基于51单片机的图形液晶显示设计.doc

实验三 基于51单片机的图形液晶显示设计一、实验任务要求在液晶显示屏上显示自已的姓名和学号，姓名用16*16点阵显示，学号用8*16点阵显示。二、实验原理1、 单片机选用atmel公司的at89s52，液晶模块选用lcd12864，其控制器是不带字库的ks0108作为列驱动，行驱动是ks0107. 控制器的工作原来及显示控制指令集见附录（北京集粉碎电子设备制造有限公司）的有关控制器的资料。2、 取字模软件同学可以用网上下载一个。3、 液晶显示硬件电路（需要控制的有关管脚），其他的省略。lcd屏的第4脚di为命令数据选择，接单片机的p3.3，当di=1时，为数据；di=0时，为指令；lcd屏的第5脚rw为读写控制，接单片机的p3.3，当rw=1时，为读数据或指令；rw=0时，写数据或指令；lcd屏的第6脚e为使能控制，接单片机的p3.2，当e由高到低变化时，数据有效；lcd屏的第15脚cs1为左半屏片选信号，接单片机的p3.0，当cs1=0时，选通左半屏；lcd屏的第16脚cs2为右半屏片选信号，接单片机的p3.1，当cs2=0时，选通右半屏。三、实验报告要求(一)ks0108详细的控制指令说明1、ks0108 控制器系列产品主要特性(1) 8位并行数据接口，适配m6800 系列时序。(2) 拥有 6464 位（512 字节）的显示存储器，其数据直接作为显示驱动信号。(3) 简单的操作指令。(4) 低功耗（具体参数见各款产品外形文件）2、接口顺序12832-112832-312864-112864-312864-712864-1612864-1812864-18a1ledkv0gnd/cs1vccgndvccledk2ledavccvcc/cs2gndvccgndleda3v0gndv0gndv0v0v0vout4vccersvccrsrsdb0/rst5gndrsr/wv0r/wr/wdb1/cs26er/werseedb2/cs17rs/rstdb0r/wdb0db0db3db78r/wcsdb1edb1db1db4db69csdb7db2db0db2db2db5db510/rstdb6db3db1db3db3db6db411db0db5db4db2db4db4db7db312db1db4db5db3db5db5/cs1db213db2db3db6db4db6db6/cs2db114db3db2db7db5db7db7/rstdb015db4db1cs1db6/cs1cs1r/we16db5db0cs2db7/cs2cs2rsr/w17db6ledk/rst/rst/rst/rsters18db7ledavoutvoutvoutvoutvoutv019ledaledaledael/blaledkvcc20ledkledkledknc/blkledagnd表1 各种接口的接口顺序由表1给出的各种接口的接口顺序，选用12864-3的型号即proteus的型号选择如图1所示，按照所选型号连接好电路图，如图8所示。图1 proteus的lcd型号选择3、产品外形按照所选用的12864-3型号，其产品外形如图2所示。图2 12864-3型号产品外形图12864-3 产品有12864-3c 和12864-3d 两个升级型号，其中12864-3c 是片选高电平有效，12864-3d是片选低电平有效。可配置温补电路。4、 原理简图按照所选用的12864-3型号，其原理简图如图3所示。图3 12864点阵模块原理框图5、 接口说明名称型态电平功能描述fg铁框地gnd电源地vcc输入电源输入（+5v）v0输入lcd 驱动电压输入端（对比度调节）r/w输入h/l读/写信号cs输入h/l12832 类产品片选 h：芯片1 l：芯片2cs1输入h/l片选信号，一般低有效，部分产品高电平有效，具体见各产品外形文件cs2rs输入h/l寄存器选择端 h：数据寄存器；l：命令寄存器/rst输入h/l复位信号db0db7输入/输出h/l数据总线vee输入负压输入输出端leda输入背光正极ledk背光负极* vout 或名vee，意义相同表2 接口说明6、引脚功能d0-d7三态数据总线r/w输入r/w=1，mcu 对ks0108 的读操作信号r/w=0，mcu 对ks0108 的写操作信号cs1cs2cs3输入片选信号。仅当 cs1=cs2=0 且cs3=1 时，ks0108才选通rs输入通道选择信号，c/d=1 数据通道，c/d=0 指令通道e输入使能信号rst输入复位信号，低有效。复位时，ks0108 将显示开关和显示起始行寄存器清零。表3 引脚功能7、指令列表表4 指令列表8、指令功能详解下面是 ks0108 指令写入的流程图：图4 指令写入的流程图(1)读状态字 read status格式：rs=0，r/w=1busy0on/offreset00001) busy=1 表示ks0108 正在处理计算机发来的指令或数据。此时接口电路被封锁，不能接受除读状态字以外的任何操作。busy=0 表示ks0108 接口控制电路已处于“准备好”状态，等待计算机的访问。2) on/off：表示当前的显示状态。on/off=1 表示关显示状态on/off=0 表示开显示状态。3) reset 表示当前ks0108 的工作状态，即反映rst 端的电平状态。当 rst 为低电平状态时ks0108 处于复位工作状态，reset=1。当 rst 为高电平状态时，ks0108 为正常工作状态，reset=0。4) 在占领设置和数据读写时要注意状态字中的 busy 标志。只有在busy=0 时，计算机对 ks0108 的操作才能有效。因此计算机在每次对ks0108 操作之前，都要读出状态字判断busy 是否为“0”。若不为“0”，则计算机需要等待，直busy=0 为止。(2)显示开关 display on/off格式：rs=0，r/w=00011111d该指令设置显示开关/触发器的状态，由此控制显示数据锁存器的工作方式，从而控制显示上的显示状态。d位为显示开/关的控制位。当d=1为显示设置，显示数据锁存器正常工作，显示屏上呈现所须的效果。此时在状态字中on/off=0。当d=0为关显示设置，显示数据锁存器被置零，显示屏呈不显示状态，但显示存储器并没有被破坏，在状态组中on/off=1。(3)显示起始行设置 display start line 格式：rs=0，r/w=011l5l4l3l2l1l0该指令设置了显示起始行寄存器的内容。ks0108 有64 行显示的管理能力，该指令中l5l0 为显示起始行的地址，取值在03fh（164）范围内，它规定了显示屏上最顶一行所对应的显示存储器的行地址。如果定时间隔地，等间距地修改（如加一或减一）显示起始行寄存器的内容，则显示屏将呈现显示内容向上或向下平滑滚动的显示效果。(4)页面地址设置 set page(x address)格式：rs=0，r/w=010111p2p1p0该指令设置了页面地址-x 地址寄存器的内容。ks0108 将显示存储器分成了8 页，指令代码中p2p0 就是要确定当前所要选择的页面地址，取值范围为07h，代表第18页。