现在进行时表将来(知识梳理).doc

现在进行时表将来概念引入现在进行时是我们非常熟悉的时态，常表示说话时正在发生的动作，如：Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 你为什么在哭？有什么不对吗？但是观察这些句子：1. Im going. 我要走了。2. What are you doing next Sunday? 下星期你打算干什么？3. Dont forget: you are taking part too. 不要忘记：你也要参加。4. She is going to the dentist tomorrow because she is having a tooth filled. 她明天要去看牙医，因为她的牙需要补。这些句子中的谓语动词都是现在进行时，但是谈论的都是将来的事，这就是本单元我们要学习的内容。语法讲解现在进行时表将来1. 现在进行时表示将来主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件，常表示最近或较近的将来，有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”，给人期待感，多是转移动词，如：come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。 Im leaving tomorrow. 我打算明天离开。 Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿待到下个星期吗？ Theyre coming here this afternoon. 今天下午他们要来这儿。 She is leaving on the New York flight. 她要乘飞纽约的航班去。 Do you know if he is going to school tomorrow? 你知道明天他上不上学吗？ What time are you coming back? 你准备什么时候回来？ I am starting early tomorrow morning. 我打算明天一早就动身。 The delegation is arriving this afternoon. 代表团将于今天下午到达。2. 进行时表将来还可以用于一些非位移动词，如do, buy, meet, have, play, spend等，此时句中一般要有表示将来的时间状语。 What are you doing next Sunday? 下周日你要干什么？ My mother is buying me a bike soon. 我妈妈很快要给我买一辆自行车。 We are playing football this afternoon. 今天下午我们要踢足球。 Were probably spending the coming Easter with the Greens. 我们会和格林一家共度复活节。 Im meeting Janet later this evening. 今晚我会与珍妮见面。3. 现在进行时偶尔也表示较远的将来。 When I grow up, Im joining the army. 我长大了要参军。4. 表示将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思，多用于否定结构中。 Im not going there. 我不去那儿了。 Im not waiting for her any longer. 我不会再等她了。现在进行时的其它用法1. 表示说话的时刻正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now, at the moment等连用。 Im sitting on a rock near the river with my friends.我和我的朋友们正坐在河边的一块岩石上。 Were having a meeting. 我们在开会。 Be quiet！ The baby is sleeping 安静，孩子在睡觉。2. 表示现在阶段正在进行的动作，而不一定是说话时正在进行的动作，常与today, this week, this term等连用。 What are you doing recently? 你最近在忙些什么？ He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。 Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my dad on the farm. 现在是暑假，我在农场帮我爸爸干活。3. 现在进行时有时可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，通常与 always， forever， constantly等副词连用。比较： Shes always helping people. 她老是帮助别人。（表示赞扬） She always helps others. 他总是帮助别人。（陈述一个事实） The boy is constantly lying. 这孩子老是撒谎。（表示厌恶） The boy often lies. 这孩子常撒谎。（指出缺点） How are you feeling today? 今天感觉怎么样？（亲切） You are constantly complaining. 你总是不停地抱怨。（抱怨）现在进行时与一般现在时的区别现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯。Hes not working very hard at the moment. （目前情况）此时他并没在努力工作。He doesnt work very hard.（经常的情况）他工作不努力。What kind of music does the woman like? (2019 北京高考)这位女子喜欢什么种类的音乐？Mr. Green is writing another novel. 格林先生在写另一部小说。动词be的现在进行时动词be的现在进行时，主要用于表示一时的表现或暂时存在的状态。He is foolish. 他很傻。(性格如此) He is being foolish. 他显得很傻。(指一时的表现，并非总是如此) He is friendly. 他很友好。(长期如此) He is being friendly. 他显得很友好。(指暂时的表现，而且不一定真诚) He is polite and reasonable. 他讲礼貌而且通情达理。He is being polite and reasonable. 他这会儿讲礼貌而且通情达理。“be+形容词”用于现在进行时时，其中的形容词通常只能是angry, careful, careless, clever, foolish, stupid, kind, friendly, brave, rude, polite等动态形容词，而big, tall, beautiful 等静态形容词不能这样用。不用进行时的动词1. 表示事实状态的动词，如 have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。 I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。 This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。 Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol. 威士忌的酒精含量极高。2. 表示心理状态的动词，如 know, realize, think, see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, need, recognize, remember, want, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。 I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。 He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。 They agreed to reserve four tickets for us. 他们答应给我们留四张票。3. 