文化差异与跨文化交际

Lesson10 TheGreenBanana CulturalGapandInter culturalCommunication文化差异与跨文化交际 EthnocentrismCulturalChauvinismRelativismRacism Lesson10 TheGreenBanana II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Ethnic referstoculturalheritage and centrism referstothecentralstartingpointorthetendencyofpeopletoputtheirowngroupatthecenter Thus ethnocentrism basicallyreferstojudgingothergroupsfromone sownculturalpointofview ormisinterpretingotherculturesbecauseoneusestheconceptsofhisownculture Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Ethnocentrism 种族优越论 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Ethnocentrismcanleadtomakingfalseassumptionsaboutothers waysbasedonone sownlimitedexperience Thekeywordisassumptions becausewearenotevenawarethatwearebeingethnocentric Thatispeopledon tunderstandthattheydon tunderstand Forexample AmericanpeopleoftentalkaboutBritishdriversdriving onthewrongside oftheroad Theydon tjustsay oppositeside oreven lefthandside Everybodycanbeethnocentric asallofusaroundtheworldassumethingsaboutotherpeople sways Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Ethnocentrism 种族优越论 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Ethnocentrismmaymanifestitselfinattitudesofsuperiorityorsometimeshostility Violence discrimination proselytizing andverbalaggressivenessareothermeanswherebyethnocentrismmaybeexpressed Whyarepeopleethnocentric Itisnormaltoassumethingsonthebasisofone sownexperience althoughitissometimeswrong People sperceptionsofcolors timeframes valuesonindustriousness socialroles andbeliefsaboutLifeandtheUniverseprovideimportantmeaningsindailylife Therefore people slimitedexperiencestheyhavealreadyhadarethebasisforinterpretingnewexperiences andinthecaseofothers behaviors Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Ethnocentrism 种族优越论 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Whatistheproblemwithethnocentrism Ethnocentrismleadspeopletomakefalseassumptionsaboutotherpeoples Peopleareethnocentricwhentheyusetheirculturalnormsasauniversalyardsticktomakegeneralizationsaboutotherpeoples culturesandcustoms Peopleofoneculturemayfalselydistortwhatismeaningfulandfunctionaltootherpeoplesthroughhisowntintedglasses Atthebest peoplesimplycontinueinhisunawareness Youmaybewellmeaningininterethnicrelations butcanunintentionallyoffendothers generateillfeelings andevensetupsituationsthatharmothers Ethnocentrismisevidentininternationalrelations creatingconflictsandinhibitingresolutionofconflicts Thereareextremeformsofethnocentrismthatposeserioussocialproblems suchasracism chauvinism andethniccleansing Theseviewsaregenerallycondemnedbytheworldcommunity butregularcasescanbeseeninthenews Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Ethnocentrism 种族优越论 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Whatcanwedoaboutethnocentrism Addressingethnocentrismisnotamatterofjusttryingnottobeethnocentric Sincepeoplewillneverexperienceeverylifesituationofeveryonearoundtheworld assumptionsaboutlifearebasedonexistinglimitedexperience Amoreeffectivewayistocatchyourselfwhenyouarebeingethnocentricandseektodevelopbetterunderstandings Oncewerealizethatwearenotunderstanding wearenowinabetterpositiontoseekmorevalidandbalancedunderstandings Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Ethnocentrism 种族优越论 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms ChauvinismisawordderivedfromthenameofNicolasChauvin asoldieroftheFirstFrenchEmpire UsedfirstforapassionateadmirationofNapoleon itnowexpressesexaggeratedandaggressivenationalism Asasocialphenomenon chauvinismisessentiallymodern becomingmarkedintheeraofacutenationalrivalriesandimperialismbeginninginthe19thcentury Chauvinismexaltsconsciousnessofnationality spreadshatredofminoritiesandothernations andisassociatedwithmilitarism imperialism andracism Inthe1960s theterm malechauvinist appearedinthewomen sliberationmovement itisappliedtomaleswhorefusetoregardfemalesasequals Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Chauvinism 沙文主义 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Racismisthebeliefthatraceaccountsfordifferencesinhumancharacterorabilityandthataparticularraceissuperiortoothers Sometimes thistermisalsousedtorefertodiscriminationorprejudicebasedonrace Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Racism 种族主义 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Ethnocentrismisoftenlinkedtoasociologicaltheorycalled culturalrelativism Culturalrelativistsassertthatconceptsaresociallyconstructedandvarycross culturally Theseconceptsmayincludesuchfundamentalnotionsaswhatisconsideredtrue morallycorrect andwhatconstitutesknowledgeorevenrealityitself Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage CulturalRelativism 文化相对主义 II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms CulturalRelativismisanattempttounderstandtheculturaldevelopmentofsocietiesandsocialgroupsontheirownterms thatis