牛津英语模块四unit1-unit4知识点.doc

10Unit 1 Advertising (Module 4)【考点释析】1. An advertisement provides information and uses persuasive language and exciting images toencourage people to buy a product or service or believe in an idea. 广告通过提供有关信息、使用劝导性语言和令人兴奋的图象来鼓励人们购买某种产品或服务或者是相信某种理念。provide vt. 供应, 供给 vi. 采取预防措施；赡养 provide forprovide food and shelter for a family 为家庭提供食物和住宿Sheep provide us with wool. 羊供给我们羊毛。She provides for her family by working in a hospital. 她靠在医院工作来养家。The school supplies books to the children. 学校供应孩子们书籍。Cows supply us with milk. 奶牛给我们提供牛奶。【拓展】provided/providing that = on condition that conj. 倘若 Provided/Providing that he doesnt come, what shall we do?2. A commercial advertisement is one which someone has paid for to promote a product or service. 商业广告是广告客户支付费用以推销某种产品或服务的广告。 pay for sth 花钱买某物；付出代价，得到报应；偿还，赔偿pay three dollars for a hamburger 花三美元买了一个汉堡包Youll pay for this mischief! 你会因恶作剧而受惩罚！ She paid the price for her laziness. 她为自己的懒惰付出了代价。 promote 增进，促进；提升，使晋级；宣传，推广，推销（商品等）commercials promoting a new product 促进新产品销售的商业广告 promote growth / prosperity / understanding 促进增长/繁荣/了解 be promoted (to be) captain / to the rank of captain被提为队长The boy was promoted to the fourth grade. 这个男孩升到四年级。3. PSAs are meant to teach us and help us lead better lives. 公益广告旨在教导大众，为改进人们的生活提供帮助。mean 意欲；打算 (mean to do sth)I meant to go running this morning, but I overslept.我今天早晨本打算去跑步，但是我睡过头了。be meant for = be intended for 打算用作be meant to do = be intended to do 是用来 The building is meant for storage 这座大楼预定作仓库用。 The program was meant to entertain children.这个节目是用来娱乐孩子的。4. I want to thank you for offering me such useful advice during my research. offer vt. 提出，提供；开价；表示愿意The hostess offered us a cup of coffee. 女主人给了我们一杯咖啡。offer to help sb 表示愿意帮助某人offer 1,000 pounds for the house 出价一千英镑买这所房子【拓展】make an offer (of sth) 提议；出价；提供 make an offer of help / support / food 提出给以帮助/支持/食品 make an offer of 250,000 for the house 出价25万美元买这所房子 useful adj. “有用的，有益的，实用的，有帮助的”，常用结构：be useful to do sth；be useful to sb；be useful for (doing) sthIt can be useful to write an outline of your argument first. 先把你的论点纲要写下来可能会有帮助。 These plants are particularly useful for taking in harmful gases in the new house. 这些植物特别有助于吸收新房里的有害气体。5. I recommend that we purchase 10 copies for the library. recommend vt. 推荐，介绍，劝告，建议常用结构： recommend sth for (用途) 推荐某物作某用途 recommend sb for / as (工作、职位、头衔) 推荐某人做/担当 recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物 recommend doing sth / that-clause (谓语：should do) 建议做某事 = advise recommend sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 = advise I recommend him for the job / as general manager 我推荐他做那项工作/做总经理。 Our English teacher recommended Crazy English to us. recommend trying a new medicine 建议试服一种新药 She recommended that we (should) avoid asking for trouble. 她建议我们避免找麻烦。6. In order to determine your audience, you will need to do a little research.determine vt. 决定；决心，决意；确定；使下定决心He determined to go / that he (should) go at once. 他决心立刻就走。 He has been determined to learn English well. 他已下决心学好英语。They determined on an early start. 他们决定早些出发。I have determined on / upon going to the countryside after graduation. 我已决定毕业后到农村去。【拓展】decide to do sth 决定干某事 make a decision to do sth 决定干某事 make up ones mind to do sth 决心干某事7. It is important to always try to appeal to the way the audience will react. appeal to 向呼吁/请求；投合的心意；引起的兴趣appeal to sb for 为向某人呼吁/请求appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事Bright colours appeal to small children. 