高中英语 语法 名词性从句语法教案 新人教版必修3.doc

Unit3 The Million Pound Bank NoteI. Grammar 宾 语 从 句 和表语从句 1. I know him . 主语 谓语 宾语（简单句） 2. I know who he is . （复合句） 所以， 宾语从句的概念：宾语从句就是在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句II(1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词（引导词）由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语 或非正式文体中常省略 。EG：1. Im sorry （that） I didnt know you want to join the Party. 2. I afraid(that)I cant accept your invitation. 3. Lily says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.（要在课件中加上课文的三句原话！）(2)当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，连词由whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略。EG：1. I want to know if/whether he has passed the exam. 2. She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books . 3. Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .但在下面几种情况下whether和if不能互换：whether 后面有or not出现时。例如：I dont know whether or not she can arrive on time.我不知道她是否会准时到达。宾语从句放在句首时，whether 不可由if来替换。例如：Whether he will succeed, we cant say. 他是否能成功，我们说不准。还有，引导主语，表语，同位语从句时候；引导从句作介词宾语的时候；后接动词不定式时候；作discuss等词的宾语。(3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具 有一定的意义，所以不可以省略.EG：1. The teacher asked the new student which class he was in.（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”。） 2. Do you know what he said just now ?（what修饰said，相当于”the things that”做宾语。）3. I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为“哪里；什么地方”。）所以，可以看出：当引导词是that的时候，宾语从句的类型为陈述句，that可以省略；当引导词为if/whether的时候，宾语从句的类型为一般疑问句，if/whether不能省略；当引导词为特殊疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或者（when, where, how, why）的时候，宾语从句的类型为特殊疑问句。III时态问题：1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）相应任何时态。 I know he lives here .I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow。2. 如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）。I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it . I thought I had sent the letter a week before.3. 当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。 The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，月球绕着地球转。4.语序 :宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分。这里要特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，而不是疑问句的倒装语序。 I dont know what he wants to buy . r I dont know what does he want to buy . Can you tell me who we are going to meet ?r Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?练习： 单项选择 1.I dont know_ we can live on the island without any food.A. where B what C how D that2.Could you tell me _?A Where is the part ? B Whos on duty ?C Whose book is this ? D What are they doing ?3 The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D moving4.Could you tell me _?A if he would come tomorrowB will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrowD If he comes tomorrow5. I didnt know that Mr. Smith _yet.A. Has returned B has returned C had returned D returned 答案：C B B C C填空：1 . -Can you tell me _ the man is ? - He is my brother. 2. I didnt know _ he was coming until yesterday. 3. The doctor asks _ medicine you have taken.4. Id like to know _he can help me or not.答案： 1. who 2. when 3. what 4. Whether表语从句：用做表语的从句叫表语从句，它的位置 一般放在系动词be 后面。（1） 它的连接词主要有 四大类：A 从属连词一般有that 和whether：但是，that 引导的表语从句, 本身无意义, 但不能省略.；而whether 引导的表语不能在表语从句中用 if 替代.1. The mothers question was that she has no time to look after her daughter. （that）在句子中无意义，但是不能省略。2.The question is whether that boy will turn up in time. （whether）表示“是否“，但是不能用 if 替代。B连接代词一般有：who 和what ，在表语从句中可充当主语, 宾语,有自己的词义.1. Tom is no longer what he used to be .（ what：在这里表示。的样子）2. The problem is who we can get to answer this question。问题是我们找谁能解决这个问题。C 连接副词哟本有：where ,when, why, how 在表语从句中可充当地点, 时间, 原因,方式状语.1.That is where I cant agree with you.2.The next morning Id just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.3. Thats why weve given you the letter.4. The question is how the thief got into the house.（2） 特殊情况:A because 引导的表语从句的结构.Thats beca