Unit 1 教案-新世纪大学英语第二册.doc

Zooming In: An Integrated English Course (Book IV)新世纪大学英语第四册Unit 1 Man and NatureLecturer: Cai Jie 蔡 洁Classes: 注会11401 （53）Teaching Objectives:1. To understand the relationship between man and nature. 2. Grasp the key words, phrases and structure.Teaching Contents1. Lead-in activities2. Text Organization ( Text A)3. Language points ( key words, phrases and difficult sentences)4. Grammar Focus ( direct and indirect speech)5. Guided Practice (Listening practice ,oral practice and written exercises)Teaching Focus1. Direct and indirect speech2. Usage of language points and expressions3. Understanding of the textTime Allotment:1st period2nd period3rd-4th periods5th-6th periods7th-8th periodsSection1: warming upand Topic discussionSection 2: Listening practiceSection 3: Reading 1 lead-in and theme analysis Section 4: Reading 1 (questions and group- discussion, structure; Section 5: Reading 1 (Useful expressions and difficult sentences;) Section 6: After reading discussionReview & Word Formation &ExercisesTeaching Methods:l Explanationl Group discussionl Questions and answersl Multi-medial PerformanceTeaching Procedure:1.Warm-up Activity1) Group DiscussionDirections:Read the following poster. Can you understand what the poster means? What information can you learn from it? How do you feel after reading the poster? The worlds water supply If all earths water fit in a gallon jug, available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon less than half of one percent of the total. About 97 percent of the planets water is seawater; another two percent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. Vast reserves of fresh water underlie earths surface, but much of it is too deep to economically tap.1. What environmental issues do you think are the most pressing now? 2.Can you recognize what environmental issues do the following pictures show? What do you know about them? Share your knowledge with your classmates. 2) Quotes about man and nature 1. Man will conquer nature. 人定胜天。2. Nature is the glass reflecting truth. 大自然是反映真理的一面镜子。3. Nature will have its course. 天行其道。2.Text Organization Part I Para.1-2 Man lives in the realm of nature and can not live outside nature. Part II Para 3-4 As society develops, man tend to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows because the industrial transformation of the earth makes it increasingly difficult to obtain irreplaceable natural resources for the needs of production. Part III Para.5-7 At present, nature is being exhausted in resources by human beings, contaminated by synthetic products, and troubled by ecological imbalance. The previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown ominous signs of breaking down. Part IV Para. 8-9 The solution to man-nature relation lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for nature by all humanity. The failure to live in harmony with nature and obey its laws would cause fatal disaster.3. Language PointsA. Words and Expressions1) (L 1) realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thoughte.g. 影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.Collocations:public realm 公众领域e.g He always projects an image of success in public realm. 他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。within the realms of possibility 有可能的e.g It was actually within the realms of possibility. 这是完全有可能的。2) (L 2) interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each othere.g 所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。All things are interrelated and interact with each other.3) (L 7) transform: vt. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it e.g. 这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。 The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.cf. change, convert & transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. In order to _ their environment, he drew up the project. (=transform)2. Carbon dioxide can be _ into oxygen through the agency of plant. (=converted)3. Why do the leaves on trees _ colour in autumn? (=change)4. He always attempts to _ others to a particular doctrine or belief. (=convert)4) (L 8) convert: v. to change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way e.g. 他成功地让我接受了他的观点。He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.5) (L 9) subdue: vt. gain control of, esp. by defeating e.g 警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。 Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.NB: 该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。例如： In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music. 6) (L 10 ) discipline: 1. vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-controle.g.不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的.Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.)2. n. 1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules e.g The book gives parents advice on discipline.2) an area of knowledge or teachinge.g The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another.e.g她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象. I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more.Collocations:discipline problem 纪律问题discipline oneself 自律instill discipline into sb. 灌输纪律观念7) (L 10) compel: vt. make (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyede.g 法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。The law compels employers to provide health insurance.cf. compel, force & oblige 这些动词均含“迫使”之意。compel 指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如: *A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. 家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。force 指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。例如: *Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender. 政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。oblige 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。例如: *Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business. 形势逼迫他卖掉公司。8) (L 11) transfer: 1. v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another e.g Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.2. n. e.g 权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。The transfer of power was effected swiftly and peacefully.9) (L 17) in fear of: in a state of fear aboute.g 他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。 They live in continual fear of starvation.10) (L 20) attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long timee.g 他们最后一定能获得解放。 Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.11) (L 24 ) hostile: a. showing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendlye.g. 工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度.The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were hostile to the common people.12) (L 26 ) retreat: vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do soe.g. 从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。 It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.cf. retire, retreat & withdraw这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。retire 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。例如: *I retired from teaching three years ago. 三年前我就不再教书了。retreat 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。 *The enemy was forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了。withdraw 强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。 *As the troops withdraw , the entire city celebrated the liberation. 部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。13) (L 30) concerned: a. affected by something or worried about it; believing something is importante.g 很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。 Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.Collocations:concerned with 关注，关心；与相关concerned about/for 担心，关爱concerned to do sth. 专注于做某事as far as is concerned 就而言14) (L 36) ominous: a. making you feel that something bad is going to happene.g 不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。 The ominous black clouds predicted the coming thunderstorm.15) (L 38) acute: a. severe; very greate.g一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。 