小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。appeal for aid / mercy / sympathy 请求援助/宽恕/同情8. You can gather this information from your research. 你可以从这项调查中获得信息。gather vt. 使聚集，搜集 vi. 集合，聚集The teacher gathered the students round her. 老师把学生聚集在她的周围。Finally he gathered up his courage and admitted his mistakes. 他最终鼓起勇气承认了错误。【拓展】gather VS collect gather 是最概括的说法，应用也最广泛；collect通常可与gather互换。gather 通常侧重把一些乱放的、分散了的或难以明确分开的东西收集到一起。collect 通常侧重指所收集的东西是分散的或能一次处理一件的，尤其用于把一些东西作为收藏品收集起来，或是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西，使成为有组织的整体的一部分。collect 通常表示有目的或有挑选的收集，而gather 一般表示由少积多的收集。He collected / gathered his belongings and went away. collect ones thoughts 把自己的思想有条理地组织起来 gather ones thoughts 把分散了的思想集中起来collect money （表示为某目的而）筹款，募款【短语记忆】1. make people aware of the needs of others让人们明白别人的需要2. do some research on advertisements对广告做了一些研究3. be intended to do sth意思是使；是用来 intend for 打算供使用，打算送给，打算使成为4. protect from / against 使免于，保护使不受5. tell you the complete truth对你百分之百地说实话6. connect A to (with/and) B （使）连接，联结 connect sth (sb) with sth (sb)与有联系，关联7. fall for爱上；上的当，对信以为真8. play tricks on sb作弄某人 trick sb into doing sth哄骗某人去做 trick sb out of sth骗取某人某物9. keep away from远离10. at a low price以低价格11. on sale待售的，出售，上市；减价销售 for sale待售的，出售，上市12. at 15% discount打八五折13.over and over again一再地，反复，再三14. be attractive to sb对某人有吸引力/有魅力15. improve the image of sb / sth提升的形象16. get into our new jeans in deep red穿上我们店里最新款的深红色的牛仔裤 get into进入，陷入17. day and night = night and day日夜，昼夜，整天18. have sth in mind记得，记住；想到19. be concerned with牵涉到，与有关 20. put sth together把加起来；装配；整理（思路，意见等）21. come up with 想出，提出(主意)22. lead better lives过更好的生活23. Its time to do sth是做某事的时候 Its (high) time sb did sth某人早该做某事Its the first time that sb have (has) done sth这是某人第一次做某事24. be smart about sth对精明Unit 2 Sporting events (Module 4)【考点释析】1. I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. （P22）delight vt. 使快乐，使喜欢；n. 高兴；喜欢； delighted adj. 高兴的All things delight us. 事事都使我们高兴。Our class teacher was delighted that we had done well in the examination.我们的班主任高兴了，因为我们这次考试成绩很好。I was delighted to hear the news of your success. 听到你成功了的消息时我非常高兴。To our delight, the headmaster said we would not have lessons in the holiday.令我们高兴的是，校长说假期不上课。Judging from the delighted look on his face, he is satisfied with the result. 从他脸上高兴的表情判断，他对结果很满意。2. At the ancient games, the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes.（P22） He was still competing for medals. （P23）常见结构：compete in sth 参加竞争/竞赛；compete for sth. 为得到而竞争/比赛compete against/with sb 与某人竞赛/对抗compete with / against sb for sth 与某人竞争而获得某物China competes with/against other countries for world market. 中国与其它国家竞争国际市场。Two boys in my class will compete in the 100-meter race. 我班将有两名男生参加一百米跑。3. Today, athletes from around the world can take part, no matter what language they speak.no matter what 无论什么，引导让步状语从句。【比较】whatever既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。No matter what / Whatever happens, well meet here tonight. (状语从句，whatever在从句中作主语)We are determined to build a new school for the village children, whatever the cost (is).