withouttryingtoimposeabsoluteideasofmoralvalueortryingtomeasuredifferentculturalvariationsintermsofsomeformofabsoluteculturalstandard Thismaybeapositivevalueintermsofinterethnicrelations Byculturalrelativism allculturesareequallyworthyofrespectandinstudyinganotherculturepeopleneedtosuspendjudgment empathizeandtryandunderstandthewaythatparticularcultureseestheworld Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage CulturalRelativism II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Inthissense underspecificcircumstances anyformofhumanbehaviorcanappeartobegoodorbad Peopleshouldsuspendjudgment investigate andtrytobeculturallyrelativeinordertoreachathoughtfulpersonaljudgment CulturalRelativismisagoodapproachtodismantleethnocentrism chauvinismandracism Lesson10 TheGreenBanana TheendofEthnocentrism CulturalRelativism II Ethnocentrismandotherrelatedterms Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Inter culturalUnderstanding Theworldoftodayisdrasticallydifferentfromthatoftwenty orevenfiveyearsago Theinfluenceofeconomicglobalization thetechnologicaldevelopmentandtheculturalexchangessetsthescene Thisdevelopmentdemandsacompletelynewapproachtoanytypeofinternationalrelations Nomatterwhoyouareorwhereyoulive nomatterwhatnationorcultureyoucomefrom youwillneedtorecognizeoneveryimportanttruthwhenyoucommunicatewithpeopleinothercountries Otherpeoplemaydresslikeyou speakthesamelanguage butarenot justlikeyou Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Youmaycommunicatewithpeoplethathaveverydifferenthistories languages andwaysofdoingandthinking Theymayhaveadifferentsenseoftime andadifferentsenseofhumor Theymayhavedifferentwaysofexpressingfeelings anddifferentperceptionsofmanythingsintheworld Inaword theyhavedifferentcultures Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Inter culturalUnderstanding Pleasethinkaboutyourownrelevantexperience Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Socialissuesformthebackboneofanyculture Peopleindifferentcountriesconducttheirlivesindifferentways Itisfarbettertoknowtherulesthantoriskoffendinganyone Forexample peopleshouldknowsomethingaboutthecountrytheyarevisiting itshistory itspeople itsheritage Thepreparationhelpspeoplemakeconversationandlearnmorefromtheexperience Inaddition itisasignofrespectforthoseyouaremeeting Inter culturalunderstandingdoesnotcomeovernight Itwillonlycomewithpreparation effort andanopenmind Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Inter culturalUnderstanding Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Pleasethinkaboutyourownrelevantexperience Lesson10 TheGreenBanana China Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Britain Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Egypt Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Greece Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Italy Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Morocco Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Nigeria Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding B T L E W Paris Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Russia Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding SouthAfrica Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Switzerland Lesson10 TheGreenBanana Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Inter culturalUnderstanding Australia Lesson10 TheGreenBanana TheendoftheInter culturalunderstanding Inter culturalUnderstanding Greenland Lesson10 TheGreenBanana CultureShock Clickthepictureformoreinformation Lesson10 TheGreenBanana CultureShock Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Theterm cultureshock wasintroducedforthefirsttimein1958todescribetheanxietyproducedwhenapersonmovestoacompletelynewenvironment Thistermexpressesthelackofdirection thefeelingofnotknowingwhattodoorhowtodothingsinanewenvironment andnotknowingwhatisappropriateorinappropriate Thefeelingofcultureshockgenerallysetsinafterthefirstfewweeksofcomingtoanewplace Lesson10 TheGreenBanana CultureShock Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Wecandescribecultureshockasthephysicalandemotionaldiscomfortonesufferswhencomingtoliveinanothercountryoraplacedifferentfromtheplaceoforigin Often thewaythatwelivedbeforeisnotacceptedasorconsideredasnormalinthenewplace Everythingisdifferent forexample notspeakingthelanguage notknowinghowtousebankingmachines notknowinghowtousethetelephoneandsoforth Lesson10 TheGreenBanana CultureShock TheendofCulturalShock Thesymptomsofculturalshockcanappearatdifferenttimes Althoughonecanexperiencerealpainfromcultureshock itisalsoanopportunityforredefiningone slifeobjectives Itisagreatopportunityforlearningandacquiringnewperspectives Cultureshockcanmakeonedevelopabetterunderstandingofoneselfandstimulatepersonalcreativity Lesson10 TheGreenBanana V TowerofBabel Clickthepictureformoreinformation Tobecontinuedonthenextpage Lesson10 TheGreenBanana V TowerofBabel Tobecontinuedonthe