该指令规定了以后的读/写操作将在哪一个页面上进行。(5)列地址设置 set y address格式：rs=0，r/w=001c5c4c3c2c1c0该指令设置了y 地址计数器的内容，c5c0=03fh（164）代表某一页面上的某一单元地址，随后的一次读或写数据将在这个单元上进行。y 地址计数器具有自动加一功能，在每一次读/写数据后它将自动加一，所以在连续进行读/写数据时，y 地址计数器不必每次都设置一次。页面地址的设置和列地址的设置将显示存储器单元唯一地确定下来，为后来的显示数据的读/写作了地址的选通。(6)写显示数据 write display data格式数据：rs=1，r/w=0数据该操作将8位数据写入先前已确定的显示存储器的单元内，操作完成后列地址计数器自动加一。(7)读显示数据 read display data格式数据：rs=1，r/w=1数据该操作将 ks0108 接口部的输出寄存器内容读出，然后列地址计数器自动加一。(二)取字模的方法使用取模软件pctolcd对所需的字进行取模，对取模方式进行选择，选择逐列式，如图5所示，再点击生成字模，将需要的字模生成出来。如图6所示。图5 取模方式选择图6 生成字模取出的字模如图7所示：图7 取出的字模按照同样的方法，将“班级：电子信息091；姓名：黄慧娟；学号208090508”的所有字模都取出来。（具体字模见代码）3、 详细的程序代码以及说明#include#include#include#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int#define lcd_date p0/*lcd端口定义*/sbit cs1=p23;sbit cs2=p24;sbit en=p22;sbit rw=p21;sbit rs=p20;uchar x=0xb8;uchar y=0x40;code uchar dis=0x84,0x10,0x84,0x30,0xfc,0x1f,0x84,0x08,0x84,0x88,0x00,0x42,0xf8,0x21,0x00,0x18,0xff,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x84,0x20,0x84,0x20,0xfc,0x3f,0x84,0x20,0x84,0x20,0x00,0x00,/*班,0*/0x20,0x22,0x30,0x67,0xac,0x22,0x63,0x12,0x30,0x12,0x00,0x40,0x02,0x30,0x02,0x8f,0xfe,0x80,0x02,0x43,0x02,0x2c,0x62,0x10,0x5a,0x2c,0xc6,0x43,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,/*级,1*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xc0,0x30,0xc0,0x30,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*:,2*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x1f,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x08,0x88,0x08,0xff,0x7f,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0x88,0xf8,0x9f,0x00,0x80,0x00,0xf0,0x00,0x00,/*电,3*/0x80,0x00,0x82,0x00,0x82,0x00,0x82,0x00,0x82,0x00,0x82,0x40,0x82,0x80,0xe2,0x7f,0xa2,0x00,0x92,0x00,0x8a,0x00,0x86,0x00,0x82,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*子,4*/0x00,0x01,0x80,0x00,0x60,0x00,0xf8,0xff,0x07,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x24,0xf9,0x24,0x49,0x25,0x49,0x26,0x49,0x24,0x49,0x24,0x49,0x24,0xf9,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*信,5*/0x00,0x40,0x00,0x30,0x00,0x00,0xfc,0x03,0x54,0x39,0x54,0x41,0x56,0x41,0x55,0x45,0x54,0x59,0x54,0x41,0x54,0x41,0xfc,0x73,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x30,0x00,0x00,/*息,6*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x0f,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/*0,7*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x00,0x10,0x31,0x08,0x22,0x08,0x22,0x10,0x11,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/*9,8*/0x00,0x00,0x10,0x20,0x10,0x20,0xf8,0x3f,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*1,9*/0x10,0x40,0x90,0x21,0x7f,0x1a,0x12,0x04,0x10,0x0b,0xf0,0x30,0x40,0x40,0x3c,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0xff,0x7f,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x42,0x10,0x40,0x00,0x00,/*姓,1*/0x00,0x04,0x40,0x04,0x20,0x04,0x10,0x02,0x08,0x7e,0x27,0x23,0x44,0x23,0x84,0x22,0x44,0x22,0x24,0x22,0x14,0x22,0x0c,0x22,0x04,0x7e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*名,4*