(状语从句，whatever在从句中作表语)The Chinese people will do all they can to help the people in Haidi, whatever difficulty they may have. (状语从句，whatever在从句中作difficulty的定语)Do whatever you like. (宾语从句，whatever在从句中作like的宾语)Whatever is left over is yours. (主语从句，whatever在从句中作主语)【拓展】We can leave whenever youre ready. 你什么时候准备好我们就可以动身He seems to make enemies wherever he goes. 他看上去走到哪儿敌人就树到哪儿。Whoever comes will be welcomed. 无论谁来都会受到欢迎。Its a long trip whichever road you take. 不管你走哪条路，都是个长途旅行。However fast he ran, he couldnt catch up with me. 不管他是怎么做的，他做得很聪明。You can give the report to whomever you meet in the office. 你可以把报告交给你在办公室里遇到的任何人。4. These are some of the Olympians who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to push the limits of human achievement. （P23） 以上是努力推进人类成就极限、给世界人民带来喜悦的奥林匹克运动员中的一部分。attempt n. & vt. 努力，尝试，企图，试图常用结构： attempt to do sth / make an attempt to do sth 企图/试图/尝试做某事 make an attempt at (doing) sth企图/试图/尝试做某事 in an attempt to do sth. 企图/试图/尝试做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting. 我试图一次读完整本小说。Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs.为削减费用，关闭了两家工厂。 They made no attempt to escape.他们没有企图逃跑。 I passed the driving test at the first attempt.我考驾照时一次就通过了。 attempted adj. 未遂的attempted murder/robbery 企图谋杀/抢劫5. I think it will be very convenient. （P26）convenient adj. 方便的，附近的，不远的 句型：It be convenient for sb to do sth. When would it be convenient for you to go? 你什么时候去方便？This apartment is convenient to shopping and transportation.这是购物和交通均很近便的公寓。6. require players to go outdoors 要求运动员去户外（P34）require vt. 需要，要求，命令常用结构： require sth of sb 对某人有的要求 require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 It is required that 有的必要 Sth. require doing/to be done 某事需要被做Most plants require sunlight. 大部分植物需要阳光。We did all that was required of us. 我们做了要求我们所做的一切。The emergency requires that it should be done. 情况紧急, 非这样做不可。The rules require us all to be present. 按规定我们都要到场。Students are required to attend classes. 学生必须按规定上课。My car requires repairing / to be repaired. 我的车需要修理。7. Will Saturday morning do? （P36）do vi. & vt. 适合；足够；凑合；将就These shoes wont do for the party. 这双鞋聚会时穿不适合。 Can you lend me some money? 你能借点钱给我吗？ Sure. Will $20 do? 当然可以，20元够吗？The box will do fine as a table. 这个箱子用作桌子还蛮不错的。This room will do me nicely, thank you. 这个房间对我很合适，谢谢你。8. In order for a new sport to be added, a current sport must be dropped. （P38） 为了增加一个新项目，目前的某个项目必须去掉。 常用结构： in order to do sth 为了做某事，以便做某事，为的目的 in order for sb to do sth 为了某人做某事，以便某人做某事 in order for sb / sth to be done 为了某人/某事被动承受某动作She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她早早到场，好找个好座位。In order for him to write the essay well, she helped him to collect more information.为了他能写好论文，她帮他收集了更多的资料。 = In order for the essay to be written well, she helped him to collect more information.【短语记忆】1. play a very important role in sth 在中起重要作用（P21） play leading roles in 起主要作用，起带头作用（P34） play the role of sb (在剧中) 扮演某人 play/act a part in 在中起作用；在中扮演角色 play/act the part of in 在中扮演的角色2. in honor of 为纪念，为庆祝（P22）3. come to public attention 引起公众瞩目（P22）4. at the opening ceremony 在开幕式上（P22）5. know of (his success) 知道(他的成功)（P23）6. be (widely) recognized as被(广泛)认可/承认是（P23）7. break the world record for sth 打破的世界记录（P23）8. make important contributions to sth 对作出贡献 （P23）9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望，期待，盼望（P23）10. provide first-class training grounds 提供一流的训练场地（P29）11. be very helpful for/to tourists 对旅游者很有帮助 （P29） be helpful for sb to do sthbe helpful in doing sth12. do enough warm-up exercises 做足够的热身运动（P31）13. go winter swimming 去冬泳（P31）14. get in 进入，到达，收获，插入，陷入（P31）15. get () out of (从中) 出来，从之中获得（P31）16. good luck with sth / sb 祝好运（P34）17. keep under control 使被控制住（P38）18. make way for sth 让路给，为开路（P38）19. be involved in 涉及，专心（P38）20. hope for 希望，期待（P38）Unit 3 Tomorrows world (Module 4)【考点释析】1. Upon reaching the top of the mountain, a feeling of happiness and a sense of achievement will be experienced. 