A bad tooth can cause acute pain.Collocations:acute disease 急性病acute anxiety 急剧焦虑acute shortage 严重短缺acute sense 敏锐的感觉 acute mind 机智的头脑16) (L 40) substance: n. a material; type of mattere.g. 大气中的有害物质威胁着人们的健康。 Harmful substances in the atmosphere are threatening peoples health.17) (L 42) complex: 1. a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understande.g随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂,供电可靠性方面的要求也与日俱增。 The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex.2. n. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purposee.g. They live in a three-story apartment complex.cf. complex, complicated, sophisticated & intricate这些形容词均含“复杂的”意思。complex 强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated 与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。intricate 着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Peter seemed to have a good understanding of the most _ issues. (=complex/complicated)2. Joan shows me the highly _ computer software. (=sophisticated)3. Mental illness is a very _ subject. (=complicated)4. The plot of the novel is _ and fascinating. (=intricate)5. The higher the level of competition, the more _ the timing systems. (=sophisticated)18) (L 43) distinguish: v. makes someone or something different or speciale.g. 他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。 They have found a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue.19) (L 44) synthetic: a. produced by synthesizing; not naturally produced; artificiale.g 我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。 We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials.20) (L 47) glitter: vi. shine brightly with flashing points of lighte.g. 晨露在阳光下闪烁。 The morning dews glitter in the sun.cf. flash, gleam & glitter 这些动词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”之意。flash 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。例如： *Lightning flashed overhead. 闪电在头顶闪光。gleam 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。例如： *Day was by this time approaching，the west was dim, the east beginning to gleam. 这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光。glitter 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。例如：*His blue eyes glittered with anger. 他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的目光。21) (L 53 ) cycle: 1. n. a number of related events happening in a regularlyrepeated ordere.g Sometimes the only way to break the cycle of violence in the home is for the wife to leave.2. v. travel by bicycle; go through a series of related events again and againe.g 水通过机器循环再利用。 The water is cycled through the machine and reused.)Collocations:break the cycle 打破循环cycling tour 骑车环游cycle lane/path/route 自行车道life cycle 生命周期22) (L 64) as yet: until now e.g 我们到现在还没有科林的消息。 Weve had no word from Colin as yet.23) (L 66) theme n. the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etce.g. 林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。 Most of Lynchs other pictures were variations on the same theme.cf. issue, theme & topic这些名词均有“主题、话题”之意。issue 指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。theme 正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。topic 普通用词，含义广泛，既可指文章、讲话的题目，谈话的内容，又可指提纲中的标题甚至段落的主题或中心思想。 (Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. Capital punishment is a highly controversial _. (=issue)2. Their story echoes the central _ in Part 1 of this book Principles. (=theme)3. Global warming and youth crime are the key _ in the election campaign. (=issues)4. The wedding has been the only _ of conversation for weeks. (=topic)24) (L 68) threaten: be a danger or threat to; seem likely (to harm, spoil, ruin, etc.)e.g.这一事件将有损他的声誉。 The incident threatens to ruin his reputation.25) (L 69) apt: a. 1) exactly suitablee.g. 惩罚应当与罪行相适应。 The punishment should be apt for the crime.2) having a natural tendency to do somethinge.g Some of the staff are apt to arrive late on Mondays.Useful phrases and expressions 1) 大自然的王国 the realms of nature2) 为社会利益服务 serve the interests of society3) 气候环境 climatic conditions4) 在对的恐惧之中 in fear of5) 日常必须品 daily necessities6) 打着“文明”的旗号 in the name of civilization7) 关注 be concerned with8) 不可替代的自然资源 irreplaceable natural resources9) 动态平衡 dynamic balance10) 不祥之兆 ominous sign11) 崩溃 break down12) 工业废物 industrial waste13) 人工合成材料 synthetic goods14) 从头到脚 from head to foot15) 自然循环 the cycle of natural processes 16) 在于 lie in17) 直到目前 as yet18) 回到我们的主题上 return to our theme 19) 自然规律 laws of nature20) 结果是 turn outB. Difficult Sentences1) (LL56) We are connected with nature by “blood ties” and we cannot live outside nature.Q: What does “blood ties” refer to?(=It refers to such very close relationship as kinship.)Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。)2) (LL89) Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society.Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。)3) (LL1114) Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.Q: Analyze the structure of this sentence.(=This is a compound sentence led by “not only(but) also”. The firsthalf led by “not only” is the inverted structure.More examples:e.g Not only is Tom very clever, he is also very diligent.Not only did he lose his bag, but he himself got lost.Q: Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has shifted different kinds of plants and animals to areas with different climates from those of their original habitats. Moreover, man has transformed the shape and climate of his own environment and accordingly the plants and animals have also adapted themselves to the changes. )4) (LL 2324) Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man.Q: What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn that the power of nature is out of mans control so that it is believed to be unfavorable to humanity.)Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。)5) (LL2628) This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant theplaces where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated, where the forest had been cut down.Q: Analyze the structure of this sentence. (=The attributive clause led by “which” includes another three attributive clauses led by “where” in parallel structure.)Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的。所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。)6) (LL 3234) Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.Q: Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has realized the great geological changes caused by the industrial influence on the earth, which is made by science and mans transforming activities in practice.)7) (LL3537) At present，the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.Q: What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn from the sentence that man has threatened the balance between man and nature and between nature and society, which used to be maintained dynamically, but now tends to collapse.) Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现出崩溃的迹象。)8) (LL4344) Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundance of produced and used synthetic goods.Q: What can we infer from this sentence?(=We can infer from this sentence that it is modern technology, to a great extent, that enables the production and consumption of large quantities of synthetic goods.)Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。) 9) (LL5861) Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity.Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的力量。)10) (LL6668) But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster may turn out to be universal.Q: Paraphrase this sentence.(=As we come to the topic under discussion, it is painful to see the fact that human activities may well bring disaster through the violation of the laws of nature and the harmony of the biosphere. )Q: Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事实可能是普遍存在的。)4. Grammar Focus ( direct and indirect speech)引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1 直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。He said , You are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him. 2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语