saying hello it is recognition of another s worth How might the world change how might we change if we mastered this word To find out I spent one month saying hello to every person I met Here s what I ve learned 2 It can boost 促进 productivity In one of the few studies ever done on this subject Allan Allday an assistant professor of special education at Oklahoma State University had middle school teachers greet their students individually each morning This exchange of greetings raised the kids productivity School went from impersonal to personal and that resulted in more class participation and better grades 3 Environments influence friendliness One study found that people in the city were kiss likely to one hands with a stranger than those in the countryside And researchers say pleasure environments generally encourage more smiles and hellos than unpleasant ones My experience was similarly Whatever the reason my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural one Similarly people in vacation spots like the Jersey Shore were far friendlier than those hurrying work downtown 4 It s a form of universal health insurance It s impossible to say hello without smiling And smiling has been shown to lower blood pressure relieve stress and boost happiness Apparently a smile creates a similar effect in the recipient 接受者 5 So maybe we can make the world a better place by After a month of doing it I feel lighter and more connected and I have a better sense of well being 76 What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1 within 8 words 77 Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests 78 Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words within 5 words 79 List three effects of smiling on health according to the text within 8 words Ks5u 80 Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 Chinese 76 答案 Adults are not willing to say hello 解析 由Hello It s one of the first words we learn as babies yet it s one of the last ones we think to use as adults 可知 77 答案 School went from impersonal to personal and that resulted in more class participation and better grades 解析 由所给句子关键词friendlier scored higher可知第二段的最后一句合适 78 答案 saying hello to each other greeting each other saying hello 解析 由整体文意和五段上下文可知 79 答案 lowering blood pressure relieving stress boosting happiness 解析 从文中2 3 4可知 80 答案 不管出于什么原因 我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多 三 2009 湖南卷 A long time ago Milton S Hershey the creator of the popular chocolate bars was dipped in warm chocolate I know all about it My grandfather was there At nineteen Hershey established a candy business in Philadelphia Although it failed he tried again in several other cities and succeeded with Crystal A Caramels But Hershey was not content He began experimenting with chocolate and managed to sell his first chocolate bars in 1900 They were an instant success In 1903 Hershey built a factory Hershey was usually pleasant and kind and enjoyed a good joke However in his chocolate factory he held high standards for all the workers He was both respected and feared His anger would burst out when things didn t go as he d expected and workers were fired for mistakes My grandfather began working in the factory as a young man His job was to push the vats 大桶 of warm chocolate to a storage area To do this he had to push the heavy vats up a ramp 斜坡 and across the walkway One day Hershey was walking backward on the walkway while my grandfather was pushing a vat of chocolate up the ramp Bump Clunk Ker plop Hershey fell backward into the vat Everyone else held their breath and ran up to pull him out Grandfather froze in fear Was he going to lose his job Hershey stood stiffly with his hands on his hips Color rose in his face He said something in a low voice Then he smiled It s not your fault son he said I need to watch where I m going He put some chocolate in his mouth Mmm that s good he said Everyone laughed The tour continued with Hershey dripping chocolate as he went And Grandfather kept his job 73 What did Grandfather do in Hershey s factory 回答词数不超过12个 74 Why didn t Hershey fire Grandfather 回答词数不超过10个 75 What does the incident show us about Hershey 回答词数不超过15个 73 He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area 答案 He pushed the vats of warm chocolate to a storage area 解析 由第四段第一题行可知 74 Because he realized it was his own fault Because he realized it was not Grandfather s fault mistake 答案 Because he realized it was his own fault Because he realized it was not Grandfather s fault mistake 解析 由第五段的第二行可知 75 It shows us that Hershey was pleasant humorous kind to others and really respectable 答案 It shows us that Hershey was pleasant humorous kind to others and really respectable 解析 由第五段可知 四 2010天津 When Dan Shaw gets up from the sofa in his home Cuddles is never far away When he wants to go outside he doesn t take Cuddles out for a walk Cuddles takes him for a walk Cuddles is clearly no ordinary family pet It is a two foot high miniature horse and serves as the guiding eyes of Shaw who is blind When Shaw lost his sight his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog Shaw an anima lover said he couldn t hear to part with a dog which usually lives about eight to ten years and get used to a new one perhaps several times in his life Then Shaw heard of a program about the tiny guide horses He learned that the horse possess many qualities that make them an excellent choice for guiding people They are clean friendly smart and have great memories They can be trained to remain calm in noisy and crowded places Best of all they live for25 35 years which would enable Shaw to have the same guide companion for most or all of his life Shaw immediately applied to be and was accepted as the first person to receive a guide horse The instant he met Cuddles he knew he was making the right choice Then he began his training Through training Shaw and Cuddles learned to find their way on busy streets step over curbs 便道沿儿 and find elevator buttons Cuddles even demonstrated 显示 its ability to step in front of Shaw and block him to prevent him from walking into a dangerous situation The little horse also expertly led Shaw through busy shopping malls They got along without any difficulties Now Shaw is confident that Cuddles will change his life for the better 56 What s the meaning of the underlined word miniature in Paragraph 1 No more than 2 words 57 Why didn t Shaw want to choose a dog as his guide No more than 15 words 58 What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us No more than 10 words 59 How does Shaw feel about his future life with the help of Cuddles No more than 10 words 60 In your opinion what is the ideal relationship between man and animals No more than 20 words 