到达顶峰时，观众心中将会涌起一种愉悦感和成就感。on / upon + doing 一就（用以表示某一特定场合）On entering the room, she saw him. 她一进这个房间便看到了他。【拓展】 in + doing 做时，发生时，当时 In attempting to save the child from drowning, she nearly lost her life. after + doing 在后 After winning the prize she became famous overnight. before + doing 在之前 Before going home, I must finish this letter.2. To add to the virtual world of ReadlCine, smells are given out through small openings in the headsets.add to 增加，加到Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。【拓展】add to 把加到add up 加起来add up to 总计共达3. be delivered into the viewers mouth 输送到观众的嘴里deliver the mail 投递邮件deliver the criminal to the police 把罪犯交给警察deliver a lecture 发表演讲She delivered a baby boy this morning.今天早晨她生了个小男孩。4. thrill vt. 使激动；使颤动、战栗；使毛骨悚然 vi. 激动, 心怦怦地跳；发抖, 颤动(with)Stories of adventure thrilled him. 冒险小说使他激动。thrill with joy 为喜悦所激动We thrilled at the good news. 听到那好消息我们感到很兴奋。5. However, before using it in my next film, there are some points I would like to mention. mention vt. & n. 提及，说起；说到，讲到；写到；记载Did you mention this to my sister? 你对我姐姐说到这件事了吗？The soldier was mentioned in a report for his bravery.这个战士的勇敢行为被记载在报告书里。No mention was made of her illness. 关于她的病情没有提到过。【拓展】as mentioned above 如上所述Dont mention it. 不要客气，不用谢，没关系，不要紧（作客套语）not to mention = without mentioning 更不必说，更谈不上(not) worth mentioning （不）值得一提at the mention of 在（听人）提到时make mention of 提到，说到6. Im worried that Realcine may be too expensive for ordinary people to afford. afford vt. 买得起；负担得起；能提供，能给予；抽得出（时间）afford常与can，could，be able to 连用not able to / cannot afford a new car 买不起新车a tree that affords ample shade 可以遮荫的树He is too busy to afford a holiday.他忙得抽不出时间度假。I cant afford an hour for lunch 我抽不出一小时吃午饭7. It has been suggested that travel sickness can be reduced by using VR. suggest vt. 建议，提出；使想起，暗示；使联想到suggest things for children to do 建议孩子们做一些事He suggested going out for a walk. 他建议出去走走。He suggested that we (should) take a walk.他提议我们去散步。That girls sun-tanned face suggests excellent health / (that) she is in good heath.那个姑娘被太阳晒黑了的脸表明她身体非常健康。The thought of summer suggests swimming. 想到夏天，就使人联想到游泳。8. I believe our painting is worth quite a lot of money. worth adj. 等值的；值得的What / How much is it worth? 这值多少钱？It is worth 500. 它值五百镑。That second-hand car isnt worth what you paid. 那辆旧车不值你所花的钱。a proposal not worth consideration 不值得考虑的提案Its worth seeing / hearing / reading. 值得一看/一听/一读。【拓展】worthy有价值的；有意义的；配得上的；可尊敬的；值得的His acts are worthy of praise / being praised / to be praised. 他的行为值得表扬。9. It seems that people prefer living in flat. prefer vt. 更喜欢，宁愿prefer coffee to tea 喜欢咖啡胜于茶prefer doing to talking = prefer to do rather than talk 喜欢做而不喜欢说I should prefer you not to stay / that you did not stay there too long.我希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。 Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？10. After this, with the h