瞬间动词，如 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。 I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。 When will you complete the task? 你什么时候完成任务? The following evening a party was given for him by his parents. 第二天晚上他父母为他举行了一个派对。4. 系动词，如 seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste等。You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。注意：1. “feel +形容词”表主语情感、感觉、心理状态时，常用进行时： How are you feeling now? Im feeling better. 你现在感觉怎么样？ 感觉好多了。2. 某些系动词，如get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等，用进行时可以表示渐变。The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。一般将来时的几种表达方法1. will/ shall do表示单纯的将来，或临时要做某事。will用于各种人称，shall一般用于第一人称，但是will表示将来通常不用于状语从句中，而用一般现在时代替。 Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？ Ill tell him the truth if I see him tomorrow. 如果我明天看到他，我就告诉他实情。 You said Tom is ill? Ill go to see him now. 你说汤姆病了？我现在马上去看他。注意：在if引导的条件状语从句中可以用will表示主语的意愿。 If you will listen to me, Ill tell you the truth. 如果你愿意听我说，我就告诉你实情。2. be going to指现在的打算、意图，表示最近的计划和安排。 be going to可以表示计划、安排要做的事，也可表示有迹象表明最近的将来要发生的事。Also Im not going to ask you what words mean. 我也不打算问你们单词是什么意思。 What are you going to do this weekend? 你这周末打算干什么呢？ It is going to rain, so wed better stay indoors. 要下雨了，因此我们最好待在室内。3. be doing与表示将来的时间连用，表示不久的将来计划要发生的事或动作。 When are you going off for your holiday? 你什么时候去度假？ Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？4. be to do 表示按预定计划或安排要发生的事情，还可以表示“注定”、“可能性”、“义务”等。 He is to have a holiday. 他要度假了。You are to pay for your fault. 你得为你的失误付出代价。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。 You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you. 你要去那家旅馆，房间已经给你预定了。5. 一般现在时表示将来。分为三种情况：1）按照规定（如工作计划、各种时刻表）要发生的未来的动作，仅限于go, come, leave, start, stay, return, begin等等。 The train leaves ten minutes later. 火车十分钟后启动。 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。2）用于时间状语从句（when, unitl， .）、条件状语从句（if，unless，.）等，代替will表示的一般将来时。 Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 3）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。 I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了6. be about to do 刚要，正要，表示非常近的将来。1) be about to 不能和表示将来的时间副词连用。2) be about to do. when . 正要的时候事情发生了。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 She was about to dish up when some guests came. 她刚要上菜开饭，这时来了一些客人。 As she was about to speak, I frowned her down. 她刚要开口，我就皱皱眉示意她别出声。 I was about to go swimming when my guide shouted at me and told me not to do so. 我正要去游泳，这时向导大声叫我不要去。表示将来的各形式辨析1. be going to 和will/shall两者都可表示意图，有时可互换，但be going to着重强调事先考虑或决定的事；will 表示临时的打算或决定。用于条件句时，be going to表将来, will表意愿。If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算来一次旅行，最好是尽快做好准备。Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你愿意脱下你的衣服，我们会在镜子前帮你穿上新衣服。2. be going to和be to do1）两者都可以表示将来的计划，但是be going to还能表示不受主观控制要发生的事，而be to do不行。如可以说“It is going to rain.”不能说“It is to rain.”2）“be going to do”侧重说话人个人的意图和打算，“be to do”侧重受别人的指示或安排要做的事。 This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. (别人安排) 这个淘气的男孩要在这里待到下课。Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.（个人打算）明天下午我想去踢球。3. do/ be doing和be going to dodo/ does 时间表排定的事 be doing 近期个人具体安排 be going to do 意图，打算 Im meeting my friend at the air- port tomorrow. 我明天要在机场见一个朋友。Her plane arrives at 11 a.m. 她的飞机11点到达。We are going to have lunch together. 我们打算一起吃午饭。品味将来时欣赏下列笑话，了解其中的现在进行时表将来的用法。1. A: We are sending our son to a vacation next week. B: Oh! Does he need a vacation? A: No, but we do! 2. A: I hear you are moving to London next week. B: Yes, I have to because of my job. A: Are you working for the same people? B: Yes, my wife and our six kids!3. A boy was up an apple tree stealing apples. A policeman came along. He looked up at the boy in the tree and said, “When are you coming down, young man?” “When you go