答案解析 56 第三段第一个字TINY 从构词法也可判断 Tiny Little small Very small 57 第二段第二句话可知 A dog s life is short and Shaw could not bear to part with it 58 第三段第二句话可知 The Tiny horses possess have many good qualities to guide people On the Tiny horses possess have many qualities to be ideal guides 59 文章最后一句话可知He feels that his future life will he better easier 60 属于概括题 导盲马和主人之间属于互相帮助的关系 They should be good friends and help each other Or They should get along as friends and take care of each other 五 2010山东卷 1 One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago focusing mainly on how it affects children Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together benefit in many ways 2 Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition For many families eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction and helps to raise healthier children It is also a great time to share the events of the day discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other s company 3 During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children s school performance daily activities and attitudes toward life When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol tobacco and illegal drugs 4 However family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing if there is too much arguing going on if there is no meaningful conversation or what is even worse if there is just plain silence during gathering 76 What is the main idea of the text no more than 8 words 77 Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one By having dinner together family members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them 78 Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words no more than 8 words 79 What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner no more than 12 words 80 Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese 答案 76 Families benefit from eating together Having dinner together is beneficial to families 77 Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships 78 No family dinner can benefit Family dinner may not benefit 79 their children s school performance daily activities and attitudes toward life 80 父母也有更好的机会来减少孩子沾染烟 酒和毒品的可能性 父母也更有可能降低子女染上吸烟 酗酒 吸毒等不良习惯的几率 六 2010湖南Secret Santas On Christmas morning Linda wakes up and tries to imagine the wide eyed surprise of children in another household as they unwrap the presents she carefully chose for them Linda has never met the children but that s all part of the joy of giving as secret Santas she says It s an amazing feeling to buy gifts on an anonymous 匿名的 basis says Linda It brings a whole new meaning to the holidays Linda and Tony are an American couple living in Toronto Canada and Linda did charitable work as a member of the American Women s Club of Toronto As the name suggests members are U S citizens living in Toronto who join together for fellowship and community service To find her adopted family Linda goes to the local schools and requests a wish list for a family that s struggling to survive Last year she helped a single mother with three children The mother works as a cleaning lady in a nursing home The list is always heartbreaking They have an opportunity to ask for anything and do just the opposite asking for basic clothes or simple toys she says We always buy the kids a new winter coat hats and gloves She also buys gifts for the parents Last year Linda asked the mother for a second wish list one that didn t include the basics Every child should have a Christmas that sticks with them for a lifetime She purchased iPods for the two older children and a video game system for the youngest I have learned a very valuable lesson in all of this says Linda Pay attention to what s going on in your own backyard no matter where you live The joy of giving as secret Santas is much sweeter when the gift is anonymous 81 What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have No more than 5 words 82 Why did Linda join the American Women s Club of Toronto No more than 10 words 83 Why did Linda ask for a second wish list No more than 15 words 84 What kind of people does secret Santas in the passage refer to No more than 12 words 答案 81 They will feel greatly surprised 82 She joined it for fellowship and community service 83 She wanted to give the children some other gifts rather than the basics 84 It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas 七 2011天津 In college Spring Break 春假 is usually associated with the beach parties and sleepless nights bringing about relaxation free time and friends Students who wish to spend their break doing something productive and rewarding however may choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program It places college students in communities both at home and abroad The Program allows students to take part in various projects dealing with issues such as literacy 识字 homelessness and the environment It includes helping kids with their lessons raising money for families in need and collecting data for environmental research The hope is that by getting themselves involved in different environments students will have the opportunity to learn about members of communities and broaden their view In turn they will incorporate 融合 their experiences and lessons learned into their own communities In a word the Program aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society In the spring of 2006 about 36 000 students in the USA participated in the Alternative Break Program Samantha Giacobozzi now director of the Program has been on five alternative break trips herself including trips to New Orleans India and Dominican Republic I was a student who went on alternative break trips and had my life totally transformed by that experience she said Every year we meet many students who have attended the Program You can see changes in their life that are connected with their alternative break experiences The Program began in 1991 Today it has become increasingly popular with college students in the United States 56 Who mat choose to participate in the Alternative Break Program No mare than 10 words 57 is the aim of the Program NO more than 15 words 58 What is the meaning of the underlined word transformed in Paragraph 5 1 word 59 What is Samantha s attitude toward the Program No more than 10 words 60 If you take part in the Program which project are you interested in And why No more than 25 words 八 2011山东 1 Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends Do you frequently ignore work study and other activities to check your phone for messages Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone 9 Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much 2 If then it is very possible that you are a textah