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x36,0x00,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*：,6*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,7*/0x20,0x00,0x24,0x80,0x24,0x80,0xa4,0x5f,0xa4,0x32,0xbf,0x12,0xa4,0x12,0xe4,0x1f,0xa4,0x12,0xbf,0x12,0xa4,0x32,0xa4,0x5f,0x24,0xc0,0x24,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*黄,9*/0x00,0x00,0x2a,0x40,0x2a,0x30,0xaa,0x0a,0xff,0x0a,0xaa,0x3a,0xaa,0x4a,0x80,0x4a,0xaa,0x5a,0xaa,0x4a,0xff,0x4a,0xaa,0x6a,0xaa,0x0f,0x2a,0x10,0x00,0x60,0x00,0x00,/*慧,11*/0x10,0x40,0x10,0x23,0xf0,0x1a,0x1f,0x04,0x10,0x0b,0xf0,0x30,0x00,0x00,0xde,0xff,0x52,0x09,0x52,0x09,0x52,0x09,0x52,0x49,0x52,0x89,0xde,0x7f,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*娟,13*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,14*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,15*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,16*/0x40,0x00,0x30,0x02,0x10,0x02,0x12,0x02,0x5c,0x02,0x54,0x02,0x50,0x42,0x51,0x82,0x5e,0x7f,0xd4,0x02,0x50,0x02,0x18,0x02,0x57,0x02,0x32,0x02,0x10,0x02,0x00,0x00,/*学,2*/0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x5f,0x02,0xd1,0x07,0x51,0x02,0x51,0x02,0x51,0x22,0x51,0x42,0x51,0x82,0x51,0x42,0x5f,0x3e,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*号,4*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x36,0x00,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/*：,6*/0x00,0x00,0x70,0x30,0x08,0x28,0x08,0x24,0x08,0x22,0x88,0x21,0x70,0x30,0x00,0x00,/* 2,7*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x0f,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/* 0,8*/0x00,0x00,0x70,0x1c,0x88,0x22,0x08,0x21,0x08,0x21,0x88,0x22,0x70,0x1c,0x00,0x00,/* 8,9*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x0f,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/* 0,10*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x00,0x10,0x31,0x08,0x22,0x08,0x22,0x10,0x11,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/* 9,11*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x0f,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/* 0,12*/0x00,0x00,0xf8,0x19,0x08,0x21,0x88,0x20,0x88,0x20,0x08,0x11,0x08,0x0e,0x00,0x00,/* 5,13*/0x00,0x00,0xe0,0x0f,0x10,0x10,0x08,0x20,0x08,0x20,0x10,0x10,0xe0,0x0f,0x00,0x00,/* 0,14*/0x00,0x00,0x70,0x1c,0x88,0x22,0x08,0x21,0x08,0x21,0x88,0x22,0x70,0x1c,0x00,0x00,/* 8,15*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,16*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,1*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,2*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,3*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,4*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,5*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,6*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,7*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,8*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,9*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,10*/0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,/* ,11*/0x00,0x00,0x00